Fort Worth Gazette. (Fort Worth, Tex.), Vol. 13, No. 49, Ed. 1, Thursday, November 12, 1891 Page: 1 of 12
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DEMOCRAT PUBLISHING CO
CHIEF MAYES
jjiS Viezs on the Questions that
Confront the Cherokees
MESSAGE TO THE LEGISLATURE
ni Vior Aipcal to the United States Govern
m to Remove the Intruders
SfP Sold to the Government It
If ti
Hustlx U ° Me Through a Revision of
tbe Treaty of 18GG and at
a Ialr Trice
ood for the Cherokee
iprda t ieoazette
T nirwAn I T Nov 7 Tho first four
> > it1 Chcrokeo legislature which
W3i 1 o Ji tbs place last Monday have
ka ta > up jy the members in counting
prtn
wa
ra
ce1
rweivcd b the candidates for
anu assistant chiefs and not until
evening did Chief Mayes who
ird duly elected principal chief
message to that august body It
untte but Very lengthy docu
o mo hours and forty minutes
cre isjrsumed in its delivery It was
ievl ov ne chief himself from the grand
itjid apitol square and something
tP r thousand persons besides the
j2 muti he council listened attentively
to < >
tt
ItsTo
To
Ten
tb c
cs <
casa
F
a
ar
3
their m
ices t
tlie
t j in
C5 0
whie
n up eager to hear the views of
pon i ho many grave questions
front th3 Cherokees
uilt questionjjwas discussed in-
n ui > t and unmistakable terms m
ic he chief recommending that
> r > l be made to the United
u 11 ment to remove this lawless
ens and in the event the ap
eilid that the Cherokee legis
lent once for their immediato
fnni the Cherokee nation by
oflii irs
i that part of Chief Mayes
i ing to a sale of the Stiip to
i stati > government and which
it it lid for with so much inter
ii i lie Cherokees but by the
unite men who are impa
ul tbe opening of that laud to
MUIlt
CTiemk e Lands West or Arkansas Klrer
A i s ivjs parties of Cherokees had
s oi 11 si Francis river in tho then
t < < I Arkansas This emigration
o urJLva b tlie government of the
< s < < increased in numbers and
i < h i m n division of the Cheiokec
fj u iei tic provisions of tho treaties
i i Liu Mumlo tho Eastern and West
r i His hi Western Cherokees ncquir
a i i tiuntry between the Arlcan
a > < l 11 vers and now in tho pi esent
t usas In Is2s they exchanged
i ir a country to the west of
nrsurii lino of tho territory of
a d > It is in this treaty that
i > i u < ir of t he outlet but it is not tho-
u t iiaj cr the outlet of the treaty
n > v u subsequent treaties Iu 133 a
t m uf the boundary of the Chero
us made by treaty and after
i vtonor lines of the 7000000
s nr I Mates in addition guar
a at In ukee Nation a perpetual
c s a > d i lie freo and unmolested use
til > nu > lj ing w est of the 7000000
c i vitsi as the sovereignty of the
i s iiiiu their right ot soil ex
< as soon as praetica
0 r s jiatent shall bo
i > i i no land hereby guaran
< H li i the lirst jnomise of apit
i land that is hereby guar
it iv j i us the fiee and unmolested
iu it is the land for which a
1 i n s to be issued If however a
r unt rr as to the meaning of this lau
c e w removed by the third ar
ut of lb35 It will be ic
t La tho treaties of lbl7 lblO
a > to concluded with that por
1 i In rokoe people who iu the
v an described as those who-
a i titiue the hunter life and to
is a hunting ground was
use While these people for
he treaties of lt > 17 and lsl9
at oiiethild of tho wholo
1 inis they neer numbered but
< m a > was shown by the census
o the treaty of 1Mb and taken
ent v of 15415 was concluued
hin of the Cherokee people
r n of 1M7 are described as
posed to begin the establish
c iaws ami a icgular govern
r ner words thej had ceased
and adopted the habits and
> l iuihzed pursuits To these
< t or a hunting ground was
i second article of the treaty
r ues and dcllnes the provisions
r i i liatj and recites that the
< > guaiautecd and secured to
1 bj patent the following
untvy and hero follows a
r I the seven million 7000000
1 i utlet all of which is lininc
0 the above cession and it
> n iiu that tho above cession
stStiicient quantity of land tor
mil of the whole nation on
ai West the United States
i agree to convey to said In-
c tir descendants by patent iu
additional tract of land
a ws a description of what was
> nu as the neutral land By
i it of this treaty the United
< i hat the lands above ceded by
f istj including tho outlet and
Oi this treaty shall all be in
ii patent executed to the Cheio
k v jt udians by the presdent of
states according to the provis
of congress of May 2s 1S30
uotned ttiat in this article tho
n is useil merely as a descrip
designate a particular tract of
ia words free and unmolested
oed out Whatever difference
I si have existed between tbe
r 000000 acres and the outlet
and forever wiped out by this
tie tenure in all the Cherokeo
distinction as to parts was
made to rest upon the act of
May 2s ls > 0 There was to bo
and ono patent according to
f that act This is the second
patent There are three im
i sious in tho act of congress of
M0 1 Tho president of tho
j may cause so much of any
b onging to the United States
ii Mississippi river not included
an or territory eta to bo divided
atabie number of districts for the
0 of such tribes or nations of lndi
iaj choose to exchange tho lauds
py now reside and remove there
a se each of said districts to bo so
by natural or artificial marks as
i i distinguished from every other
shall and may be lawful for the
to exchange any or all such dis-
k to be laid off with any tribe or na
1 Jians now residing within tho
uf any state etc 3 In making
h exchange or exchanges it shall
n a > be lawful for the uresident
i t0 assure tne tribe or nation
o inch the exchange is made that the
D i btates will forever securo and
E srantce to them and their heirs or suc
Jjssors tne country so exchanged and if
Jfl prefer it that tho UnitedStates will
JfJ a patent or grant to be made and exe
Jcd to them for the same Provided
tvfyf that sa5d lands shall revert to tho
ti States if the Indians become ox
or abandon the same Under the
icm rity of this act the president caused
Be surveyed two tracts of lands in the
ri doscrided in tho act one of which
M a we < l 800000 acres ceded by the treaty
and known
4 v
Neutral laud and the other whose
metes and bounds are described with
