Fort Worth Daily Gazette. (Fort Worth, Tex.), Vol. 15, No. 67, Ed. 1, Sunday, December 21, 1890 Page: 4 of 16
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Agricultural Department
J JP BTELLE EDITOR
Pcrtisnrrs Notice All communications Intended for this department should be addressed to
Psor J P Ethttb Fort Worth Tex
TIis Sognr Bret for Texas
A pood leal bos already nppeored in
The Gazette with reference to an exist-
ing reasonable probability that the cul-
ture of sugar beets and the manufacture
of beet sugar might be mado a decidedly
profitable Industry for Texas Since the
publication of those article we hare
befa carefully mine away for ine in a
future article all obtainable information
bearing on the sugur beet nnd beet sugar
industry and tbe present time when a-
new Interest appears to bo awakening
with reference to the matter as evinced
by a recently published call at the hnnd3
of our efficient cotntniBsioner of lmmlgra
tlosi for Information on the subject
would seem to bo an auspicious time for
working up a rehash of what wo have
been able to collect
Senator W I Washburn of Minne-
sota who bus been making a very care-
ful study ot the beet sucar industry as
at pre ent existing within the United
States reports tlint the extensive manu-
facture of beet sugar in America may be
couned upon as but just begun Already
enough is known to show most conclu-
sively that this manufacture is not only
wholly feasible but that it is to become
an industry of Mien gigantic proportions
as are now little dreamed of by our peo-
ple The most careful Investigation hci left
him fully eouvmced that the success of
the beet sugar industry is established for
this country beyond any reasonable ques-
tion J he prosp cts ure entirely as
bright as one could hope for them to be
In his recent visit to Grand Island Neb
he made a thoiough eamination of the
great plant there It represents half a
million of capital Mr Oxnurd who is
one of the largest sugar refiners on our
continent told him there existed no
doubt wtatever but that on so good a
showing as was already inadu plenty of
capital would be forthcoming nt the
word to establish the industry in all
regions capnblu of making the sugar beet
as fair u sueeoss as it ia mado in Ne-
braska
Present indications he snyswould put
it that the merlcan sugurheot bolt be-
ginning in Minnesota extends southward
over tho two Dakotns across Nebraska
and thence downward how far down-
ward is oi yet undetermined In all
this groat belt beets for the iniinufactum
of supnr cnu b5 successfully grown and
the analyses so fir made show that
there is in them a greater per contngo of
saccharine matter than In the best pro-
duct of either Germany or Austria
There tho amount is from 12 to 14 while
the beets of thl < belt show up to from 11
to 10 They hnvo been lining at the
Grand Island factory this fall 3J0 tons of
beets daily and turning out CO000
pounds of firstclass sugsir
Mr Wnhbiirn says the Nebraskn far-
mers are finding beet production very
profitable 1 he factory pay them J
per ton for the beets containing 12 per-
cent of saccharine matter with 25 cents
added for each additional per cent
As the per cent of saccharine matter de-
pends a grt at deal upon the tare taken
in raising ihe beets it will be seen that
there is a marked incentive to the farmer
to put niuih attention to the matter of
cultivation A low average for beets is
twelve and n half ton to Iho noro
The running time of the Grand Island
fnctory is about four months in each
year but since it runs night anil day
through that time the running season is
cquliulcnt to cght mouths There has
liten some experimenting with silos
storing the heels for manufacture tho
year round but It has proven a very ex-
pensive met bed
At a late meeting of the Minneapolis
Minn chamber of commerce Mr F L
Whitney submitted u map shonine the
American sugar beet belt It begins in
Minnesota and reaches tou hwnrd cov-
ering all ihe plains east ot the Rocky
mountain range and extending west
with more or le s break to tho Im illo
const He represented that utmost any-
where within this belt beets cnuil lie suo
ceslully produced y elding from 10 to
16 per cent of saccharine matter In
his opinion the territory embraced within
this belt might iio made to produce beets
enough to supply the whoie world with
sugar President Noyes of the chamber
of commerce said the report was a most
important one as interctlng our whole
courtry and he desired to impress the
matter ol the sugar beet industry upon
the consideration of every person living
