Amarillo Sunday News-Globe (Amarillo, Tex.), Vol. 13, No. 33, Ed. 1 Sunday, August 14, 1938 Page: 25 of 264
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—So Begins a Saga of Four Glorious Centuries on the High Plains
*¥# ¥ ¥ * ¥** ¥ * ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ * ¥ ¥¥¥
First, the Native Indian Era Before Coronado's Expedition Across the Panhandle in the Year 1541
"|MAGINE yourself standing in a plain to which your eye
can see no bounds. Not a tree, not a shrub, not a tall
weed lifts its head above the barren grandeur of the
desert; not a stone is to be seen on its hard beaten sur-
face; no undulations, no abruptness, no break to relieve the
monotony; nothing save, here and there, a de*p, narrow
track worn into the hard plain by the constant hoof of the
buf?a!o. Imagine then, countless herds of buffalo, showing
their unwieldy, dark shapes in every direction, as far as the
eye can. reach, and approaching at times within forty steps
of you; or a herd of wild horses feeding in the distance or
hurrying away from the hateful smell of man, their manes
floating and a trampling like thunder. Imagine, here and
there, a solitary antelope, or perhaps a whole herd, fleeing
off in the distance like the scattering of white clouds.
Imagine bands of white, snow-like woIvps, prowling about,
accompanied by the little gray coyotes or prairie wolves,
who are as rapacious and as noisy as their bigger brethren.
Imagine, also, here and there, a lonely tiger cat, crouched
in some little hollow, or bounding off in triumph, bearing
some luckless little prairie dog which it has caught straggling
about at a distance from his hole. If, to all this, you add a
band of Indians . . . Imagine them hovering about in the
prairie, chasing a buffalo or attacking an enemy. There you
have an image of the prairie." — John James Audubon,
famous naturalist.
- *
V > by
A'r*
■% y >
Hi
JS I Icrbo-i otid Carolyn lijpvnohs
I am the trail. The trail
in Potter County, Texas. To-
day I am remembering much
that I have seen and heard.
I was first made by huge rep-
tiles, 15 to 25 feet long, as they
dragged their scaly length over me
In what men now call the Trlasslc
period.
I thought I was lost forever when
the flood moved from east to west
across my plains. I was burled deep
In that Pliocene period and tn the
Ice age that followed, but when the
Ice age vanished I was marked out
again by mammoths.
With the mammoths, from Si-
berian Asia, came man, a queer being
who walked erect. He was small but
superior to the mammoths, because
he often slew them with flint
spears. I learned recently that this
man Is called Folsom man, because
prehistoric traces of him were first
found rear Folsom, New Mexico. I
knew him as Man, the being that
reasoned and had power.
Thousands-of years later, another
man, much like the men of today,
came to me. I heard the word Home
from him. I saw a stone and adobe
home of the Panhandle Culture man
grow close by my side, and learned
that over on Wolf Creek in Lipscomb
County a fine, air conditioned
apartment house, with 50 or more
rooms, was being built.
A few years ago a Dr. T. L. Kyerly
explored this apartment house.
There was much speculation con-
cerning It. I could have answered
their questions, but no one asked
the trail.
« • •
Time passed.
For years many strange animals
roamed near my river and crossed
my plain. Finally, there was one
shaggy beast that, more than all
others, made my land his home. X
could frcl him coming long before
my eyes or ears knew It. for the
ground quivered when he moved
with the herd. The buffalo loved the
grn.ss of my plains and he found
shelter in the breaks of my river. I
soon learned to talk with him, and
he told me many things.
I learned that Indians who plant-
ed and harvested maize were mak-
ing homes close to my plains. Some-
times I saw these tribes as they
hunted the buffalo, but they usual-
ly stayed In the rough country.
Birds that stopped to pick seed
V my side in the year 1520 were
all a-twitter with news of De Vaca.
a civilized man, who, with two com-
panions, was near my Plains. I
hoped that I would see De Vara,
hut If he passed on my way he was
so burned by sun and wind that
I did not distinguish him from the
Indians.
The buffalo said they saw De
Soto's men In 1541, but I did not
see them.
Tn the spring of 1541 the buffalo
also told me of Coronado and his
band of Spaniards, They said that
300 mounted men, 70 foot soldiers
and a band of Friars, with a thou-
sand friendly Indians, were march-
ing toward my land, driving sheep,
hogs and cattle with them for food.
I learned the soldiers had many
changes of silken and velvet gar-
ments and hoped to conquer my
country and find much gold.