wearisome minuteness was ascertained to
contain exactly 13574133 14100 acres
this socalled outlet was embraced
in this country and it was for this tract-
or district so marked as to be easily
distinguished from every other
that the Cherokees exchanged the
residue of their lands east
of the Mississippi river a second time for
The patent issued by Martin Van Buren
presidentof the United States dated De-
cember 311S3S recites And whereas
the United States has caused the said tract
of seven millions ot acres together with
the perpetual outlet to be surveved in
ono tract the boundaries whereof are as
follows And here follows the boundary
lines and then follows the conveyance of
the two tracts of land so surveyed and
hereinbefore decribed containing in the
whole fourteen million three hundred and
seventyfour thousand one bunded and
thirtyfic acres and fourteen one hun-
dredths of aif acre The distinction be-
tween the seven millions of acres and tho
outlet was forever obliterated No man
knows or ever knew where the western
line of the seven millions of acres was or
is Tho third article of the treaty of 1T5
superseded the necessity for its definition
It should not be forgotten that the United
State sold this country twice to the Cher-
okees Onco in the treaties of 12S and
1S33 to the Western Cherokees
in exchange for their lands in Ar-
kansas for which they had ex-
changed lands acre for acre east of
tho Mississippi and again to the Eastern
Cherokees in 1S35 for the residue of their
lauds east of the Mississippi river And out
of this fact grew the troubles and conten-
tions in the Cherokee family prior to 1S40
Tho Western Cherokees claimed the exclu-
sive ownership of all the lauds as conveyed
to them by tho treaty of 1S33 and for which
thoy were promised a patent and the East-
ern Cherokees claimed an equal ownership
with their Western brothers under tho
treaty of lb3o This contention was admsted
by the treaty of 1W0 tho Western Chero-
kees relinquishing thoir claim to exclusive
ownership for a sum of money The first
articlo of this treaty provides that the
lands now occupied by the Cherokees shall
be secured to the wholo Cherokee people
for their common use and benefit and a
patent shall bo issued for tho same includ-
ing the iOOOOO acres purchased together
with the outlet piomised by the United
States in conformity with the provisions
relating thereto contained in the third arti-
cle of the treaty of Is33 aud in the third sec-
tion of an act of congress approved May
23 1SU0 Then follows the sectiou making
it a part of the treaty obligation This is
the third promise of patent and the tam-
ers of this article must have been im-
pressed by the words tho lands now oc-
cupied by the Cherokee Nation was
wanting in descriptive force and added
the fcOO000 acres purchased and tho out-
let using the word outlet merely to do
scribo another section of country to be in-
cluded in the patent This view is sus-
tained by the fourth article insconsidera
tion of certain stipulations the Western
Cherokees relinquish their claim to the ex-
clusive ownership of the lands ceded to
them by the treatyof 1S413 west of the Mis
siscippi river including tho outlet west
consenting and agreeing that tho said lauds
tctother with bOOOOO acres ceded to the
Cherokees by the treaty of ls j shall bo
and remain the common property of tho
common property of the whole Cherokee
people themselves included Hero it is
ugreed that the outlet shall be and re-
main tho common property of the whole
Cherokee people and no distinction is
made iu the common property the out-
let and other parts specially designated
The treaty of IssO created a new line of
division iu the Cherokee country This
line is the 90th meridian East of this lino
the United States may settle civilized In-
dians under certain couditions but nothing
is said of conveying lands to them by any
tenure while west of that Hue where the
outlet lies the United States may settle
friendly Indians in any part of tho Chero-
kee country the boundaries of each district
to be tiistinctly mnrked and the land con-
veyed in fee simple to each of said tribes
No one will assert that our title is better in
tho Western section than in the Eastern
Yet it is to tho Westen section we aro re-
quired to make the fee simple title Nor is
it to be supposed that tho government of
the United States would require us to make
a title we did not ourselves hold
Judge I C Parker of the Western dis-
trict of Atkansas in the case of the United
States vs D L Payne says A treaty
like a statute must be construed to give it
effect if possible and courts always adhere
to this rule
In construing this the Seminole treaty
wo have a right to take into consideration
tho situation of tho parties to it at the time
it was made the property which is tho sub-
ject matter of the treaty and the intention
and purposes of the parties in making the
treaty To get at this wo have a right to
consider the construction the parties mak-
ing it and who were to bo affected by it
have given it Applying this rule and no
one will doubt its soundness the conclusion
is overwhelming that we own and hold the
outlet socalledby tho samo tenure we own
and hold the country east of the 90th meri-
dian Secretary of War J C Calhoun Jan-
uary 21 1S25 addressing the president of
tho United States said the laud3 west of
tho Western Cherokees should be reserved
as a means of exchange with those
who remain East
Oil March 10 1S35 Andrew Jackson
president of the United States declared to
the Cherokees East in a public address
urging them to move West that he should
offer the stipulations of
An addition to the country already as
signed to you west of tho Mississippi and
for the conveyance of tho whole of it by
patent in fee simple
President Jackson told them in the same
address that thero were
Not less than thirteen million eight
hundred thousand 13800000 acres des-
tined for tho permanent residence of the
Cherokees Pp 42 Eq Doc 2S0 H K
1st sess Twentyfourth Cong
Benjamin P Curry United States Indian
agent at Cherokee agency on Asril 19 1S33
inclosed this address of President Jackson
to Hon John Ross chief of tho Cherokee
