Amarillo Sunday News-Globe (Amarillo, Tex.), Vol. 13, No. 33, Ed. 1 Sunday, August 14, 1938 Page: 57 of 264
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Now Comes the Age of Exploration; the White Man Invades the Plains
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Coronado Leads His Swarthy Spaniards on the First of Many Expeditions
"... I reached some plains so vast that I did not find their
limit anywhere that I went, although I traveled over them for
more than 300 leagues. And I found such a quantity of cows
In th ese ... that it is impossible to number them, for while I
was journeying through those plains, until I returned to where
I first found them, there was not a day that I lost sight of
♦hem."
"It was the Lord's pleasure that, after having journeyed
across these deserts seventy-seven days, I arrived at the
province they call Quivira, to which the guides were con-
ducting me, and where they had described to me houses of
stone, with many stories; and not only are they not of stone,
but of straw, and the people in them are as barbarous as all
those I have seen and passed before this. . . .
"And what I am sure of is that there is not any gold nor
any other metal in all that country, and the other things of
which they had told me are nothing but little villages. . . I
have done all that I possibly could to serve Your Majesty and
to discover a country where God Our Lord might be served,
and the royal patrimony of Your Majesty incrca:>cd, as your
loyal servant and vassal,"—Coronado in a Letter to His
King.
The Grandee and the Indian
# * *
a ceremony. Three women, each <\-tufas were square, some round : fore" again:*) th« tented camp of ed and thundered down on the be-
seated before a stone mortar, The roof were, supported bv ptne the Span arris near by Coronado wildered Indians Several of th#
and the rooms were bare evident wanted fo rail the whole leaders were trapped, but the re-
1 thine off and sent our old friend, ,,,-j w, „
. ,j„ ' mainder regained the wans as hun-
Don Garcia Lopez de Cardenas
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How
a
A*
Native of the Panhandle 400 Years
Changed the Course of History by
Leading C oronado Onto the High Plains
g°
This Ik the story of a Spanish grandee and a Texas Indian.
General Francisco Vasqnez He CnrnnaHo blazed a (rail across the
paffes of Southwest hislory as the first white man to lead an expe-
dition onto the plains of the Tanhanrile, It was probably the most
colorful expedition since the days of the Crusade*. But had it n"t
be*n for a Panhandle Indian, Identified only by a nickname, Coronado
wotild have ended his search for Gran Quivira among the disappoint-
ing Seven Cities of Cibola.
I comely wife of a prominent citi-
I zen in the largest of the villages.
| During an inspection tour he saw
the ladv a), a high window in the
village wall. With ironic wile the
Spaniard prevailed upon the lady's
husband to hold his horse while
he ostensibly went into the village
to consult an official. Instead, the
By W. S. IZZART) grandee retired to the boudoir of
It was in November of 1540 that Coronado met the hp lat1y whose husband was hold-
Turk, The general, lately up from New Spain, or Mexico, |inc hls horse-
had left his main army in the province of Cibola in Wes- Thp lady f,warrnUv rp 5 tPri hls
tern New Mexico, and with his personal staff of bearded j ££ 5V?S
anrt haughty horsemen, was conducting' a personal tour of trusion. it, is written that coro-
the, provinces along the Rio Grande in the vicinity of nf<do at least made a display of
! finding and punishing the offender.
The lady's husband, accompanied
by several town officials, railed on
Coronado in his tent. The general
summoned together his captains
and other soldiers who had been
out that day, and asked the hus-
band if he could pick out the cul-
prit. He could not, because, as
Coronado's chronicler explains, ths
grandee apparently had chaneed
clothes to foil such an attempt. Th
husband did identify the horse—•
having held it so long—but its
owner denied vehemently that he
was the offender. So Coronado
sent the Indians home, and turned
to other matters.
But the Indians were aroused.
