The Southwestern Historical Quarterly, Volume 16, July 1912 - April, 1913 Page: 3
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The Spanish Occupation of Texas, 1519-1690
1. By way of the Gulf
In the course of the exploration of the Gulf coast and the
search for a strait through the newly found land mass to the East
Indies, Pineda, in the employ of Garay, governor of Jamaica, in
1519 ran the coast from Florida to Panuco, (Tampico) and back,
and made a map which shows with substantial accuracy the entire
shore line of Texas. Two years later, on the basis of this explora-
tion, Garay was granted a province, called Amichel, comprising the
whole Gulf coast from modern Alabama to Tampico, which he
attempted to colonize at its southern extremity." In this he was
forestalled by the master conquistador himself, Cortes, who in
1522 founded a villa at Pinuco.2 By 1528 two expeditions from
this place explored the coasts northward beyond the Rio Bravo,
or Rio Grande. On a later expedition,, made in 1544, it is said,
Father Olmos took back and settled at Panuco the tribe of the
Olives, thought by some to have been secured on Texas soil.3 In
1553 more than three hundred survivors of a wrecked treasure fleet
were cast on the Texas shore five days' march north of the Rio
Grande, and escaped toward Panuco. In 1558 an expedition destined
to colonize Florida was led from Vera Cruz by Bazares. In lati-
tude 27 30' he landed on the Texas shore; coasting eastward, in
latitude 28 30', he discovered and took possession of a bay which
he called San Francisco, and which may have been the modern
Matagorda Bay." Thereafter occasional voyages were made along
the northern shores of the Gulf; but the Texas coast, instead of
being one of the first portions of the Gulf shore to be colonized,
as it would have been had Garay succeeded, was destined to be
nearly the last, its settlement being deferred still two centuries
after Garay's day.
'Lowery, The Spanish Settlements within the Present Limits of the
United States, 149-153; Navarette, Colecci6n de Viages, iii, 147-153, where
the Pineda map is reproduced.
'Called San Est&van del Puerto. Bancroft, Mexico, II, 94-101.
3Prieto, Alejandro, Historia, Geografia y Estadistica del Estado de
Tamaulipas (Mexico, 1873), 16, 60; Bancroft, Mexico, II, 267; Orozco y
Berra, Manuel, Geografia de las Lenguas, 293, 296; Shea, J. G., History of
the Catholic Missions (1855), 45-46; Vetancur, Or6nica (1697), 92. There
is a confusion of the names of Olmedo and Olmos yin this connection.
'Lowery, Spanish Settlements, 352-357. Barcfa, Ensayo Oronologico,
fol. 28 et seq.; Shea. op. cit., 49.50.
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Texas State Historical Association. The Southwestern Historical Quarterly, Volume 16, July 1912 - April, 1913, periodical, 1913; Austin, Texas. (https://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth101058/m1/9/: accessed May 1, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, The Portal to Texas History, https://texashistory.unt.edu; crediting Texas State Historical Association.