It was the next year, 1541, that
Coronac' i and 30 of his men came.
At their first stop they planted a
cross and knelt In prayer. I felt a
deep reverance as these men wor-
shiped God on my Plains.
The horses the men were riding
Impressed me. They reminded me
of a small animal I had seen thou-
sands of years before, bait these
horses were much larger. How much
the horse would change my life I
did not know then.
One day a man named Oastaneda,
who was with Coronado, sat by my
I planted, and he was so thoughtful
S of others.
The year after Coronado rame, the
fray and a small party returned to
plant the crass Just north of me.
j Ur/riendly Indians attacked the
party. Warning his men to flee,
Padillo lilted high the cross as he
' knelt to draw the Indian arrows to
| his own body.
I was glad that a monument was
placed In Amarillo In the year 1937
i to honor Padillo. It was right.
* • •
I saw other horses soon after
i Coronado and his horsemen left me.
' Later herd3 thundered past. It
made me feel free to see them, as,
. their manes and tails sweeping back
in the wind, they raced for the sheer
joy of movement. I did not know
i it then, but this horse was to bring
| (he savage Indian to my land as he
hunted the buffalo.
In the year 1602 I saw the Span-
I iards again when Juan de Onate and
The soldiers did not find the thieves,
however, for they had been warned.
Ry the middle of the 17th century
nil the Indians had horses. _ Chey-
enries and Comanches charged over
me as they hunted the buffalo. I
often heard blood curdling whoops
and saw signal fires rising from
my breaks.
I compared the faces of the
nomad Indian now hunting on my
Plain with the faces of men I had
seen before. It had been so long
since I saw the Fo],;om man that,
my memory was vague concerning
him, but both the Pueblo and the
Spanish men showed culture. The
Indians now on my land were sav-
ages, and their face showed It.
Of the different tribes that, hunt-
ed the buffalo and sometimes marie
their tepee homes in my river
breaks, the Comanche was the
shortest man. He was seldom more
than 5 foot, 6 inches tall, but he was
the best horseman of them all.
* • •
As time went on the buffalo In-
creased. Often the ground shook
! for days, and more than once I felt
some recovered. The much shorter
wagon train was reassembled to
move on. The oldest wagons were
drawn out, and the bedding and
clothes of those who had dipri were
piled In the wagon beds. Just as
they left a man set fire to (he things,
but the fire went out without burn-
ing much of the bedding.
That evening a raiding hand of
Comanches rode up with a whoop,
""hey jerked the quilts out. I saw
one paint-smeared hiKk gi'.e a war
riance with an Irish main quilt
wrapped around him. It seemed
pie surveyed the 35th parallel for
•he United State,? government In
1851. Years later I was to feel the
ground quiver and see iron mon-
sters on this line that Captain mark-
ed. He made drawings of the writ-
ings and pictographs cut, on my riv-
[ er cliffs and questioned the Co-
; mane,he.s as to what, they meant. They
| could only guess about the pictures.
was overjoyed to learn It, was Dot
j Rabb. He said both he and his sls-
| ter had been ransomed by their
father. Dot, marie mv land his home
until his death In 1938, and we often
talked about Indian times.
. . .
The buffalo hunters, who killed
the shaggy animal.', for their hide.-.
j onel MacKenzle, coming from Fort
Richardson, In Jack County, and
came to me mostly from 1870 to '78.
General Nelfon A. Miles, moving
from Fort Leavenworth, Kans.,
while Colonel Buell hastened with
1 :ils men from Fort Sill, Okla. All
| had but one object. The Indian was
; to be subdued.
I saw few savages after the buffalo
told me the Indians had been com-
pletely routed and their horses shot
in the canyons.
With danger of Ind sns gone, the
buffalo hunters rame until the vast
herds were almost gone.
In 1876 I heard the narns oJ
m
■t^
—HDB-il ««.—
cr1;-i-
|side and wrote in a book. He de-
: scribed my Plains ns a "land of
sky and cows." I learned from him
lhat they were sorely disappointed
' and that the major party, with all
' pomp gone, were returning to the
Indian village of Tlguez, while this
band of 30 of the strongest men was
! pushing on, still hoping for quivira,
It saddened me when the men
talked of the city of gold and tur-
quoise further on. I knew no such
land w s near. Later the birds told
me Coronado turned back to Tiguez
with no gold.
One man who was with Coronado,
; the Fray Juan de Padillo, still lives
in m, memory. I saw the beautiful
I gleam In his eye as the cross was
I a party from Santa Fo went the t
entire length of my river as they !
| explored my country.