The following day the Spaniards in
Coronado's camp were startled by
the screaming of a loyal Indian
slave who had been guarding the
horses. The slave brought dis-
sratterod 011 both sides~of the ! Ti«UPZ he sent Alvarado" and "the : (,"ipUr"t new' A raidlnE
Rio Grande about where Ber-1 cicuye to claim some jfrnm ,hP main TiBUCZ villRgfi ha<1
nalillo is situated. He found
sion that they merely were admit-
ting defeat. Consequently he or-
dered 200 stakes set in the, ground,
and the. Indians bound and made
ready for burning. These arrange-
ments were well under way before
(he slow-witted Tiguez captives
realized what was happening. Per-
haps half of them had been bound
to the stakes when the remainder
broke from their captives in a near-
by tent. While their comrades
burned, they made a dash for free-
dom. Some were shot and hacked
down on the spot, while others
were ridden down by mounted
Spaniards. Not, a man escaped.
That night it snowed. And the
sullen Indians of Tiguez withdrew
within their walls determined to
organize against the invaders. Cor-
ground at the same time, the first j
breaking the corn, the ser.ond grind-
ing it, into coarse meal, and the j furnishings. Usually a ledge ex-
third into fine meal. A man would i tended around the w :! a. a seat or
Some estufas were large
enough "for a game of ball." Others i
were less pretention" Not only did
the estufas serve as quarters for
the younger men, but also as council I
chambers Women never entered
the estufas except, to hrins food to
sit at the door playing a fife-like j bench.
instrument, and the women would
sing and grind to the rhythm of !
the music.
Bread and cakes made from corn j
meal and water, pinon nuts, and
game, particularly fowl and deer,
provided the main diet for Tiguez.
The grain was sown In fields i
sometimes far removed from the j
villages, but cultivation was not
practiced. The usual method was
to sow the seed in the late winter
or early spring, so that the snow j
would cover it. It would usually 1 long robes
sprout with the coming of the
first warm weather, and enough i *'■ the r
would grow to provide a sufficient
harvest. It is recorded that at pvpn in the coldes
times a village would gather enough i they married.
their sons and husbands
provided by a fireplacr
the wall.
Thus the women wei
mistresses of the house
were in charge of the e
The men woie riecr-s
tt
weather. The women
The
tribe, however, wen'
Hr
thi
it was
t into
men
sin
ket,-.
m in cold
'ore robes
iris of the
unclothed,
weather, until
onado apparently had had enough.; grain for seven years, and that I The tribe practiced a :mple re-
There was nothing he could gain by ' there would be enough left over In I ligion, with preachers among the
with 30 men to t.he main village for i
a heart-to-heart talk with Juan
Aleman. But Juan was justifiably
suspicions. He talked to Lopez
from the wall and suggested that if
the good Don would dismount and
leave his company behind and ap-
proach the entrance, he would
come out and talk about peace.
Lopez did so. but two horsemen fol-
lowed a), a respectful distance .lust
in ca.,e Juan Aleman and two
other officials came forth, and as
they met, the wily Juan threw his
arms about Lopez and pinioned his
arms His two companions then
produced war clubs from beneath
their robes, and belabored the hel-
meted head of the Spaniard until
the two alert horsemen who had
ridden close ,'iashed up and res-
cued him. Although Lopez was
the worse for his encounter.
dreds of their fetiow cltizena
cheered them from the roof-tops.
little
The doubtful su
mish encouraged
hts entire army
occupied villages,
scaling ladders, th
nique with whlc)
miliar In the old
advanced, upon tl
walieri towns A
Indian showed 1
Spaniards bad de
about the
the ladders. Si
companiment
cries, tons of :
arrows descend
Spaniards fell
hailstorm. Ha
dra cging
"cess of this sklr-
Coronado to lead
against the two
Equipped with
e tools
1 they
IlPC
present-flay Albuquerque and Bernalillo. Spaniards were
scattered throughout the country. Behind Coronado in
the villages of Cibola was his main army under the com-
mand of Don Tristan de Arellano, which had trailed the
scouting expedition up from Sonora, Mexico, Before him
were two of his captains with small parties of soldiers,
sent out to pave the way among the populous villages on
the Rio Grande and Pecos for the coming of the expedition.
First, he had sent Hernando de Alvarado to explore re-
ports he had received concerning the villages of Tiguez
Cicuye and others. Then he sent Don Garcia Lope/, de
Cardenas with a company of men to Tiguez to make' ar-
rangements for a winter camp when the main army'should
catch up.
Thus Spanish horsemen were no novelty to the villagers
when Coronado rode into Tiguez ihat wintry day in No-
vember.