within the great beet belt
Of course it Is unnecessary for us to
state that these reports spread the
American sugar beet belt over I > ortherii
Texas In general and the Panhandle of
Texas in particular As tho sugar beet
is something of a warmcountry crop
the probability exists tlint the further
south we come on the neet belt the better
it will do Then there is another thing
to totlslder that certainly stands greatly
in our favor tho time for running n
beetsugar factory could lie made much
longer ill Texas than in Nebraska on
account of greater length of seasons
here The crop could lie put in with us
almost a month earlier than it could be
put in by the Nebraska people and it
could remain in the ground almost a
month later than thero thus giving us
nu advantage of almost two months If
It should be true as some writers claim
that the beet must be harvested at lirst
npeuesi so called to prevent loss
In saccharine matter wo could easily
nrrnnge for that In a wny that would
enable us to cover tho entire season by
starting our crop In Succession a
given acreage now a given acreage two
or throe weeks later and so on to
lengthen out the hnrvest period to its
latest days This arrangement would
keep the mills running through from
four to live months aud would further-
more bo of important ndvhutngo to the
grower os it would prevent the whole
rush of his work coming on ut tho same
time
It is but reasonable to suppose that
these lastmentioned rantters will be con-
fronted by a reference to past beetsugar
failures In California Those failures
could cut no llgure in the case as it has
been clearly proven that they were
purely due to flngrnnt mismanagement
California is well nware of this fact and
her people make no attempt at conceal-
ing it As an evidence of the faith that
is in the California people as fnr ns re-
lates to that particular matter Cali-
fornia Is now Investing millions of money
with a view to the reestablishment of
her beetsugar industry TJie Salinas
Cal Weekly Index soys there is
nothing whatever tho matter with the
beet in that country The whole trouble
sprung from waut of proper organization
on the part of producers and want of
capital on the part of manufacturers
But extensive mills are now being pnt up
In suitable localities It is only neces-
sary to provide sufficient capital to erect
suitable works and to understand how
to manufacture sugar In the most eco-
nomical way to make the thing a gen-
eral success Of course it must bo pre-
sumed that our farmers will act in hearty
cooperuton with our factories nnd that
they will fully realize the great Impor-
tance and benefit It is to them to have a
beetsugar factory located in their Im-
mediate vicinity nnd that they take
hold of beet raising in a friendly spirit of
rivalry and see who can raise the host
beets for sugar With sufficient capital
to erect suitable sugar works and with
farmers interested in furnishing a full
supply of good beets there can be no
such thing as n failure of the beetsugar
industry in California
In addition to the foregoing we have
a bulletin on tho same subject prepared
by the Salinas City Board of Trade
which says Machinery for a great
California beetsugar factory has just
arrived from Germuny too late for this
seasons operations of course Almost
every county in the state Is clamoring
for a beetsugar factory The wholo
country seems to lie aroused on the sub
ject of sugarbeet culture Orders for
seed have been received from ns far east
as Ohio So strong has been the run for
sugar beet seed that there is now no
more seed in California to let out It
is estimated that fully 2500 acres will bo
planted to sugar beets in the vicinity of
Westouville for the coming season Last
this season there were only 1C00 acres
planted An immense acreage will bo
planted to beets in otherlncalities This
year tho factories owing to limited sup-
ply will have only about a run of forty
days but the outlook at present would
seem to promise them a run ot three
months for next year
So you see the California failures
so much pointed to by persons disposed
to discourage tho beetsugar industry
have not a all discouraged the Cali
foruians
All the regions of th soonlled sugar
beet belt ure rousing themselves Utah
is into it and the Daily Tribune of Snlt
Lake City hopes that Mr Stayner will
succeed in establishing hl3 farm and his
beetsugar factory and make a com-
plete success of the business It would
be a great tiling for Utah if all the sugar
used in this territory could be manufac-
tured here It would save sending away
