The Southwestern Historical Quarterly, Volume 16, July 1912 - April, 1913 Page: 6
464 p. ; 23 cm.View a full description of this periodical.
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The Southwestern Historical Quarterly
The search for Gran Quivira.-But the subjugation of the
Pueblos did not exhaust the energies of the conquistadores, and
they turned again from time to time with all their old fire to
exploit and exploration. To the east there were several points of
interest. Gran Quivira was still to be sought somewhere across
the Llanos del Cibolo; adjacent to. it were the Aijados, in whose
country were the Seven Hills supposedly rich in gold; southeast
of Santa F , on the upper Colorado River, were the Junmano In-
dians, who welcomed missionaries and afforded trade in hides, and
in whose streams were found pearls. Finally, in the pursuit of
these objects, still another, more remote, rose above the horizon in
the east, the "Great Kingdom of the Texas."
Concerning the expeditions made in search of Quivira after
Coronado's day, our information is exaggerated and unsatisfac-
tory, but the general outline of events is fairly clear. As the
record has it, about 1595 Juan de Humafia and a party of soldiers
were destroyed by the Indians while returning from a search for
Quivira, at a place some two, hundred leagues northeast of Santa
F6, afterward known in tradition as La Matanza (the death
place.)'2 It was said that they were returning laden with gold.
In June, 1601, Juan de Ofiate, governor of New Mexico, made the
opening expedition of the seventeenth century. Accompanied by
two friars and eighty men, and with a survivor of the Humafia ex-
pedition as guide, he went east-northeast and north two hundred
leagues from Santa FP, reached La Matanza, received ambassadors
from Quivira, engaged in a terrible battle with the Escanjaques
Indians, and returned home.2 In 1629, when Father Juan de
Salas, of New Mexico, was on the eastern plains among the Ju-
manos, messengers from the Aijados and Quiviras were sent to see
him and accompanied him to Santa F6 to ask for missionaries.'
In 1634 Alonso de Vaca went three hundred leagues east from
New Mexico, possibly in response to the call of 1629, to a great
river across which was Quivira. Finally, Don Diego de Pefialosa,
an evicted and discredited governor of New Mexico, later claimed
xNiel, Apuntamientos, 91-93. Posadas, Informe d S. M. sobre las tierras
de Nuevo Mexico, Quivira, y Teguayo (1686), in Duro, Don Diego de Pef-
alosa, 53-67.
2Niel, Apuntamientos, 91-92; Bancroft, Arizona and New Mexico, 149-150.
8Posadas, Informe, 1686.
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Texas State Historical Association. The Southwestern Historical Quarterly, Volume 16, July 1912 - April, 1913, periodical, 1913; Austin, Texas. (https://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth101058/m1/12/: accessed April 25, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, The Portal to Texas History, https://texashistory.unt.edu; crediting Texas State Historical Association.