As years passed I learned that the j
Pueblo Indians were building homes
and raising grain closer to me.
I Sometimes these Indians crossed my j
; way, but they feared my Plains j
1 where water was scarce.
It made by blood boil when I heard
in 1715 that the Faron and other
Indian tribes were swooping down
| on the Pueblo homes north of me
and stealing the grain Just after it
. had been harvested. I was not sur-
: prised In September when Hurtado
and a band of soldiers followed my
river as they hunted the Farones,
I who had stolen tht grain at Pecos.
Of the Panhandle-Plains
By CHARLES RENFROE
The high tableland of (he Llano Estacado haajong been (he stage for thr drama
of forgotten races. Across its level plains has been enacted bits of history that will
never be written. Ancient Folsom man fought with elephant and ground sloths on
the shores of streams long buried beneath a blanket of sediment from the Rocky
Mountains. Later, a strange mysterious race came to the Panhandle and built huge
communal houses. From the North swept Comanche and Kiowa, the most expert
horsemen of the Plains Indians. Apache-and Cheyenne hunted buffalo and fought
white hunters who had begun their work of despoiling the land.
Today, countless days of I
wind and rain have covered j with the bones of extinct animals dune areas are the remnants of
many of the signs and habi- on or n^r the Llano Estacado in-;old „|ream beds. They mdtcat
). • .% . 1 /lleolo tliaf flila rPrrinn no o Mm
at ions ot ancient man
< h e Panhandle,
archaeologists by
Trained
painstak-
in t dlcate that this region was the,
I center for the so-called Folsom cul- I pcrio(1 of KrPBt Palpitation, then
ing work have gradually | the last glacial epoch.
built up a picture of life as Folsom man (so-called because
it. was during pro-Spanish 1 ''^evidences of his existence were
,, , ... 1 1 found at Folsom, N. M.) lived along
ture, a group of roving hunters Ia gradual drying up, later a chain
j who may have lived here during j of lakes and finally wind erosion
piling stream sediment Into dunes.
In these dune areas are found
specialized points known as Folsom
points. They are found elsewhere
in the Panhandle but they seem to
center In this area. The outstand-
ing peculiarity about these points
Is that, they exhibit the removal
of a longltudal groove along the
face of the point. This type of
flint workmanship required a high
degree of skill. No modern man
has ever been able to equal the Fol-
.. ,. ,, som points, although a great many
discovery of 1 n Dallam County are the result of | oth„ t of cycrIlont polnta Bre
chipped flint articles of a highly the drying up of old drainage chan-j
association ncls. The "blow-outs" around the | (Continued on Page 4)
1 . 1i* 1 Tt 1 1 ; IU1IUU Uli i UliiUHl, . 1V1./ ilVrll H11)11L
(Iclja on the High 1 lams. 11' j tlie shores of prehistoric streams
IS a patch-work picture with : and lakes. Drainage off the Rockies
many gaps and distortions I into tile Llino was more extensive
but each succeeding voar I r!l"! ,r> llPavlrr rainfall and warmer
brines the ni, lure into a dima,e' uddrn' TrXi,''i KrolnK'st.
"HikS ine picture into ft says that the Brazos River headed
Clearer IOCUS. along the flanks of the New Mexico
Recent research has shown that mountains during post-glacial times.
man has lived longer In the new
It Is thought that the sand dunes
world than had previously been | found near Muleshoe, Clovls and
acknowledged. The
chipped flint
specialized nature In
hoof beats continuously for over
three days and nights as only one
herd passed. There was something
awesome In the sweep of the herd. [
It seemed as If a black, rolling I
cloud was on the ground with hoof j
beats sounding as thunder and j
ground quiver showing the force of
wind.
There were others than the buf- i
falo and the Indians over my way.
In 1820 Major Stephen H. Long j
followed my Canadian with an ex- j
ploring party until he reached the j
Arkansas, but he thought he was on !
the Red. Dr. Edwin James, who wa.s 1
with Long, afterwards wrote that
the, scarcity of wood and water on
my lands would prove a serious ob-
stacle to settling my country.
I saw my first wagon train In
183.9 when Josiah Gregg and his 34
men of seven nationalities decided
they could find a shorter route by
coming up my river with their car-
avan of $25,000 worth of merchandise
for trade In New Mexico.
As they camped I learned that
the escort of United States soldiers
had left them only a few days he-
fore and that they feared the In-
dians. Some argued the party was
lost. Josiah Gregg spread a crude
map by my side and studied it. He
said that Tabba Ouena (Big Eagle) |
had drawn the map as he pointed
out the best way to cross the Plains.