r great many tens of thousands of dol-
lars annually The Statesman of Boise
City Idaho says The interest felt
in the cultivation of the sugar beet in
this section suffers no abatement as the
season advances All who have had any
experience In beet culture know that the
soil and climate of the Boise and other
valleys of Southern Idaho aro well
adapted to this industry There
is uo doubt nbout the very large yield
per acre in beet roots and especially
in sugar beets which grow to the larg-
est sire What remains to bo tested ia
the percentage of saccharine matter in
tho roots Ibis seasons experiments
will fully determine tins and then ar-
rangements will be made looking to the
erection of a fuctory in BjIso for the
manufacture of sugar The Telegram of
Kansas says Iho Topekn t > ugur mills
are to be rebuilt at once nnd the com-
pany U arranging to plant a large acre
age to sugar beets with varieties im-
ported oireet from Germany If the ex-
periments with them are successful 200
acres more will be planted the year
after The idea Is to have the beet crop
to work on after the sorghum hurvest is
over From other documents in our collec-
tion it would seem that our ICansas
friends will make a mistake in their im-
ported seed Those who have experi-
mented with sugar beets in this country
seem to be pretty well agreed in tho
opinion that Imported seed does not give
tlu > best results bu that the best results
c ome from seed raised through two or
three generations in this country sav
third year seed It takes about three
yenrs to bring auout proner naturaliza-
tion to our peculiar conditions The
Grand Island people are fully down to
this convietlou and Rev George W
Chalfaiit tells us through the Nebraska
Leader that the best variety of sugar
beet found among those now being
worked up at the Graud Island Neb
sugar factory is the Sea beet Tho
original seed appears to have been ob-
tained iroin Holland nnd Mr Chalfaiit
says the variety seems to Improve with
every additional year of Its culture here
It is scarcely necessary fnr ti to state In
this connection that the sugar beets be-
long to varieties differing widely from
the ordinary beets of our garden culture
They ure usually of u whitish or yellow-
ish color and under treutment with that
end in v ew may bo grown to enormous
size We once raised a sugar beet that
weighed seventeen pounds But those
large beets are not tho kind wanted by
tho sugar manufacturer he wants a
comparatively small aud long beet The
large and overgrown beet Is always com-
paratively poor in saccharine principles
In preparing tho inud for sugar beets
it should be deeply worked and If clay
land made to contain vegetable matter
sufficient to keep it triable No stable
manure must be added as this seems to
damage the sacchrlne qualities of the
product Tho sugar beet appears to re-
quire a naturally rich soil rich enough
to produce it without the addition of
fertilizers other than plain vegetable
mutter to prevent baking or packing
The uniform small size of the product is
secured by planting close
As stated on a former occasion we
ore satisfied that Texas has every re-
quirement for the successful culture of
sugar beets The yop would get the
full advantage of our regular rams early
intheseasou These would develop it
to sufficient size of roots to entirely fit
the popular demand After this size has
been attained a dry season to follow is
best for tho crop as it prevents second
growth it develops a higher percentage
of saccharine matter The same rule
holds good with all root crops the sweet
potato Is always sweeter after lying
awhile in an inactive state than it is
while growing
It is certainly gratifying to ns to learn
that our people are interesting them-
selves in this sugar beet question If it
Is really so that there is a great sugar
belt iu this country and that we are in
It we ought to be bustling with a view
to getting for ourselves out of it all there
is for us And on this account we hope
all Texans who may have happened to
test sugar beets will at once seud sam-
ples to Gen ItViA Cameron commis-
sioner of Immigration Fort Worth
Tex as per ha request already printed
ia Tub Gazette Those Interested in
tho progress ot Texas who hare not as
yet made such tests should procure a few
seeds and make the tests next year Mr
Cameron says small packages of German
seeds can be obtained through your con-
gressman at Washington free of
course and larger quantities through
the same source at actual cost This Is
perhaps the best you can do la the way