He made camp just out-
side the. main village—there
were 12 villages in the group,
on the slx-
lages, and brought
week sirgp.
Shortly after Coronado arrived at
there both of his captains,
Alvarado and Lopez. Al-
varado had just returned
from Cicuye, five days to
the, southwest on the Pecos
River. And he brought with
him an Indian he called
"the Turk."
The simple explanation of this
nickname, given in records of the
Coronado expedition, is that the In-
dian looked like a Turk. Probably
he wore a cloth about, his head In
Turkish fashion And besides, the
Spaniards had given up by this time
trying to pronounce the names of
the Indians.
The Turk was a slave of the
Cicuye Indians. He had been cap-
tured "in the country toward Flori-
da, which had been discovered by
Fernando de Soto.'' Now Florida Is
east of New Mexico, and so Is the
Panhandle of Texas; and In the
Jis:ht of what, happened later, it Is
probable that the Turk was a mem-
ber of the Querechos or Teyas tribes
which inhabited the South Plains
of what is now the Panhandle of
Texas.
The first night that, Coronado was
ramped outside of Tiguez, Alvarado
fame to his tent for a conference
concerning what the Turk had told
him.
"He tells me," Alvarado began,
"thai there is a river in his country
to the east of us which is two
leagues wide, with fish in it as big
as horses. Great lords travel on
this river In huge canoes, with sails
and 20 rowers on each side. The
lords sit on the poop under awn-
Ings. and on the prow of each boat
1 a golden eagle. These lords take
their siestas under trees on the
branches of which arc hung tiny
golden bells that, make music for
them as they doze. The people of
country eat their meals on
gold bracelets the Turk insisted the
Cicuye Indians had taken from
him. The bracelet story was cut,
from the same cloth as the Turk's
yarn about, the kingdom of gold, and
the solemn Cicuye officials didn't
know what Alvarado was talking
about. So with typical Spanish In-
genuity, Alvardo lured to his tent
a moustachioed military leader
whom he called Whiskers, and the
aged governor of the village whom
he neglected to name, and put them j
killed another guard and was driv-
ing the horses toward the villages.
Coronado sent a party In pursuit,
more to save the horses than to
punish the raiders. Many of ths
horses were collected, but. the In-
dians succeeded in capturing *
small herd of them, to say nothing
of seven of the general's very best
mules.
The next day Don Garcia Lopea
de Cardenas was sent, to the vil-
lages to see what he could do to-
of a tech-
were fa-
ountry, the army
e nearest of the
iparently not an
imself until the
and had placed
enly, to the ac-
biood - chilling
cs and clouds of
upon them. The
e sparrows In a
/ they retreated,
wounded with them.
Dozens were knocked senseless try
the rocks, and at least a hundred
were wounded by the arrows Sev-
eral of these unfortunates died
within the next few days because
of clumsy medical treatment in
camp.
This was only the beginning of *
series of attacks and skirmishes,
the score alternating between Span-
iards and the Indians.
But an Implacable enemy was
working from within against 'R.6
Tiguez cause. I was thirst. Al-
fie'igh plenty of food was stored
In the villages, there was little wa-
ter. The Indians tried to dig a
ve! inside one of the towns, but it
caved in and killed 30 of them.
Two hunderd others had died in
The Spaniards, too,
men. Including some
important grandees,
were Francisco de
the fighting,
has lost many
of the most
Among them
Obando and Frar
Indians dragged
former into tht
tragedy in the
devout Spaniard:
tlan burial was
Along toward
in chains. Then he set out again on i ward eating the horses back,
the return trip across the valley to
Tiguez with his hostages.
He
'The Turk' points the way to Quivira.
Drawing by Norman Price courtesy Post Cereals,
this
wrought plate, and drink from bowls
of pure gold."