Josiah declared the map had proved j
accurate and he intended to follow
it. I also feared Indians for this !
wagon party, and I was relieved j
when I learned the main train had
gone on by wrty of the Tucumcnri
Mountains and reached Santa Fn j
safely.
Fremont's expedition traveled west
on the Arkansas In 1845. When they j
reached the mout.h of my Canadian, j
Lieut. J. W. Abert, with a small
band, was detailed to explore my riv-
er. I have often wondered what
he thought of me.
Col. Randolph B. Marry was my
next visitor. He marked out the j
overland route from Fort Smith,
Ark., to Santa Fe in 1849. He re-
turned to my land in 1851 and ex-
plored much country, but his re-
port was unfavorable for homes.
Marcy had hardly passed on his
first trip when a caravan of Forty-
niners came my way. This was the
first white women and children to
come to me. The women's voices
were soft and I loved the boys and
girls as they ran back and forth
Inside the circle formed bv the
wagons. A few ventured out and
over a hill, but the caution, "This is
Indian country." called them back.
I listened to the camp fire talk. I
learned that from many ways cara-
vans were crossing the continent to
seek gold. This band had chosen
my way because there were fewer
mountains and less snow. They said
I gave them at least two more
months of open weather.
Many caravans passed my way
after that.
One mid-morning a band came to
my river and circled for ramp. I
felt a premonition of danger. The
men looked so grim and the women
appeared tight lipped. The rhildrrn
were quiet, There was 110 laughter.
Time and again I saw women glance
with stark fear at a certain wagon.
About 3 o'clock in the afternoon a
tired woman climbed out of this
w vgon. Hope was dead as she said,
"It's all over." Women cast their
own fear aside as they comforted
her, but even as they placed their
arms about her, she stiffened In
pain. Tt. was then I heard the word
CHOLERA. I saw hope die again
and again. Men dug narrow graves;
some collapsed as they dug. Women
smothered their own cries as they
nursed the sick. I heard many pray-
ers. I felt the faith that clings
and finds strength In a God that
cares, as strong men and women
fought the cholera In their midst.
It seemed to me none would be
left, but a few did not get sick and
terrible to me. The Indians rode on
the next morning, but they were
soon back by my water, and cholera
was with them. There was much
death among the. Comanches that
fall. I feared my very air was poi-
soned, but the winds and snows puri-
fied ml*.
• • •
I do nrt remember exactly, but, It
seems to me it was about this time
I heard of Robber's Roost. It horri-
I co ild have told them, but no
j one asked the trail.
j I was often troubled as the Co-
j manches passed over me now. I heard
of raids, of burning settlers' homes
j farther south. Once I saw a feath-
er d buck gloating over a scalp
with a long red hair.
It was In 1886 or '67 that the
white boy came with the Comanches
:nn a hunt. One evening he sat by
1 my side and talked it all out with
I do not know how many buffalo
were killed, but I read recently that
from five to seven million were
slain in the southern herd. I do
know that as far as I could see
across my Plains, buffalo hides were
stretched to dry.
I often witnessed horrible things,
for there was constant, fig! • be-
tween the Indians and the hunters.
From the Comanches that passed in
1874 I learned that the Cheyennes,
thL Kiowas, the Arapahoes and the
Comanches had banded together to
fight the hunters. I also heard of
Goodnight, and later the same year,
that of Bugbe*. The deer told me
that Goodnight had brought 1450
cattle branded AT and PAT to c:-
; ta.bli.sh a ranch in the Palo Duro.
They a' 1 said there were 20 well
bred DY cows that belonged to
Mrs. Goodnight ana rer brothers. .'
was interested in ail this, but I did
not see the men that year.
One day the next summer I felt a
around quiver and thought suj r v
the buffalo were returning. As the
herd swung Into sight I saw these
were not the shaggy animals that
had roamrd my Plains at will. Th^se
eons, piloted Br a man, were tail
and rangy, with wide spreading
X,v V,v
^ ^ *
-*7- -x 1-
fied me to learn that robber? had
built a strong hide-out house in my
breaks and enclosed a spring of liv-
ing water in the walls. Oh, I know
there were many robbers that preyed
on the Santa Fe traders and the
forty-niners, but I did not llks for
them to have a home or a lay-over
station near me.
A short time ago Capt.. W H
Ingerton of Amarillo told me of
finding this house years later, when
he was an LX cowboy. He said it
was so hidden by bluffs that It could
only be seen from across the river.