nation stating
Inclosed you will find a copy of proposi-
tions from tho president of the United
States with an address affixed thereto
over his own signature which ho has di-
rected me to forward to you
Lewis Cass secretary of war in charge
of Indian affairs Senate doc 120 2d sess
cong p 9 referring to the treaty under
consideration with Kidge and others re-
ports
A tract of very valuable land estimated
to contain about b00000 acres West of the
Mississippi is to be added to the territory
already possessed by them This territory
originally contained about seven million
acresun addition to which they were entitled
to the use of another tract containing about
six million acres for the purpose of an out-
let or communication with the tribes and
country west of them It is proposed in
the arrangements with Ridge and his party
to grant them the enttre property of this
tract of 6000000 acres for their uncondi-
tional use this will make for the whole
country given and proposed to bo given
them west of the Mississippi 13000000
acres of lands
Mr J F Schcrmerhorn United States
commissioner negotiating treaty of 1S35
on August 20 lS3o at the Cherokee council
See Sen Doc 120 2nd Sess 25th Cong
pp 43 46 and 47 oxplalnins the meaning
of tho language of 2nd and 3d articles of
proposed treaty says
Articles two and three declare that you
are to have 1500000 in money to be paid
as stipulated in the following articles and
800000 acres of land in addition to the
lands already secured to the Cherokee
Nation p the treaties with the Cherokees
West and this is to bo in full for all your
lands east of the Mississippi and your
claims upon the United States The whole
quantity of lands that you will hare now
west secured by this and other treaties will
bo 13SO000O acres which is more than all
the lands the Cherokees had before the
v lSTf
treaty with Gen Jackson in 1S17 by which
they were to have acre for acre for their
lands east on the west of the Mississippi
I say youwill have more land than you had
there for by that treaty you sold the United
States about 4000000 acres and you still
own here about 7000000 acres making in
all about 11000000 acres so that without
the 800000 acres which you buy by this
treaty you will have 2000000 acres more
land west of the Mississippi than you had
before the treaty of 1817 The fourth
article declares that all your lands west
shall be secured to you by a patent deed
from tho president of the United States
and you will holi it by the same title that
the white man holds his lands
A strip of country about three miles wide
and running from the eastern end of the
Cherokee country to the western end of the
outlet was cedea to the United States and
is now in the state of Kansas Parcels of
this land under homestead laws have been
sold from time to time for twenty odd
years tho proceeds reported to the secre-
tary of the interior appropriated by acts of
congress and turned into the Cherokee
treasury No distinction has ever been
been made in the prices of lands in the out-
let on account of the tenure by which the
Cherokees held them
In 18S3 congress made an appropriation of
three hundred thousand i5w000 dollars
due as tho appropriationabill stated unoer
appraisement for lands west of tlfe Arkan-
sas river and in this appropriation it was
made a condition precedent to its payment
that the Cherokee naliou make deeds satis-
factory to the secretary of the interior in
conveyanco for certain land upon which the
Pawnees Poncas Otoes and other tribes
had been settled and on the 14th day of
June lb 3 the Cherokee nation through its
duly authorized agents made the conveyan-
ces as required by the act of congress and
in conformity with the sixteenth article of
the treaty of I860 to tho United States in
trust for tho tribes settled upon these lands
Acts of congress approved July 4 1SS4
two of same date June 1 1SS6 June 24
ISstj aud May 14 lbss each contain the fol-
lowing identical provisions That said
corporation is authorized to take and use
for all railroad purposes for a railway and
for no other purpose a right of way 100 feet
in width through the Indian Territory
That no part of tho lands herein
authorized to be taken shall be leased or
sold by the company and they shall not be
used except in such manner and for such
purposes only as shall be necessary for the
construction and convenient oiieration of
said railroad telegraph and telephone lines
and when any portion thereof shall cease to
bo so used such portion shall revert to the
nation or tribe of Indians from which it was
taken Section 5 That said railway com-
pany shall pay to the secretary of tho in-
terior for tho benefit of the particular na-
tions or tribes through whose lands said
road may be located oo for each
mile of road it may construct in said Terri-
tory said company shall pay over so long
as said Territory is owned and occupied
by tbe Indians to the secretary of the inte
aior the sum of 15 per mile for each mile of
railroad it shall construct in said Terri-
tory All these acs acknowledge the own-
ership of lands to be in the Cherokee Nation
and make no distinction between the roads
running east and thoso running west as to
the tenure of the lands One of them runs
through tho extreme western end of tho
outl t
In conclusion I will refer to one or two
decisions on our title to these lands by the
judicial department of the government of
the United States In tho case of the Cher-
okee Nation vs the Southern Kansas Rail-
way company whose road is located on the
socalled outlet Judge L C Parker as he
had in former opinions held that tho
title to all the lands of the Cherokee Na-
tion was obtained by patent from the United
States This titlo he describes as a base
qualified determinable fee without the
right of reversion but only the possibility
of reversion in the United States This in
in effect he says puts the
whole estate in the Cherokee Na-
tion The supreme court of the
United States in reviewing this case
denies that the right of eminent domain
was exclusively in the Cherokee nation but
admits tho right of soiL It says that tho
fact that the Cherokee nation hold these
lands in fee simple under patent from the
