The Quarterly of the Texas State Historical Association, Volume 15, July 1911 - April, 1912 Page: 100
382 p. ; 23 cm.View a full description of this periodical.
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Texas Historical Association Quarterly
province. The Governor and Captain-General was Don Antonio
de Otermin, while his appointee, Alonso Garcia, served as Lieu-
tenant-Governor and Captain-General in Rio Abajo.
The Indian situation deserves a somewhat fuller treatment. The
number of Christianized natives was about 16,000. This did not
include the heathen tribes who were allied with the revolters, and
who occupied territory extending more than two hundred leagues
from Santa F6.' The Pueblo Indians of New Mexico comprised
three linguistic groups or stocks-the Zufiian, the Tanoan, and the
Keresean (Queres). The Zufiian family occupied three pueblos
in the extreme western part of New Mexico, and its total popula-
tion numbered at that time about 2,500 inhabitants. 'The other
two families were located in the valley of the Rio Grande, where
they were divided into a number of tribes, or nations, as the Span-
iards spoke of them, each of which was practically independent of
any tribal or national domination, and free to act as its own coun-
cils saw fit. Of these two families the Tanoan was the largest,
and comprised the five important tribes of the Piros, Tigua
(Tiguas), Tanos (Tagnos), Jemez (Xemes or Hemes), and Tewa
(Teguas) Indians.2 The Keresean family was not nearly so large.
It was divided into the Western and Eastern groups, the former
comprising the inhabitants of the pueblo of Acoma and its en-
virons, and the latter occupying the country north of the junction
of the Rio Grande and Rio Jemez, and commonly known as the
Queres nation. It is thus seen that there were six important
tribe-nations in the Rio Grande valley. Of these only the Piros
remained friendly to the Spaniards. Other details concerning in-
dividual tribes with citations of sources are given farther on.
No story connected with the Pueblo Indians of New Mexico
would be adequate without some description, however brief and
incomplete, of the large communal village-houses of these people,
known as pueblos, which have excited the admiration and wonder
of civilized men since Coronado's day. These houses, several of
which are still standing, much as they were in 1680, were fre-
'Auto of the Cabildo of Santa F6, in Auttos tocantes, 73-75.
2In the spelling of the names of the Indian tribes and pueblos I have
taken the forms used in Hodge, Handbook of American Indians, as my
standard. In the documentary matter used, there is, as a usual thing,
a variety of forms for all these names. Tewa and Tanos, however, are
practically always spelled Teguas and Tagnos.100
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Texas State Historical Association. The Quarterly of the Texas State Historical Association, Volume 15, July 1911 - April, 1912, periodical, 1912; Austin, Texas. (https://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth101056/m1/105/: accessed April 30, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, The Portal to Texas History, https://texashistory.unt.edu; crediting Texas State Historical Association.