1927 The Texas Almanac and State Industrial Guide Page: 229
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THE TEXAS ALMANAC. 229
is found in many parts of Texas, and
there are six large operating plants, two
being situated at Dallas, and one each at
Houston, Fort Worth, San Antonio and
El Paso. There has been a rapid increase
in the demand for and the manufacture of
cement in Texas during the last ten
years.
Cotton Goods.-See separate article on
"Cotton Mills."
Cottonseed Oil and Cake.-This is the
second ranking industry of Texas on
basis of value of products. The last cen-
sus Iisted 162 operating plants within the
census classification, with total value of
products amounting to more than $60,000,-
000. It is widely distributed; Dallas is
said to be the largest 'cottonseed manu-
facturing center in the world. A note-
worthy recent development is the refining
of the crude oil, production of highly
finished food products and the manufac-
ture of various by-products.
Flour and Grist Mill Products.-Texas
produces excellent qualities of both hard
and soft wheat, the former being adapt-
able-to making bread while the latter is
more used in manufacture of flour for
biscuit and pastry. It is estimated that
something like three-fourths of the
Texas wheat production is -consumed in
Texas mills; in fact, Texas mills take
most of the better quality Texas wheat,
and import some wheat from other States,
the lower qualities of Texas wheat fre-
quently being exported to foreign coun-
tries. Texas mills produce most of the
flour consumed in this State and some of
the larger mills do an export business.
This industry is widespread, some of the
larger mills being situated at Sherman,
Dallas, Wichita Falls, Fort Worth, San
Antonio, Houston and New Braunfels. The
last census showed 116 operating mills
each producing more than $5,000 annually
and the total for the State was $40,044,173.
Furniture.-Texas has a large supply of
hardwood, including gum, ash and a va-
riety of oak, and there is a developing
furniture and fixture industry. These fac-
tories are located largely in the forest
section of East Texas and in the cities in
the central part of the State. However,
Texas still brings in from other States
mcst of its furniture and fixtures, and
there is a market for great expansion as
well as inexhaustible raw materials.
Glass.-Texas has the great deposits of
silica for glass making and an abundant
supply of gas for fuel, and there is reason
to look to the expansion of this business.
The glass manufacturing industries of the
State are located at Wichita Falls, Tex-
arkana and Three Rivers.
Leather.-Though probably the United
States' greatest producer of hides, Texas
has not developed a large leather and
tanning industry. There are several
plants, the principal establishment being
located at Yoakum. There is a large man-
ufacture of harness, saddlery and other
leather goods at Dallas, Waco and other
points.
I umber.-The manufacture of lumber
was the first large industry developed in
Texas. The annual production is about
one and one-half billion board-feet at
present, most of it being from pine. The
last census listed 218 operating mills
within the census classification, but there
are about 900 sawmills, including port-
ables, operating in the timbered section
of East Texas. In addition to mills turn-ing out raw lumber there are more than
100 planing mills not connected with saw-
mills. The total production of lumber, not
including planing mill products, is more
than $50,000,000 annually.
Mattresses and Bedding.-This is an-
other cotton industry of importance.
Fifty-two mattress factories were listed
by the last census. At Sugarland is lo-
cated one of the largest in the United
States.
Paper.-There are several pulp and pa-
per mills operating in Texas, the largest
being located at Orange, manufacturing
paper from pine. Newsprint is not man-
ufactured from Texas timbers, but ex-
,cellent grades of a variety of other pa-
pers are made.
Petroleum Refining.-This is the lead-
ing industry of Texas, and comparison of
census figures (see table, Texas Manu-
facturing by -Industries) of the census of
1919 with those of 1923 shows a large
increase. Number of listed operating
plants Jumped from thirty-nine to sixty-
nine, number of wage-earners from 8,244
to 11,586 and value of products from
$241,757,313 to $344,586,806. The largest
refineries in the State are located at the
pipe line terminals on the coast, including
Pert Arthur, Beaumont and Houston, but
there are some large establishments in
the upper sections of the -State in and
adjacent to the oil fields of Central, North
Central and West Texas. The develop-
ment of manufacture of petroleum by-
products has been noticeable during re-
cent years.
Printing and Publishing.-This is one
of the major industries of Texas with
more than 600 establishments listed by
the Census Bureau and with products
valued at more than $33,000,000. It is
the most widely distributed of all Texas
industries, the largest volume of produc-
tion coming from Dallas, Houston, Fort
Worth and San Antonio.
Sat.-There are many valuable salt de-
posits and salines in Texas. Two large
plants have been in operation for a num-
ber of years, at Grand Saline in' Van
Zandt County and PWalestine, and a plant
was recently established near Houston.
(See "Salt" in chapter on Minerals.)
Slaughtering and Meat Paeking.-This
is the third ranking industry in Texas on
basis of value of products. The census of
1923 listed twenty-six plants with total
products of more than $58,000,000 and
with 3,753 wage-earners. The two largest
plants are located at Fort Worth, the
leading live stock market of the South-
west, but there are other large plants at
Dallas, San Antonio, El Paso, Houston and
Amarillo.
Smelting.--The largest custom smelter
in the world is located at El Paso, utiliz-
ing copper, silver, lead and other ores.
There is also a zinc smelting industry at
Amarillo, utilizing ores from Oklahoma
and Missouri and using gas from the
fields in the Panhandle territory. The
Census Bureau releases no figures on this
industry.
Sugar Refining.-There are two large
sugar refining plants in Texas, lo-
cated at Sugarland and Texas City. The
raw product is imported from the West
Indies. No figures are released by the
Census Bureau.
Wall Plaster, Composition Flooring and
Other Gypsum Produets.-There are valu-
able deposits of gypsum-rock gypsum
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1927 The Texas Almanac and State Industrial Guide, book, 1927~; Dallas, Texas. (https://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth123785/m1/233/: accessed April 30, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, The Portal to Texas History, https://texashistory.unt.edu; crediting Texas State Historical Association.