of seeds While American seeds might
be better It is not at all certain that
they acclimated to some other locality
would be any better for Texas Tho
probability is that for very best results
Texans will have to acclimate their seeds
to Texas and if so German seed would
stand a fair chance of being as good to
start with as would seed from any other
region
In our own mind we are fully satisfied
as to bow all wellmade tests will pan
out If properly conducted they will
prove thesugar beet to be an entire suo
cess with us and following close upon
the heels of this proof will come the
great beet sugar mills And in this con-
nection we might suggest it as a good
plau for tests to be made in concert by
the citizens of a particular locality for
It is but reasonable to suppose that the
localities first to make a really good
showing will be the first to get the big
sugar mills A sugar mill costing half a
million dollars or more and taking at
good figures tho agricultural produots of
a region will be no bad thing for that
particular region to have The matter
is certainly ono well worth looking after
by our farmers organizations Say ten
members of some Allinuco should next
year each cultivate onefourth of an
aero to sugar beets that concerted ex-
periments of th irs might secure one of
tho big sugar mills But even should
this not happen there could still be no
loss to the experimenter for tiiose sugar
beets make a firstclass stock feed
On Judging Wool
The Town nnd Country Journal of
Australia says comparatively few people
know how to judge a sheep with u view
to finding out the quality of wool it pro-
duces Tho finest and softest wool Is al-
ways on the shoulders hence an expert
nt judging sheep invariably lookj at
the wool on the shoulders first Here he
establishes his standard for the lleece
Of course the wool of other portions of
the animal will not be quite so fine but
If it comes well up towards tho standard
the fleece cau bo pronounced upon as
very even whloh is cu Important re-
quirement Next scrutinize the length
of the staple and if round that the wool
on the ribs thigh and back approxi-
mates reasonably In length to that of the
standard the decision mav bo mnde that
the wool is also even as to length
Density of the fleece is next to be looked
nfter which is doue by closing the hand
upon a portion or the rump and loiu
wool these points being usually the
thinnest and most faulty If this again
gives satisfactionthe wool Is pronounced
even as to density This all to-
gether makes up the correct fleece in
other words if the wool approaches in
fineness to the shoulder standard and Is
nearly of equal length on shoulder rib
and bnck and nearly of equal density
nu shoulders and across tho loins the
sheep may be pronounced upon as a
perfect wool producer in Its grude
< < Tll Unttle of thn Ilrends
One often hears this expression nowa-
days In Its reference to the cattle In-
terests but it really carries no correot
meaning There is no battle of the
breeds if there is going on a battle at
all it is simply a battle of the breeders
due to wholesome competition which Is
all right One breeder makes a specialty
of a certain breed of line cuttle cud it is
entirely right and proper for him to
make the most possible out of bis
busluess With this end in view he
represents his as tho best breed aud
doubtless his representations are correct
so far as relates to the purposes to whloh
a mau desires to apply his stoi ir There
are many men of ranny miuds and
many purposes and therefore we huve
need of many breeds of cattle to fill the
general demand In our opinion Texns
or any other cattle region for that
matter has not one breed of good cut
tle too many There Is no battle of the
breeds we have ro9m enough for all of
them
The man who buys the stoik for his
own use is the man who must decide the
battle of tho breeders and he must
do it through a careful consid-
eration of what he wants the
stock for And to work this consid-
eration up to his own udvantage there
ure lots of tilings he should look to that
do not ulways appear on the surface to
the most casual observer He must not
depend upon past reports for his guid-
ance for the world is in an age of such
rapid progress that the things of only
half a decn ie tack mav huve been en-
tirely superceded by the things of to-
day The vices of yesterday so to
speak may through the aid ot science
and machinery be figuring as the iead
lug virtue of today For instance
savs the editor of the New Dairy writ-
ing on this same subject one breed of
cattle may yield a tremendous quantity