United States is of no consequence in this
discussion and again it says the lands
in the Cherokee territory like the lands
held by private owners everywhere within
the geographical limits of the United States
are held subject to the authority of the
general government to take them for public
objects as are germano to the execution of
the powers granted it provided only that
they are not taken without just compensa-
tion being made to the owner
I think tho conclusion must bo irresist-
ible to every honest mind that our title to
the outlet is tho same and just as good
as our titlo to the country east of the 96th
meridian Wo gavo in exchango for this
country a country east of the Mississippi
river out of which tho government realized
over 30000000 and at the time of tho ex-
change the outlet was thought to be an
irredeemable waste
We have had tho peaceful and undisputed
possession of the socalled outlet for a
period of over a half century Our title to
it which is by patent in fee simple is now
a matter of record in the general laud office
at Washington D C and which original
document remains among the archives of
the Cherokeo Nation with the personal sig-
nature of Martin Van Buren president of
the United States thereto attached and it
was neverjdisputed by any department of
the government from the days of Andrew
Jackson down to the present administra-
tion when in order to buy it our tenants
were forcibly ejected our finances thrown
into confusion our credit impaired our in-
stitutions of learning closed and our chil-
dren deprived of tho means of education
and all for no other reason that I can see
than that we were unwilling to part with
that which is ours for less than its value
A proposition to buy the outlet will in all
probability be submitted again to you
during your present session If such a
proposition is entertained at any time it
certainly must bo done at a fair
valuation of this property I do
not believe that tho power exists
anywhere to take these lands from the
Cherokees without their consent unless by
an act of robbery Tho Cherokees cannot
afford to lost sight of their treaty stipula-
tions with the United States government
which defines tho status and ownership to
theso lands
If tho salo is made to the United States
it must bo done through a revision of the
treaty of 1S06 by which tho land may bo
conveyed to the government ftr other pur-
poses than tho settlement of friendly In-
dians which contract for the sale to friend-
ly Indians is thoroughly understood and
has been partly carried out Then let our
relations with the United States be more
accurately defined and let every right that
belongs to the Cherokees be permanently
secured Let many objectionable and op-
pressive features of tho treaty of 1866 that
were forced upon the Cherokees at tho
close of the war bo stricken from it as a
condition of the sale Very respectfully
J B Mates Principal Chief
Patriot Montt
London Nov 6 The Times today pub-
lishes a dispatch from Santiago de Chili
which says that Admiral Jorge Montt has
accepted the nomination for the presidency
subject to his not being expected to follow
any political programme but accepting only
the acts and votes of congress as the ex-
pression of the national will Admiral
Montt the disDatch continues was exceed-
ingly unwilling to take the post offered to
him and only accepted it on the distinct
understanding that it was not offered him
as a reward for his services but asking him
to make another sacrifice to the wish ex-
pressed at the election
In conclusion Admiral Montt said that ha
would assume power to insure the peace of
the nation and to prevent a conflict between
political parties A dispatch from Valpar-
aiso today says that Admiral Jorge Montt
has been unanimously elected president of
the republic of Chili Montt is believed to
be the best disposed to Americans of any of
the revolutionary leaders
j 4
FORT WORTH TEXAS THURSDAY NOVEMBER 12 1891
HILL ON GUARD
He Says the Democrats Have
Swept New York State
THE REPUBLICANS JUGGLING
To Count Some of Our Senators Out by Falsi-
fying the Returns
Darld Bennett Hill ii Holdlnr the Fort
However and Democrats Can Kely
on Getting Their lilshti One
Retult of Iowa Victory
Governor Hill Knows
Special to tho Gazette
Albany N Y Nov C Governor Hill
said today when asked about the result on
the legislature I am convinced that we
have carried both bodies The returns
show it Republicans aro making strenuous
efforts to count us out in the close districts
but the vote has given us a plurality in both
branches We have literally swept the
state
Iowas Hope
Sionx City Iowa Nov 6 As a result
of the Democratic victory in Iowa and the
hope that prohibition will be repealed it is
announced that a large brewery will soon
be commenced hero and two breweries idle
for several years will bo started up
MrKinlej Didnt Carry Ills Own County
Cleveland Ohio Nov 6 A special to
day from Canton says tho official vote of
Suirk county McKinleys county as veri-
fied today gives Campbell a plurality of
154
South Dakota Result
Siodi Palls S D Nov 6 Almost
complete returns from fortynine out of
tho fiftytwo counties gi vo Jolly Republi-
can 14401 Smith Independent 10S43
Woods Democrat G091 Tho total voto
wont exceed 35000
The New York Legislature
New York Nov 6 The Democratic and
Republican parties are both claiming ma-
jorities in each of the legislative bodies but
the latest returns of the Associated Press
indicate that the senate will stanu as fol-
lows Republicans 17 Democrats 14 In-
dependent Republican 1 According to the
same returns the assembly will stand Re-
publicans 60 Democrats 66 Independent
Democrats 2
Senator Palmer on the Ohio Defeat
SrKiNariKLD III Nov 6 Senatorelect
Gen John M Palmer credits the Demo-
cratic defeat in Ohio largely to the silver
plank in tho Democratic platform The
importance of the silver plank in the state
platform said the general was exag-
gerated to the greatest extreme and all
throughout tho campaign tho tariff issue
was lost sight of and at least
was a secondary matter Thero is no de-
nying that Senator John Shermans reputa-
tion as a financier had u good deal to do