Now Coronado had launched his
expedition for gold. The cities of
Cibola had proved to be nothing
but thriving pueblos of industrious
agricultural Indians. So it was
natural that the Turk's story was
given some credence. Tlie evi-
dence of wealth had been strong
enough to lure this band of swarthy
Spanish gentlemen from New Spain
to the wilderness of the north; and
Now the Tiguez and Cicuye In-
dians were not bosom friends, but
the Tiguez tribes nevertheless re-
sented the seisure of the old men
of the Cicuye. There were mur-
murlngs In the estufa council meet-
ings, but nothing was done at the
time. Then Coronado issued an-
other order. It was winter and the
cloaks of his soldiers were wear- i
irg thin. Blanket* and warm cloth- j
Ing to go under the armor of his
horsemen were needed. So he sum-
moned a sub-chief of the main
Tiguez village with whom he had
had previous dealings. Impatient
with Indian names, the Spaniards
called :his official Juan Aleman. be-
cause he looked like a man named
•Juan Aleman that Coronado's gen-
tlemen soldiers knew hack home.
"I need at least 300 pieces of
cloth, and I need them now." Cor-
onado told Juan Aleman. "I want
you to get them for me from among
your people."
But Juan Aleman demurred.
"That's beyond my authority," he
told Coronado by sign language
through an interpreter. "You'd
better go to the governors of the
various villages, and make your de-
mands separately of them."
So Coronado called In a group
of his captains and told them to
| divide the 12 villages among them,
take some soldiers, and collect all
the cloth and blankets they could
lay thf r hands on.
So the Spaniards, In the true
spirit of the looting conquistadores,
Invaded the villages and demanded
cloth. Rough and Impatient,, they
refused to take time to talk It over,
and the frightened Indians were
forced to take the cloaks from their
backs, and the blankets from their
beds, and turn them over to the
glowering Spaniards. Naturally
found the entrances closed with ; continuing the warfare. The weath- ! the fields to nourish flocks of wild
heavy palisades, and Inside one of er was cold ;the men used to warm- /owl that, abounded there,
the towns a terrific commotion was ; er climes. He was eager to make I __
, , , , , , The men wove fabric of cotton
going on. Tile Spaniards squinted arrangements for his expedition Into
through the palings and found the the Turk's country. But two things
Indians chasing the captured j happened.
horses about the inner court, shoot- i First envoys of good will sent
ing arrows at them and dodging make peace with the Tiguez In-
elders, but no sort, of human sac-
rifice was involved.
Thus Coronado found himself in
the midst of a simple, industrious,
that grew sparsely near by, tanned ; moraI people that cold winter of
out of their way, much as in a
bullfight. Lopez waited until things
quieted down, and finally learned
that the Indians were in war re-
galia and fighting mood, and that
| there was nothing to be done but
return and report the state of af-
fairs to Coronado.
The general ordered I/ipez to take
all the soldiers available and sur-
round the largest of the villages,
the one in which the affair of the
Indian woman had taken place.
Coronado selected several of his
mo t, trustworthy captains and led j
an assault on tne walls, as Lopez's ;
troops deployed to cut off all ave- I
nues of escape. A group of Span-
iards gained the rooftops of the
village, the outside walls of the
eather, and turned out pottery,
i while the women prepared the food
| and reared the children.
The Tiguez Indians were gov-
erned by the old men of the tribe.
Monogamy was practiced, mar-
j riages being arranged by the coun-
; cil of elders. A man was required
to spin and weave a blanket and
j iay it before the woman of his
; choice, before he could marry.
dians returned with news that the
natives were in a nasty mood, and
trouble was afoot. And second, the
main armv arrived from Cibola,
spoiling for a fight.
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The story of the two-month
siege, which began late in January.
and extended to the end of Mr.rch I The voung men lived in estufas.
—two snowy, wintry months-is one 1'arge underground or partially tin-
of impatience and exasperation on
i derground rooms built into the
houses forming the vollage fortifi
the part of the Spaniards, and de- j courtyard, and reached by a ladder
termined opposition in the face of ,
' privation by the Indians.
' The community or "Province" of
Tifiuez was a group of 12 villages |
along the hanks of the Rio Grande
a short distance north of the pres- [
ent. town of Bernalillo. Here the |
valley is about Seven miles across,
1540 when he camped in the thriv-
ing province of Tiguez, with its 12
villages at the for of the moun-
tains and along the banks of the
Rio Grande. And it was these
peaceful people that Coronado was
bound to subjugate before he broke
ramp and headed eastward on the
trail of elusive Quivira.
t • •
The siege got off to a poor start
on both sides. It had snoweu
heavily, and was bitter cold. The
Spaniards could not attack the bare
walls of th* villages easily, and the
Indians found little incentive to
some of the other Spaniards were
sorely wounded by a shower of ar-
rows from the roof-top a ~ they
rod" up to bear away their stunned
captain.
