The Quarterly of the Texas State Historical Association, Volume 15, July 1911 - April, 1912 Page: 99
382 p. ; 23 cm.View a full description of this periodical.
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Revolt of the Pueblo Indians of New Mexico in 1680
part which Pop6 took in the affairs of 1675. He makes the state-
ment that this Indian was the leader of a band of seventy Tewa
warriors who went down to Santa Fe to demand the release of
the forty-seven imprisoned medicine men. Pope, however, was
one of the medicine men whose release the Tewa warriors effec-
tively demanded of Governor Trevifio.' The story of the activities
of Pope from that time until 1680 are most interesting. On being
released from captivity in 1675, he returned to his pueblo, smarting
under the punishment he had received, and full of resentment
for the Spaniards. He at once began making preparations for a
general revolt, and being driven from San Juan by the continued
persecutions of the maestro de campo, Francisco Xavier, he moved
his base of operations to Taos. There he arrogated unto him-
self supernatural power, claiming to be directed in all his move-
ments by three infernal spirits named Caudi, Tilini, and Tleume,
who visited him in the estufa of that pueblo. These spirits, it
was believed, were working for a revolt in conjunction with the
lieutenant of their war god, Montezuma, in the far off land
of Po-he-yemu. The combined influences of all these beliefs
cannot be overestimated. Other miscellaneous influences, such as
the offering of prizes to the warriors by the chiefs; the belief
that the Spaniards could all be driven out of the country; and
the almost universal desire to return to their ancient customs, all
operated to make the revolt of the Indians general.
Before taking up the subject of the organization of the revolt,
a few words are necessary on the general conditions in New Mex-
ico in 1680. At that time there were approximately 2,800 Span-
ish inhabitants in the province. Of this number the majority
were settlers of the southern district, known as Rio Abajo, while
the rest were for the most part living in the vicinity of the villa
of Santa F. The occupation of the people was largely stock
raising and intensive agriculture, and, while there was no regular
presidio, there were a number of regular soldiers with headquarters
at the villa. Besides the settlers and soldiers, there were the thir-
ty-two.2 Franciscan missionaries distributed throughout the
1See "(Declaracion) de diego Lopes," in Autos Pertenccientes, 56; Testi-
mony of Ayeta, in Ibid., 60.
2Bancroft, Arizona and New Mexico, p. 179.
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Texas State Historical Association. The Quarterly of the Texas State Historical Association, Volume 15, July 1911 - April, 1912, periodical, 1912; Austin, Texas. (https://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth101056/m1/104/: accessed May 1, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, The Portal to Texas History, https://texashistory.unt.edu; crediting Texas State Historical Association.