The mesquite had grown up so thick
when Ingerton went 'r> the house
that he could not ride his horse
through them.
After the Forty-niners, there were
more explorers. Capt. A. W. Whip-
1
' ■ .1
• -y'y-u-
-iT-
'7
1
his dog. Mv heart, ached as Dot
Babb told how the Comanches killed
his mother and topk his sister, Bank,
and himself captive in September of
1865. Dot said he hoped the hunters
would go far enough south on this
trip to give him a chance to escape.
He was disappointed, for I saw him
dejectedly riding back with the
Comanches after the hunt..
In 1906 a man that seemed fami-
liar came to me with his family. I
born3, t knew I was seeing my
first, range cattle, another Good-
night herd going to the Palo Duro
the Adobe Walls battle in nearbv
Hutchinson County, in 1874. I knew
that something must be done.
Something was done. I soon felt to form the now famous JA ranch,
the tread of marching men and saw
the beauty of the United States flag
as the wind swept the folds out over
my land. Oh, how I hoped no paint in my country. I loved the simpl"
smeared savage would drag that flag beautv of Marv Dyer Goodnight. Her
on the ground! Colonel Price led face showed the kindness that later
his soldiers over me as he came from
Fort Union, New Mexico, to join Col- I (Continued on Page J.'
Mrs. Goodnight drove one of the
supply wagons as she came with
the herd to make the first real home
Amarillo Sunday News-Globe
AMARILLO, TEXAS—GOLDEN ANNIVERSARY FniTlO!.
THIRTY-TWO PAGE3
SECTION A INDEX
ARTICLES
Page
A City Builder 4
Archaeological Histoiy 1-4
Auto Man
Buchanan Methodists 16
Car Body Shop H4
Churchman 14
City Drug Tradition 14
Court in' on Range 26-30
'92
Thriving New P'orc
Through Citv'.s File
Traffic Problems in
Triple Service
University Now
Visitor Stays
Withcrspoon Spins Wide
Pages
4
12
2.1
.. 10
30
16
. 32
Pa;
Elf
Developer
First, Dauohtcr of Plains
Five Brothers
Flowers
Freighter
Geology of Potter County
Here in Boom
Historians of the Plains .
'How John!'
I Am The Trail
Ignition Care
Indians of the Llano
Insurance History
Keeping Store
Killers of calf
loan Plan Prospers
Mumble-Peg on Range .
Needed Room
No 'While You Wait' ....
No. 8 Was Busy Phone ..
Oldest for Furniture . . .
28
23
10
22
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.. .. 30
.17-18-20
14
.... 1-2
17
14
20
23
16
12
22
12
28
20
ACOUS
Amar:
Amari
Amar
Amar
Worl
Paleontology of Panhandle 6-10
Pioneering on Farm 14
Pioneer Judge 32
Police Department 22
Protestant Church History 10
Soils of Potter County 2
Street Car System 24
Tabernacle Baptists 25-30
This edition Is fully protected by copyright and
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Great West Mi
Green Bras. Co. ..
Griffin, J. E.
Guaranty Abstract Title Co,
Herring Furniture Co
Herring Hotel
Hill, J. W. Furniture C"
Holland, Harry Men's Store .
Hoppin. Chas. Printing Co. ..
House of Wonders
Ideal Barber Beauty Shop .
KONC
Kirkpatrlck. A M
Iflmbie, C, S fi Co
Llano Cemeterv
Irfvwensterr. Hugh H
l<onc Star News Stand
Loving Printing Co.
Martin Printing Co.
McCrady. Zack Plumomg &
Morrow-Thomas Hdwc. Co.
Omlor, Joe
Panhandle Latindry
Patton The Tailor
Pinkney Packing Co.
Randall Construction Co
Ray, J
Reppcrt Lumber Co
Rittenberry. C. B
Russell, .1. T.
Russell Stationery Co
Sadler, Harlev
Silver Grill
Southwestern Printing Co
Specr Drug Co.
Star Machine Co.—Crescent Foundarv Co.
United Realty Co.
Wilkinson's Gulf Service Station
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Amarillo Sunday News-Globe (Amarillo, Tex.), Vol. 13, No. 33, Ed. 1 Sunday, August 14, 1938, newspaper, August 14, 1938; Amarillo, Texas. (https://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth299921/m1/25/: accessed April 30, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, The Portal to Texas History, https://texashistory.unt.edu; crediting Hutchinson County Library, Borger Branch.