Texas Almanac, 1945-1946 Page: 197
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are North Central, Middle
Western and Central Texas,
covering an area from the
timber section of the east
to the base of the High
Plains and from the Red
River on the north south to
the San Antonio section.
Important varieties which
have been developed in Tex-
as include Red Rustproof,
Fulghum, Nortex and Fra-
sier. Principal diseases are
smut and leaf rust. The
Agricultural Experiment Sta-
tion at Denton is developing
resistant varieties which
may help to stabilize the in-
dustry.
The crop is usually sown
in the autumn and stands
throu h the winter as pas-
ture for stock. Winter oats
are sometimes followed by
a spring crop, but the for-
mer yields about 10 bushels
more to the acre.
Peak production year in
Texas was 1919 when 65,205.-
000 bushels were produced
from 1,863,000 acres. The
ten-year (1932-41) average
shows: acreage 1,530,000, pro-
duction 36,472,000, yield 23.6
bushels an acre. Production
in 1944 was 38,600,000 bush-
els from 1,544,000 acres.
Decrease in work stock on
farms as a result of in-
creased mechanization has
taken away some of the
market, but in recent years
production has been more in
demand as a result of ex-
tensive dairying, poultry
raising and small-scale stock
farming. Oats are particu-
larly adapted to the small
farm as a home supply of
feed for its stock. Of total
crop, about 75 per cent is
used for feed and seed on
the farm and 25 per cent
sold commercially.
Data below on Texas oat
acreage, production and
farm value are from the U. S.
Department of Agriculture:
(Figures in Thousands )
Harv'd Prod'n Farm
Year- Acres. (Bu ). Value.
1870 ...... 34 884 $884
1880 ...... 300 7,200 3,312
1890 ...... 515 10,300 5,665
1900 ...... 920 34,960 10,488
1910 ...... 530 17,225 8,096
1915 ......1,270 39,370 16,535
1920 ......1,546 38,650 25.509
1921 ......1,932 34,776 13,563
1922 ......1,488 32,736 18,005
1923 ......1,354 37,912 21,610
1924 ......1,435 43,050 25,400
1925 ......1,090 19,620 12,361
1926 ......1,679 57,086 21,693
1927 ......1,713 37,686 17,712
1928 ......1,199 26,378 13,453
1929 ......1,331 31.944 16,291
1930 ......1,264 31,600 13,272
1931......1,807 61,438 11,673
1932 ......1,825 43,800 5,694
1933 ......1,095 18,615 7,074
1934 ......1,621 37,283 16,032
1935 ......1,670 38,410 12,675
1936 ......1,219 22,550 9,697
1937 ......1,268 30.432 12,173
1938 ......1,420 36,920 9,230
1939 ......1,250 28,750 9,488
1940 ......1,651 44,577 12,927
1941 ......1,519 37,975 15,190
1942 ...... 590 11,210 6,726
1943 ......1,152 20,736 16,381
1944 .....1,544 38,600 30,108AGRICULTURAL INDUSTRIES.
GRAIN SORGHUMS
Most rapid development
among Texas crops has been
by grain sorghums. Texas
leads all states, producing
more than 50 per cent of
the nation's crop, the value
of which in Texas is ex-
ceeded only by corn and
cotton. Production of 96,-
724,000 bushels in 1944 was
an all-time record and three
times the 1933-42 average.
Grain sorghums were in-
troduced into America from
Africa and Asia from 1875
to 1885 and new introduc-
tions were made during the
first decade of this century.
Most important varieties
rown in Texas are Texas
warf Yellow milo, Texas
Blackhul Kafir, Hegari,
Early Hegari and new dwarf
combine harvesting varie-
ties, Martin Plainsman and
Caprock. New, present va-
rieties were d evel o p e d
through selection and hy-
bridization in recent years.
The crop is planted and cul-
tivated in rows similar to
corn and cotton. Planting
time is February or March
in South Texas and May
and June in Northwest
Texas. Research is under
way to combat such diseases
as pythium root rot and bac-
terial leaf spots.
In 1944 more than 75 per
cent of the crop consisted
of the dwarf combine har-
vest types because of the
saving in use of machinery
Two or three years previ-
ously acreage planted to
these types was negligible.
Grain sorghums are handled
through commercial grain
channels as are corn and
wheat, with Fort Worth
most important market in
Texas.
