The Southwestern Historical Quarterly, Volume 21, July 1917 - April, 1918 Page: 275
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The Residencia in the Spanish Colonies
sew, spin and embroider without pay and the product of their
labor was confiscated by the alcalde mayor.
The audiencia and the governor, having taken note of these
charges as prescribed by law, commissioned Angel Moguel, chief
secretary of government, to conduct the residencia of the alcalde.
1 oguel was put in possession of the necessary documents and
departed at once for Vigin, the chief city of the province. On No-
vember 7, 1782, he posted notices to the effect that Zendera's resi-
dencia was to, be taken, calling on the residents to make formal
charges against him. Moguel suspended Z6ndera from, office and
accepted 20,000 pesos from two of his friends as bonds to, cover
the residenecia, this sum offsetting the valuation of the properties
for which Z6ndera was responsible. These, were additional to, other
bonds which Z6ndera had posted on his accession to office.
For some unassigned reason, probably because of the lateness of
Moguel's arrival, only twenty-five days were allowed for the filing
of complaints, but during this time eighty-eight charges were
made, most of which were variations of those mentioned above
but differing in their official character in that they formed a part
of the residencia itself. Z6ndera, was said to have been uncom-
promising in his administration of justice; he had imposed ex-
cessive fines; he had imprisoned the natives without giving them
opportunities for defense; he had refused to allow them to appeal
their cases."B Not being a lawyer, he had lacked sufficient quali-
fications for the proper conduct of trials, and he had refused to
employ a trained legal assistant (teniene-asesor). He had failed
to supervise or enforce the instruction of Spanish and he had
done nothing to assist in the education of the natives, as he was
required by law to do. Zendera was charged with, having sup-
pressed all commerce except his own, going so, far as to arrest
merchants of other provinces who had come to Ilocos to trade.
SIt was said that he had shown favoritism 'in his, dealings with some
of the barangay chiefs, allowing them unbridled license in the collection
of tribute and in the enforcement of compulsory labor, most of which they
utilized for their own or for his benefit. One chief was said to have gone
so far as forcibly to take carabaos from the natives. when the latter were
working them in the fields. Zdndera had, of course, extended favors to
these barangay chiefs in exchange for reciprocal advantages. (The alcaldes
mayores ruled the native population through these chiefs at this tinii.
They also utilized the gobernadorcillos, native or mestizo governors of the
small towns.)275
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Texas State Historical Association. The Southwestern Historical Quarterly, Volume 21, July 1917 - April, 1918, periodical, 1918; Austin, Texas. (https://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth101073/m1/281/: accessed April 27, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, The Portal to Texas History, https://texashistory.unt.edu; crediting Texas State Historical Association.