In spite of this poor becinninp,
Lopez did not cive up. He rode away
to a second \'illagc practically the
entire citizenship of Tiguez hav-
ing gathered in these two villages
for the siege Here h^ and his
men were met with war cries and
showers of arrows. So the ar-
mored Spaniards turned and rode
slowly away, as though retreating.
The trick worked. Out onto the
snowy plains poured the men of
the village firm in the belief they
had the invaders on the run. Sud-
denly the swarthy horsemen wheel-
nsco Pobarcs. The
the body of the
ir village, a real
eves of the more
to whom a Chrin-
essential.
he end of the 50-
dav siege, the Indians of one of the
occupied villages sent an emissary
to Coronado asking safe-conduct for
the women and children, who were
suffering from thirst, Hp agreed,
and sent Don Lop<^ de Urrea to
receive them. About a hundred
women and small bo; - filed from
the village, and Lope called
to the men on the roof-tops to sur-
render, giving them every assur-
ance of safet- . But the memory of
their fellow Indians being burned
at the stake after surrendering on
promise of safe conduct was still
fresh, and th^y Jeered Don Lope.
Still he pleaded with them, until
one daring Indian planted a
swishing arrow in the ground be-
tween the forefeet, of hts horse.
Then he turned and rode back to
the ranks of horsemen drawn up
at a distance. As
reached them, a clou
came whistling from
Tiguez, and the bat
again.
The end came sudder
weeks later. The Sj
had split, one companv under the
f Captain Don Diego de
ving siege to one of the
r! villages, and the other
■>mmandcd bv Don Rod-
soon
as he
of arrows
e walls of
was on
about two
lish army
command
Guevara
two forti!
company,
lied on Page
Amarillo Sunday News-Globe
AM A R IT.!. O, TEXAP— GOLDEN ANNIVERSARY EDITION, 193H.
and is flanked on the east by the ,
cations, and for a full day and night, 1 ",lu „:",J
Bernalillo mountain
and part of the following day,
range.
of the villages were back
with nr. «# /-. i i this caused resentment among the
' 1,1 nn t'«ce of Quivira among *
the pueblos of New Mexico, It must " ...
Jtist^lUfnln r>f!1'0n ^ iv. Another Incident with the flavor
re'eos rIv"!- a^T headed""eastward *R—h">
onto ,hP great Staked Plains, he I ^"U '.'V*
was fared with an uprising of the;. ' . I ' _
Tisnie?! tribe, and his first major | 1 "
military engagement among the
whom the
discreetly refrain from
naming, became enamored of the
Some |
sniped at the Indians inside with j V^^he^'Mong Th^riv^ i
cross-bow and musket. Several ' ' „ .i,mii,c«,.r iiip'
, , ... , 4 , I To the north some 18 miles were me
soldiers who had ventured too close . rm4 . v anH thr
,, .I, . sovrn villages of Quirix. ana to inr*
to the walls were wounded bv show- . * tnn
, , , hi northeast something over mues
ers of Indian arrows from within ■ 111
i _ n-nc the province of Hemes
the houses. Finally a group of I w v
horsemen and loyal Indians from
New Spain conceived the idea of
smoking out the men of Tiguez.
Just how they planted the fires Is
not told, but about 200 Indians
came pouring out of the under-
ground reremon|al chambers,
coughing and spitting, and crying
surrender.
Only two captains had remained
on the roof-tops, and they signalled
to the Indians to lay down their
arms and surrender, and receive
pardon. This the men of Tiguez
did. They were then taken to the
tent of Don Garcia, in command
under Coronado, to make their
surrender formal.
Now what, happened next Is ex-
plained naively by Coronado's
mistake.