Of the 71,817,000 bushels
produced in Texas in 1943.
28,727,000 were used for feed
and seed and 43.090,000 were
sold. Considerable quanti-
ties have been used in recent
years in manufacture of al-
cohol and as brewers' and
distillers' grits in making
beer and liquor. The crop
is due to expand even more
as livestock increases in
Texas. Drouth-resistant va-
rieties have done much to
stabilize the economy of
West Texas. Average pro-
duction in Texas (1932-41)
was 31.243,000 bushels, aver-
age yield 14 4 per acre.
Figures below on Texas
grain sorghums are from the
Department of Agriculture:
(Figures in Thousands.)
Harv'd Prod'n Farm
Year- Acres. (Bu.). Value.
1920 ......2,675 80,250 $97,102
1921 ......2,780 75,060 30,775
1922 ...2,290 43,510 43,510
1923 ......2,385 50,085 52,589
1924 ...2,521 44,118 38,383
1925 ...3,146 42,471 32.278
1926 ...3,170 60,230 33,126
1927 ...3,310 69,510 45,181
1928 ......3,345 70,245 42,147
1929 ......3,495 43,688 30,582
1930 ......3,483 33,088 21,507Harv'd Prod'n Farm
Year- Acres. (Bu.). Value
1931 ......3,962 65,373 $16,997
1932 ......3,822 63,063 11,351
1933 ......3,201 40,012 16,405
1934 ......3,240 17,820 17,285
[935 ......4,450 60,075 27,034
1936 ......3,338 31,711 29.174
1937 ......3,271 52,336 23,551
1938 ......3,238 46,951 19,719
1939 ......3,465 38,115 21.344
1940 ......4,282 55,666 28,390
1941 ......2,839 57,976 30,727
1942......3,004 59,675 43.563
1943 ......4,357 71,817 78,999
1944 ......5,103 96,724 84,150
BARLEY
Although barley is well-
adapted to many sections of
the Southwest, it is a minor
rain crop in Texas. There
ssome production in North
Central and Northwest Tex-
as. Production jumped to
10,780,000 bushels in 1944.
Recommended varieties are
Wintex and Texan. Covered
smut is a fungus disease
which may be controlled by
dusting seed with ceresan.
Average acreage in Texas
(1932-41) was 175,000, pro-
duction 3,009.000 bushels and
yield 16 bushels an acre.
About half the Texas crop
is sold and half kept for
feed and seed. Disposition
of the 3,341,000-bushel crop
in 1943: 1.804.000 for feed
and seed, 1,537,000 sold for
$1 a bushel.
Figures below on barley
are from the U. S. Depart-
ment of Agriculture
(Figures in Thousands )
Harv'd Prod'n Farm
Year- Acres. (Bu.) Value
1900 ......... 4 96 $69
1905 ......... 5 100 66
1910 ......... 8 200 180
1915 ......... 18 450 306
1920 ......... 89 1,691 1,268
1921 ......... 98 1,862 838
1922 .........102 1,530 994
1923 .........128 2,496 1,697
1924 .........166 2,839 2.138
1925 .........116 1,160 1,044
1926 .........179 4,654 2.467
1927 .........200 2,700 1,890
1928 .........172 3,096 2,260
1929 .........194 3,744 2.321
1930 .........146 2.190 1,204
1931 .........212 4,982 1,146
1932 .........225 3,600 612
1933 .........120 1,200 528
1934 .........132 1,874 1,068
1935 ......... 99 1,485 683
1936 ......... 89 1,246 723
1937 .........107 1,766 1,007
1938 .........139 2,363 803
1939.........197 2,955 1,212
1940 .........271 4,336 1,691
1941 .........325 8,775 3,861
1942 ....... 292 4,818 2,794
1943 .........257 3,341 3,374
1944 .... 385 10,780 10.780
RICE
Rice is one of the more
stable grain industries of
Texas which usually ranks
second or third among the
four states (Arkansas.Loul-
siana, Texas and California)
which produce it.
The Texas crop is concen-
trated along the coast, with
ma or producing counties
including Wharton. Mata-
gorda, Chambers. Colorado.
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Texas Almanac, 1945-1946, book, 1945; Dallas, Texas. (https://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth117166/m1/199/: accessed May 5, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, The Portal to Texas History, https://texashistory.unt.edu; crediting Texas State Historical Association.