of milk but heretofore that mflk has
been considered so poor In butter fat
that the breed was not regarded with
favor ns nbutter breed but now here
pops to the surfuce the newly invented
extractor which whirls all the butter
out of 1800 pounds of milk in less than
an hour Upon this builds the question
Does that 1800 pounds of milk yield as
much butter as would 800 pounds that
might be bad from the same number or
socalled butter cows as It took
in some other breed to give the 1800
pounds If the 1800 pounds of milk
yields ns much butter as the 800 pounds
then there is uothiug left to nrgue over
for the extractor has made it as easy
a thing to get the butter from one quan-
tity as from the other Of course the
milking process has called for some more
labor In case of the larger quantity but
theu the breed yielding the larger quan-
tity wus a large breed and therefore a
beer breed as well as a milk breed and
this fact can no doubt be made to cover-
all outlay Involved in the extra milking
Then that extra quantity ot milk left
after an extraction of the butter Is not a
thing or no value It feeds the calves
nnd It reeds bogs and these collaterals
are just the same as so much cash in
hand
ir the purpose or a man is to produce
cream or butler only then the smaller
butter breeds are perhaps the cattle that
be should choose but should he wish to
produce beer also then sound reasoning
will direct him to the larger breeds He
will then in either case proceed to
weigh the comparative cost or kenping in
its relation to results Which breed eats
the most in its production of given re-
sults and which will live the longest
and do the most work In n lifetime under
average treatment It the big cow eats
more than the little cow does she not
live longer and do more proportionate
work Isi t not cheaper to carry three
tons of cow in four skins than in six Is
not the cost and the risk n running
these extra milk and buttermachines
greater In proportion than would be that
of running tho sama material wrapped
up in a single skin
All these things are to be considered by
the purchaser aud after their due and
Intelligent consideration It will be found
that there Is no battle of too breeds
out ample room for all
Abasing Bones
The Sontbern Cultivator says one of
the most serious fault to be pointed out
in not a few hired men lies In their dis-
position to abuse horses placed under
their charge It is true that formers
through scarcity of the help supply
are sometimes forced to employ men that
they would rather not have oould they
help themcolves yet every farmer ought
by nil menus to make a strenuous effort
at filling the place of all such men as
will not work a team without abusing It
Some horses have more Intelligence than
the m n who work them and It may be
added that abuse of horses Is by no
means confined to hired hands The
writer has occasionally known a man
whoso temper was so violent that he
could not resist the temptation to abuse
bis team Wheu a man has trouble with
his horses and cannot manage them as
well as he may like In nine cases out of-
ten It is his own fault There ure but
few horses that are not tractable
docile if they are treated properly
miirht be well for him to investigate
matter it he does not get along with
RT apBgg
and
It
the
the
management of horses as well as he
ought
It is a matter or some importance to be
able to handle horses properly and n
worthy motive that prompts n mun to
became proficient in this direction
Pickled Pork
A correspondent of the Indiana Farmer
gives bis pi n for putting up pickled
pork which he says always proves en-
tirely successful
To each gallon of water add one and a
half pounds of salt half a pound of
brown sugar and half nn ounce of salt-
peter Boil all together and skim off
such impurities ns may arise to the sur-
face Place in nn open tub to oool
Pack the meat closely iu a barrel and
wheu the pickle is entirely cool pour it on
Weight the meat down to keep it well
under the pickle or if the barrel is en-
tirely full head up The meat should
have been cut up and luid udoo boards
sufficiently loug to drip out all blood and
become entirely cool before packing
uway in the barrels
Irrigation In neorgln
Col Sidney Herbert agricultural odl
tor of the Atlanta Journal says Irriga-
tion means greater prosperity even in
thnt Btate of heavy rainfall Impressed
with this fact Mr Weaver Jones of Madi-
son will soon sink an artesian well to be
employed In irrigating his plantation
His lands do not iio entirely favornbte
tor irrigation but be will terrace them
