The Southwestern Historical Quarterly, Volume 21, July 1917 - April, 1918 Page: 277
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The Residencia is the Spanish Colonies
jurisdiction over the residencias of corregidores, alcaldes mayores
and subdelegate intendants, with inhibition of appeal. At the
same time the tribunal was denied jurisdiction in any instance
over the residencias of viceroys, superintendents, captains-general,
presidents, governors, treasury officials, oidores and intendants.58
After the suppression of the Council of the Indies on March 24,
1834, the latter cases were finished in the Supreme Tribunal of
Justice, and that tribunal continued to exercise this jurisdiction
until the close of the nineteenth century.59
The ceddla referred to above abolished the residencias of teni-.
entes-letrados (asesores), alcaldes ordinarios, regidores, clerks,
procurators, sindics, alguaciles and other minor officials. In
place of the formal investigation and judgment after the term of
office was completed, the audiencia was given greater control over
their official acts, with the duty of seeing that justice was admin-
istered, jails inspected and kept clean, prisoners given a speedy
trial and not molested with undue exactions. The tribunal was
also empowered to see that the municipalities conducted their elec-
tions impartially, and that the municipal officials, including the
police, executed their duties faithfully. In this, the formal inves-
tigation at the close of the terms of these minor officials was re-
placed by a more efficient supervision by the audiencia, which was
calculated to, a.ct as a preventive of the ills which had formerly
been avenged, too late, by the residencia. The constitutional re-
forms of the nineteenth century gave to the audiencia original
jurisdiction over the trial of judges of first instance with appeal to
the Supreme Tribunal of Justice. This regulation was abolished
in 1815, but was restored in 1835, after which date this authority
remained to the audiencia.
Although the reform of August 24, 1799, recognized the resi-
dencias of alcaldes mayores, tenientes and corregidores, merely
transferring jurisdiction over these to, the audiencias, it would
seem that this investigation retained less of its former severity
from this time onwards. In fact, some authorities infer that the
" Cdula of August 24, 1799, Recopilacidn, 5-15, notes 4 and 5; see also
San Pedro, Legislaci6n Ultramarina, I, 282.
"Escriche, Diccionario, I, 578; see also Royal Order of November 20,
1841, and of January 18, 1848, San Pedro, Legislacidn Ultramarina, I, 280
et seq.277
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Texas State Historical Association. The Southwestern Historical Quarterly, Volume 21, July 1917 - April, 1918, periodical, 1918; Austin, Texas. (https://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth101073/m1/283/: accessed April 28, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, The Portal to Texas History, https://texashistory.unt.edu; crediting Texas State Historical Association.