SECTION B
N D E X
ARTICLES
THIRTY-TWO PAGE3
Pa:
Academy
Accounting
Ace Producer
African Church
with
eight villages. To the southeast was j
the province of Tutahac.o,, while;
only 10 miles to the northeast was j
a small Pueblo called Picuris. |
The villages of Tiguez. and those : ^
of neighboring ^mmumlies ^ero anf( pot(€r Srhool
much the same in appearance, but History
differing In size. The houses, ! A rjllo rop„]ai,ml
usually four stories high, were «- j Amb«ion Pays
ranged in a crude circle or rert,- Api,rhf,^ Plague Explorers ..
angle, and opened onto a central Automotive
court-yard. Thus they presented gii-y^ay. Too
a nearly solid wall to outsiders, with | ;Riaci{ie the Bear
only an occasional window looking • Branching Out ...
out onto the plains and mountains, j BrPa(j jn the Making
An overhanging walk-way, sup- j on Faith
ported by pine pillars, served each J Bush]find Baptist Church ..
story, in some cases, or Just, the Business Study ...
second and third stories In others, : cafe Man Wins
and cave the effect, frnm the captain Ma rev. Explorer ....
courtyard, of balconies running | Cattle That. Talked
9
22
. if
. 15
23
26
.18'
know that the Indians had received
pardon. He was under the impres-
[ New Mexico Indians developed Into
a long and wintry siege of the 12
villages on the Rio Grande.
• • ♦
The siege of Tiguez is memorable,
j In that it, was the first major
conflict, belween the while con-
I mirror* and the Red Man of the
j Southwest, brought on by perfidy
Iff the whiles. Prom Coronado at
iTigurz to McKenzle on the Tule,
Ithe subjugation of the Southwestern
pndian is the story of one broken
|treaty after another.
for it was a broken treaty fol-
Dowe(| by a ma., acre of 200 Indians
Ihat drove the Tiguez tribesmen be-
hind the 'dobc walls of their vil-
intended to be a nnr-
AUTHOR'S NOTE
lln*; .mount of Coronado's Journey to Quivira
rative of lln* colorful expedition tiniiitrimpted bv controversy or tedious
references f«> source material. After carefvi inal.Vsis of tlie various claims
concerning Coronado's course from the Kio lirnnde in New Mexico. I am
convinced that the route outlined bv David iionoRhue. i practical Texas
geologist. in "The Southwestern Historical Quarterly." WVII. 181-192
(January. is the most nearly accurate. Mr. Donoghue, basing his claims
on the topographical features described In the various accounts of the
Journey, is convinced that Coronado never left the llano Fstacadn. or
Slaked Plains, in traveling from the I'ccos Itiver to Quivira and hack Other
historians have taken him as far south as Waco. Tex.; as far east as Arkansas,
and as far north as Missouri and Nebraska.
I. myself, have hern through most of the country described in the
original accounts, and I cannot understand now anyone thoroughly ar-
quainted with the topographic features of the Panhandle can doubt the
liouoghue report. This version Is accepted bv I>r. Carlos f Casteneda of
the University of Texas, one of the later Coronado historian-
The source of the most of the information in this narrative is that
from which practically all Coronado historians t'raw—CJeorge p.nkei Win-
ship's translations of the narrative of Pedro de Ca teneda. official historian
of the evpedition; two of Coronado's own letter*: the "Relacion rtr| .Sncpvo;"
tbe narrative of laramillo: the report of Hernando de Alvarado, and the
"lranslado de. las Ntievaj."—W. ft. 1,
chronicler as an honest 'V'. ^'V I ro.nnietcly around the inside of the city Rough and Ready .
Don Garcia, he writes, did not | Th^c balconies were used city Zoning and Planning .
thoroughfares for all the vil-! College, 1R97 ...
lagers, and also as places of refuge Cow Puncher to Postmaster
when the village was attacked. Be-| Custom Mill
siegers could not reach those in- j Dates and Dollars
side with arrows or rocks as long ! Design Signs
as the villagers remained beneath | Drama on Polk St.ieet ....
the balconies. 1 ^ WMkers
The houses were reached by lad- ; Ex-Tre Skater
riers from the inner court, and
sometimes, as when the villagers
were working in the fields, by lad-
ders from the outside.
Men, women and children worked
together to build these structures.
The women mixed the adobe while
the men cut and hewed timbers for
the framework.