with the result His campaign on money
tended to divert attention from the tariff
issue
Senator Palmer thinks the results in-
most of the other states show that the pro-
tective tariff is not popular with them and
he attaches much importance to tho Demo-
cratic victory in New York Iowa Mary
land and Massachusetts Tho election of
PlowerinNew York he saW means that
stato will be tho pivotal state in 1892 that
New York will be the key to the situation
and that a New York man will be nomi-
nated by tho Democratic party for presi-
dent
dentCOMING
COMING WEATHER
Rains with Warm Weather Pre-
dicted for the Gulf States
WEATHER F0REKN0WLEDGF
The Tarnum Found to be the afost Perfect
Condition Tor Electrical Transmis-
sion The Kesalts of Recent
Experiments
Special to the Gazette
St Joseph Mo Nov 6 My last letter
gave forecasts of tho stormwave due to
cross the continent from 5th to 9th and the
next will leavo tho Pacific coast about the
11th cross the central basin from 12th to
14th aud reach the Atlantic coast about the
15th It will be a fierce storm when it
strikes the Pacific coast and will continue
to be so till it has passed the Mississippi
river After the 13th it will decrease in
force and will not bo a severe storm on the
Atlantic coast Tho tides on that coast
however will bo quite high about the 13th
The center of this storm wave 3will not
reach tho gulf states but will cause some
rainfall there and the weather following it
will not be very cold for the time of year
but a cool wave will follow it crossing the
continent from the 10th to the 14th
All the storms of November were calcu-
lated to be of greater force than usual and
this storm wave only of littlo less force
than the greatest of the month especially
in the West
nLECTBICITT AXD THE VACUUM
Readers of these letters should fully un-
derstand that they contain nothing that
does not have distinct bearing on the ques-
tion of a foreknowledge of the weather I
am trying to get before the people a true
basis upon which to build a science of
meteorology believing that orthodox scient-
ists have produced nothing that is worthy
of being called the science of meteorology
The weather bureau of the United States
does not predict any more than we predict
when a railroad train will arrive merely es-
timating how fast a storm center will move
and where it will go after they know where
it is and the conditions surrounding it To
forecast the weather wo must know the
causes of weather changes and as I believe
that electricity is the immediato causeI am
discussing in these letters the nature of
electricity
Every part of a theory must agree with
every other part or it and readers of these
letters will discover wonderful harmonies
existing between the positions of the
planets the nature of electricity and the
changes of the weather
Dr Henry Raymond Rogers is an able
advocate of the electric theory and his
paper read before the Chautauqua society
of Dunkirk N Y discussing electricity
and the vacuum is so well to the point that
I quote from it He says
The best experimenters in electricity are
rapidly coming to the conclusion that
vacuum is the most favorable condition for
electrical transmission Indeed the fore-
most electricians of the nresent day like
Edlund of the Royal soo ety at Stockholm
Sweden and our own Edison have de-
clared such to be the certain result of their
experiments Mr Crooks of the RoyaLso
ciety London has published striking ex-
periments showing the action of electricity
in vacuum some of which confirm the con-
clusion of Edlund and Edison Dr P H
Van Der Weide in a paper recently read
before the New York electrical de
society
1 icribes experiment leading to the same re
= W
suits He details an experiment which
was contrived consisting of a strong glass
tube three inches in diameter and three or
more feet long provided with brass caps at
each end which could bo conveniently at-
tached to an air pump and exhausted Ho
tells us that as the exhaustion proceeded
the rarified air in the tube became a con-
ductor of electricity and this conductivity
appeared to improve in proportion as the
air was more exhausted
A legitimate inference from these ex-
periments though one strangely ignored
by this writer is that had the exhaustion
been mado complete the perfection of elec-
trical transmission would have been
reached In other words it does not ap-
pear that either tenuous air or vacuum is a
conductor of electricity but that the trans
missibtlity of the electric current is in pro-
portion to the rarified condition of the iir
or its total absence Absolute nothingness
tan neither aid nor impede the progress of
the electrical current
From the abundant evidence which we
now possess it is not too much to claim that
when the element of resistance to the pas-
sage of the electric current is removed
when the motion of electricity is wholly
free and unobstructed its action may bo
instantaneous whether within tho narrow
confines of a tubo or in the universal
space Tho resistance to the progress of
the electrical current wakes it up to visi-
bility and to action On the scale of tho
laboratory vacuum is found to bo the most
perfect condition for electrical transmis-
sion
On the scale of the universe the evi-
dence of this fact is even more conclusive
Mr Gordon a distinguished English au-
thority in his work on electricity and mag-
netism one of the best in this field tells us
that the electrical forces are transmitted
not only across the best vacuums we have
been able to produce but also across tho in-
terplanetary spaces
It is now abundantly demonstrated that
electrical currents pass to and fro between
the sun and earth instantaneously aud inces-
santly and science accepts this as-
a proved fact Tho great Far-
aday tells us that tho move-
ments of celestial bodies in absolute vacuum
would be as uniform as thoso of a mathe
matical pendulum whereas a resisting me-
dium pervading all space would cause the
planets to move in shorter and shorter or-
bits aud at last to fall into the sun From
tho fact that tho motions of the celestial
bodies aro absolutely uniform we may justly
infer that all space is practically vaeuous
aud no fact is now known to man which
disproves this hypothesis It is therefore
clearly demonstrable both upon tho scale
of the laboratory and of the universe that
vacuum is tho most perfect conflition for
electrical transmission
If all space is vacuous the phenomena
of space must bo largely determined by this
cosniical condition If space is void of all
else save the electrical currents ever in
play between the sun and earth these cur-
rents must bo invisible in their passage
eastward and not until they meet their first
resistance which occurs in our atmosphere
can the slightest indications of their pres-
ence be discovered In this conflict be-
tween the electrical sun currents and our
atmosphere those wonderful and mysteri-
ous phenoma which wo call suu heat and
sunlight becomo developed The atmos-
phere thus performs tho identical part in
the development of sunheat and sunlight
which the carbon point and the platinum
coil perform in the production of electric
heat and light
The intensity of tho sunheat and sun-
light is duo to the amount of tho resistance
which theloweststratumof the atmosphere
offers to the passage of the solar currents
jThus the intensity of the sunheat and the
dazzling brilliancy of the sunlight are lo-
cated in tho atmosphere wherein wo live
and not at the sun as heretofore believed
For all that we know to the contrary tho
sun need not be actually hot or bright it
may even be dark cool and habitable like
the earth and yet do all that is claimed for
itWo
Wo may add to this argument of Dr
Rogers that outer space is a vacuum only
as to condensed matter while it is full of
attenuatcdmatteivKidch has been called
the ether of space and which I believe to
be identical with electricity Portions of
that electricity of space are quiet station-
ary while other portions are moving in cur-
rents similar to the waters of the oceans
and these currents carry gross matter that
has accumulated in space and build it into
or onto tho growing bodies of the universe
W T Fosteii
TEXAS LANDS
statement from the General Land Office
of the Sales and Leasei of State Lands
Daring tho Month of October
Special to the Gazette
Austin Tex Nov 3 Sales for tho
month of October 1891
School
Blind asylum
121114 acres
405 acres
Total 121519 acres
Monthly statement of the lease depart-
ment for October A D 1S91
The general land office has Hardeman
county lithographed and is now ready to
supply any orders for the same Price
50c each
SPECIAL SESSION
Syeaher Hllner In Consultation with the
Governor Bonded Indebtedness of
State Tax Sales Completed
Special to the Gazette
Austin Tex Nov 6 Gossip concern-
ing a special session took a fresh start here
today when it became known on the
street that Speaker Bob Milner was in
consultation with the governor
The outstanding bonded indebtedness of
the state August 31 as will be shown by
the comptrollers annual report was
4237730 Special collections aside
from those of the tax collectors
amount to 1314337 This includes
53929 tax on railroad passenger earnings
33716 from insurance companies and 1250
from commercial agencies
Chartered The Citizens loan company
of Sherman capital 10000
The McKinney mill and elevator company
of McKinney capital 39000
The Citizens electric light and power
company of Houston increased its capital
stock from 150000 to 200000
The comptroller concluded the sales of
land for taxes today The total number ot
acres sold is 800000
vn it
SPEAKER MILLS
The National Capital Beginning
to Assume New Life
FORECAST OF THE CONTEST
Mills Greatest Strength Lies in the Fact That
His Reputation is National
Congressman Culbenon Talked of for a Pos-
ition on the New Circnit Court of Ap-
peals or the Interstato Com-
merce Commission
The Question of the Hour Xo
Special to the Gazette
WisniNOTON Nov 5 Lively times will
soon succeed ono of the tamest and quietest
summers ever seen at the national capital
If it had Dot been for a few big national and
international gatherings like tho ecumeni-
cal Methodist conference tho city would
have been as dull for the last sir months a3
a crossroads village But that condition of
things will speedily terminate In the
course of the next fortnight tho bustle and
racket preliminary to the organization of
the next house of representatives will open
in good earnest Of course tho speakership
fight dwarfs every other phase of that po-
litical event The Gazettes readers are-
as deeply interested in the contest fur that
high office as the people of any section of
this Union because a Texan is numbered as
among the leading candidates
Without bias or undue favoritism I have
no hesitancy in predicting the election of
Roger Q Mills He is opposed by several
able men any of whom would wield tho
gavel ably and to the credit of tho party
but thero is no ono of them that represents
in his own person the groat cause for which
tho Democracy has struggled so long and
valiantly to such a degree as the statesman
from Corsicana He has more national
prestige than all the others put together
He is preeminently the apostle of tariff re-
form its strongest exponent and ho has
carried the revenuo reform banner further
and waved it more defiantly than any man
in tho Democratic party North or South
He has little of tho suaviter in modo but
plenty of the fortiter in re Were he pos-
sessed of a littlo more of tho former he
might easily have had a walkover for the
speakership Mr Mills takes no trouble to
conciliate He is even accused of being
misanthropic and unsocial Certainly he
isnt a mixer and as for the arts of the
politician he isnt acquainted with tho rudi-
ments He doesnt oven go around on
newspaper row to shako hands with tho
correspondents as some of his competitors
do In fact he shuns the profession and
rarely accords an interview For these aud
other reasons few of the newspaper men t
the capital are friendly to Mills The sys-
tematic booming of Judge Crisp of Georgia
who is doubtless second in the race is
largely duo to tho fact that he is a great
favorite among the men of the press That
their aggregato influence is powerful is not
to be denied and doubtless Mr Mills would
have done better in not ignoring so great a
power
Still there isnt much doubt about his