Separate houses, or rooms, were
maintained for grinding (train, a
ta- k which assumed the dignity of i
Home Builder
Hurt-ado Expedition
Ink in Veins
Knight, of the PO's
Lean Gets pat,
Lone Prairie Graves
Lost His Job
Magnetic Polk
Makes History
23 Murder in the Palo Duro ....
3 Music in Dugout
R Never Rains ,
14 Never Turned Hungry Away..
20 New Business
fi New Church
8 New College .
24 Newsman Stays
10 News Vendor
lfi No Delav Here
2fi Not Panicky
32 Pay Dividends
25 Pi stle Artist
25 Pioneer MerrJtant
12 Pioneer Penwomati
lfi A Plains Hunter
27 Post Holes to Print Shop
10 Radiral Move
24 Ranch Hunters
21 Range Girl
28 Rapid Rise
Early School
Father and Sons. Printers ...
Find Amarillo
Fine Linens
Furniture. Too
G. O. P Pioneer
Glad He Lit
Government of City
The Grandee and the Indian
Grows Fast
Gun-Toting IlloRal
. 23
6
. 14
8
. 10
28
0
• 2>
8
. 29
. 32
15
1.2 4 ,fi
24
0
Rid in' for Fun
Rubbi i Stamps
Serum 1 > the World
Stiff Collars
St. Mary's ..
Texan—Santa Fe Expedition
Timely Work
Turned Away
t'ncle ,leff Rides Again
Woman Leads
ADVERTISING
Adelmann-Plakemore 24
Adkisson Hatchery 10
24
24
32
29
15
26
32
6
20
29
32
21
6
25
16
12
26
16
32
it;
ri
14
30
30
17
28
20
10
27
24
29
27
fl
27
25
17
on
30
31
8
Amarillo Band HnM'-e
Amarillo Rook P • de: '
Amarillo College of Music
Amarillo Lumber and Supply
Co
Amarillo Paper Co
Amarillo Printing Cr>
Amarillo Shoe Hospital
Amarillo Towel Service
Amarillo Tvpographical t'nio:
American ripe A,- dunk Cnrp
American Smelting <fc Re-
fining Co
Anslev s
The Archer Co
B A* M Cleaners and Dyers
Baker Furniture C".
Barton's Grocery Market .,
Bell Tailoring Co
Benham Adjustment Co
Britain, Roy M,
C. A- C. Fruit A- Produce
Capitol and Qim itv Liquor
Stores .... .... ...
Carlton-Florey
City Cleaners Hatter,
Corner Drug
Crane, Doc
Dickson Drug Co.
Dixie Dice School of Dancin
Dr. Pepper Amarillo Bottling
Co
Durham, W. N., Appliance
Co
Eberstadt. A
Edwards Studio
Elliott-Greer Co
The First National Bank
Foxworth -Galbraith Lumber
Co,
Franklin, O. M., Serum Co...
Frost Motor Co
Oilvin fc Oilvin
Green, Chas. A
Pai
Mc
11
'Damrl
- Or
riway-E
■ ' Pa
lacr M
■fi
lo Dun
Fa
nhartdl
S Pa
nhanril
1 rn
tter Or
' Pr:
i cr Me i
Paper
Stat
Bid
■ I oan A.v n
Display Co.
New-
24
32
6
13
2
5
25
15
M .
.. C(
Hear
on Seer
(
In.
M. Ar, M
"0.
Comp
XT. s. Cafe
United States Fire In-
Van Shaw W H
Wagoner, Art, L, and Ray ....
Watts, Murry, Stud.o
Wells. L. A .
West Texas State College .....
Western Stock Yards
White &■ Kirk
Wooldridge, J. c„ Lumber Co.
Wright Printing Co
20
30
14
OR
?A
13
23
32
29
18
15
9
20
10
26
21
31
28
30
23
9
2
21
11
28
3
fi
27
Tills edition is fully protected by cop:right and nothing Ihat appears in it may be reprinted, either whoi or in part, without special pcur,. sion.
'* i
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Amarillo Sunday News-Globe (Amarillo, Tex.), Vol. 13, No. 33, Ed. 1 Sunday, August 14, 1938, newspaper, August 14, 1938; Amarillo, Texas. (https://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth299921/m1/57/: accessed April 30, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, The Portal to Texas History, https://texashistory.unt.edu; crediting Hutchinson County Library, Borger Branch.