winning He is second choico with many
who will abandon their favorite as
soon as it is demonstrated that Mills is
away in the lead Again there will be a
great many new men in the next house
Theso novices in national legislation have
heard a great deal more about Mills than
any of his rivals Springer for instance
is as avowed a tariff reformer as Mills and
has been in congress almost as long but in
tho minds of tho people he isnt so thor-
oughly identified with the principleThe new
men are also ardent believers in the ideas
to which Mills has given such great promi-
nence They think that to elect Mills means
indorsement of the Democratic doctrine
and per contra to turn him down is a
virtual weakening on a vital issue an aban-
donment of the cardinal article of party
faith
A Federal Office for Dave Culberson
There has been a good deal of talk about
Congressman Culberson in regard to cer-
tain high Federal offices It is known that
his friends some eminent Republicans
among them are using their strongest in-
fluence to have the president appoint him
on the new circuit court of appeals A
judgeship on this bench being for life is
certainly a desirable office second only in-
dignity and responsibility to a place on the
United States supreme court It would bo
in consonance with Mr Culbersons great
judicial abilities though it would take
awav from the house ono of the ablest men
ever sent thero as a representative from tho
Lone Star state But President Harrison
is not given to appointing Democrats to of-
fice and he isnt likely to make an excep-
tion in Mr Culoersons favor He would
doubtless bo willing to appoint him to the
vacant position on tho interstate commerce
commission as the law requires a Democrat
to be appointed thero to keep the political
balance even among the five commissioners
This office has been greatly sought after
It is one of the best paying under tho
government the salary being 7500 per
annum with plenty of clerical help to
relievo tho commissioners from drudgery
The vacancy was caused by tho death of
Capt Bragg an Alabamlan and a Demo-
crat As soon as he was under the sod
nearly 25 per cent of the promiifent lawyers
of his state made application for the succes-
sion thinking the president would be
certain to appoint an Alabama man to fill
out the unexpired term But they made a
mistake as the president was of opinion
that the office should go to some other
state and Texas with its vast railroad in-
terests and enormous mileage was firs con-
sidered ExSenator Reagan was thought
available and likewise Mr Culberson
Neither is understood to bo a candidate
but it is learned on good authority that the
latter may go on the commission if he so
desires
Since Judge Cooley resigned the chair-
manship of the interstate commerce com-
mission tbe only member of national fame
remaining thereon is Col William R Mor
rison of Illinois Col Morrison Is as vig-
orous and active mentally and physically
as when he led the Democrats in the house
in the great fight that will forever associate
his name with the cause of tariff reform
There are plenty of people who believe that
the only salvation of the Democratic party in
1892 is to choose a leader from the West
and knowing Bill Morrison thoroughly
his sound Democracy his spotless record
his peerless fight against the grinding tariff
monopoly in which he was almost a pioneer
they think he would make a magnificent
candidate and that under his leadership vic-
tory would be emblazoned on Democratic
banners His is as great a favorite in his
own state as ever and his popularity
among Southern men is unquestioned
What Mills Says
Discussing the result of the elections Rep-
resentative R Q Mills said Ohio is a Re-
publican state which we have been trying
to bring into the Democratic column
and we think she is constantly
getting nearer to us If the Democratic
party could have the tariff question dis-
cussed among the farmers in district school-
houses we would win even in Ohio Our
gains have been in the manufacturing
towns where most of the campaigning has
been done The same has been the case in
Massachusetts and New York I have not
seen enough from Iowa to form-
an opinion as to the cause Republican
dispatches say that the Democratic majori-
ties in the state were in the towns and the
Republican majorities in the rural districts
In Iowa the prohibition question had much
to do with the result Prohibitory liquor
laws and prohibitory tariff are making Iowa
yS 1
THE FORT WORTH GAZETTE
VOL XUI NO 49
fi M rv
emocratic
Do you thinkthe Worlds fair site had
much to do with the result in New York
I think not It was talked a great deal
of by our people and if it accomplished
much it would have been shown in the vote
in New York city more than other places in
the stato but we got about our usual vote
there Outside of the cities of New York
aud Brooklyn the state of New York has
for two years been thoroughly canvassed
by missionaries sent outbj tho Tariff Re-
form club of New York city and their
works do follow them In Mas arhmetts
the ticht was active and offensive against
tho McKitiley tariff aud the free coitugo of
silver It would be hard to say which
was the mora prominent The sentiment
of the state seems to be unanimous against
free coinage in both parties and the cur-
rent is setting heavily against a prohibitory
tariff i
In New York while there was a good
deal said about the tiger and tho fair the
heavy gains were mado in the country dis-
tricts by tariff fighters In Iowa as I
said it was tariff aud prohibition and in
Massachusetts it was tariff and silver
After looking over the field what ap
pears to be the Democratic chance next
year
I think it is very good With a good
platform and good candidates we can carry
certainly New York New Jersey Rhode
Island and Connecticut and probably Mas-
sachusetts in the East aud Indiana and Illi-
nois in the West with a
good lighting chance for Wiscon-
sin Michigan Minnesota and Iowa
To win we must light the enemy and not
each other If we go to the country on tho
issue of tariff reform alone wo u ill succeed
because we are thoroughly united on that
question If we press the issue of free
coinage of silver in my judgment we will
loso every Eastern state and
pain nothing West We will lose
tho presidency the senate tho house
free coinage tariff reform and everything
and get for our pains a force bill military
usurpation of the ballot box and the officers
guarded by soldiers while subverting the
local government of the people Geu
Grant is credited with saying that the Dem-
ocratic party could always bo relied upon
to make a fool of itself at the wron
time I hope wa will break tho record at
this time To do it we must stop fighting
each other and fight the Republican party
from now till the sun sets on tho first Tues-
day in November 1S92
TO THE WOMEN OF TEXAS
3Irii Tobln President of the Texas Co-
lumbian Kxpotitlou Asiociatlon Asks
for Earnest Work for the State
Special to the Gazette
Austin Tex Nov 7 To the delegates
composing the various boards of lady mana-
gers of the Texas Columbian exhibit asso-
ciation You have selected me to be your
president Deeply sensible of this high
honor I feel it my duty as well as pleasure
to return to you my heartfelt thanks for the
very flattering testimonial of your friend-
ship for me aud confidence in my ability
and through you to extend to thoso noble-
women of Texas whom you represented at
tho Dallas convention my cordial and hearty
greetings not only as their president but
also as a colaborer with them in tho great
aud glorious work in which they are on
gaged My election coming as it did the
unsolicited spontaneous expression of a
confidence and trust entirely unexpected by
me is for that reison tho more highly
prized I could have wished that you had
chosen an abler leader but I trust that en-
couraged by your kind indulgence and
aided by your generous help and assistance
I shall oe abe to meet the reasonable ex-
pectations of our people
If this great state is to make a creditable
exhibit at tho Worlds Columbian exposi-
tion it must largely depend on the action
and energetic cooperation of tho women of
Texas Wo need not now inquire why the
original promoters of this great enterpriso
deliberately shared with us the responsi-
bility of an undertakintr fraught with such
important results to our beloved state
Such however is tho case and evidences
the fact that the women are to share
throughout tho responsibility of the suc-
cess of the great Worlds fair We have
willingly assumed the duty Assigned us
and the path of duty is clearly outlined
We have only to go ahead and do our duty
as becomes tho wives and daughters of men
ambitious for tho houor and glory of Texas
and do it in a way that will not only justify
the confidence reposed in us but will ba
alike creditable to ourselves and honorable
to our state
Our most important task by no means a
difficult one is the raisingof a certain sum
of money a thing that most women havo a
rare faculty of doing when the need arises
Let it not be said of us that we have lost
our cunning in that direction or that wo
are unequal to tho occasion for such is not
the case The sum that is to be raised is
for a grand purpose and is but a pittance
compared with what Texas can supply
when fully aroused to the exigencies of tho
occasion It is only necessary to awaken
the patriotic people of Texas to a sense of
tho responsibility resting upon them iu
order to secure their earnest sympathy and
active cooperation
Do that much women of Texas and you
have done all accomplish that and you
will have opened the purses of thousands
now apparently insensible to or forgetful
of their duties The great good which will
result to our state from the establishment
and maintenance of au adequate exhibit at
tho Columbian fair is well known to our
association and I deem it unnecessary to
enlarge upon it at this time I will say
however that upon our exertions will de-
pend in a great measure tho enjoyment of
those feelings of pride and elation which
thousands of Toxaus visiting the great fair
will experience when they enter the great
structure dedicated to the honor and glory
of Texas and decorated with the manifold
products of her fields mills mines and
looms
I will immediately appoint tho executive
board ono member from each senatorial
district as provided for by our constitu-
tion and upon consultation with them hav-
ing familiarized ourselves with the rules
and methods governing the workings of the
association I hope to offer such suggestions
of a practical nature as will aid the various
county and municipal boards of lady mana-
gers in organizing for and performing the
work assigned them To this end I earn-
estly request the officers of each local board
to furnish me their names and address at
earliest convenience
Realizing fully the responsibility of tho
office and pledging myself to a faithful per-
formance of its duties I thank you ono and
all for the distinguished honor you have
conferred upon me Very respectfully
Mbs W H Tobin
Presicent T C E A
German Methodist Conference
Special to the Gazette
Nbw Fountain Medina Coustt Tkx
Nov 7 The annual conference of the Ger-
man branch of the Southern Methodist
church is now in session here the Rev
Bishop O EL Fitzgerald of California pre-
siding
Clerical delegates Rev Kern presiding
elder San Antonio Knolle presiding
elder Industry Bader Castell Hensch
Grassy Valley MerkeL Waldron
Schenrich Somerset Jordan New
Braunfels Willman Maxwell Rabe
San Antonio Frenzel Frodricksburg
Gerdes Yorktown Gerser Cuero Weise
Weimar Schrimph Industry Mueller
New Braunfels
Lay delegates West Texas district
William Ernst Somerset William Koym
Armar A Koithmann Llano T Mues
nink New Fountain
Central Texas district A Bernlng
Houston
Much religious feeling is being mani-
fested in the community and the services
are largely attended
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Reference the current page of this Newspaper.
Fort Worth Gazette. (Fort Worth, Tex.), Vol. 13, No. 49, Ed. 1, Thursday, November 12, 1891, newspaper, November 12, 1891; Fort Worth, Texas. (https://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth90490/m1/1/: accessed May 4, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, The Portal to Texas History, https://texashistory.unt.edu; .