in such a way as to admit running the
water over them To get a good outflow
in bis nelghbornood n well must go down
about 3000 feet but even that drawback
does not deter Mr Jones for he well
knows that irrigations will enablo him to
make regular aud immense crops
It would doubtless be a good thing for
Texas if all her farmers living in the re-
gions where artesian wells can be bad at
such comparatively small expense wore
possessors of the faith in irrigation that
is moving Mr Weaver Jones of Georgia
Slnnnrlng the Orchard
The land may be entirely rich In its
natural state and yet luck some element
of plant food needed by the orchard tree
to make it do its best An experienced
fruit grower has asserted that fruit trees
cannot thrive and do well any more than
cows or hogs without proper feed Most
people generally expect too much of land
in orchard Tbey not only do not fer-
tilize their trees but stop manuring the
crop planted This policy is suicidal
for after planting and waiting for trees
to tome in bearing It would certuinly be
economy to have them bear pnying orops
for a long terra of years Of course one
may not know exactly what element tho
trees slnnd in need of but he can always
get rightly at tho thing by npplying
abundantly some kind of perfect manure
allowing the trees to bunt out what they
need The trees will always attend to
that matter Stable or cowfot manure
approaches very nearly to u perfect ma-
nure
Fnrm r laving letter
Mr John M Stahl editor of the
Qulncy 111 Farmers Coll says he lg
heartily glad to notioe that farmers
throughout tho entire country nre ns a
rule fairly entering upon nn ago of ad-
vance towards bet er living generally
They are stepping to a higher plane and
It is altogether good that they should be
God mado beautiful and tine and elevat-
ing things to bo used and enjoyed and a
man Is both happier and better becnuse
of magazines and books and musio and
paintings and carriages and handsome
furniture A nice dwelling hns a tend-
ency to make n man better not worse
good nent clothing raises a man up it
does not pull him down If farmers can
afford this better living it is wholv a
good thing but of course mjoh depends
upon whether or not we can afford it
But nil progressive farmers are certainly
moving towards a better condition for
affording it than characterized a deoade
of years back
ANSWERS TO CORRESPONDENTS
This department is devoied to answering such
questions as may be asked by onr subscribers
wnich may be of general Information Inquiries
of personal character that require answer by
mail should always have stamps inclosed Please
Five full name and postofiico address in addi-
tion to any such signature as Subscriber or
A G D not for publication bat to enable
ns to communicate promptly with the Inquirer
Parties desiring answers by mail must inclose
stamp lor return postage
What Irrigation Ha Done
I am a temporary resident of your city late
from California and since my sojourn here
have been reading the agricultural department
of the Fort Worth Qaiettb with keen interest
and especially the admirable articles appearing
in it on the subject or irrigation I can assure
you there Is more for Texas in irrigation than
persons withou experience In that dlrecion
would ever dream of Away back the people of
California looked npon irrigatiou about as the
of Texas now seem to be looking npon it
Seople ot them thought It might b a
rather fair thing in localities where it could be
easily applied but that it was no reil necessity
But a few persevering rersoos like yourself
thought they saw much for California ia lrre
gation and so kept hammering away in its
favor until they eventually got the ball in mo-
tion and now irrigation is on of the biggest
things in existence for the Pacific slope It has
bailt California np from about nothing in that
line to the leading agricultural ana horticnl
tnral state in the Union Irrisratlon has panned
ont more gold for California than was ever
panned ont from her mines For instance
at Anaheim in I < os Angeles county where I
have my home there existed not very many
years agcrlittle more than a barren waste Tho
people who lived there managed to get along
auer a way and while they enrsed California
agriculture as something without profit they
couldnt think of any means by which it coald
be made more profitable Indeed it is mtr
than probable that they never thought much
about any chance for greater profits Bat finally
irrigation got hold of the region and the whole
valley was pnt under the system A great
IJFWT W n
THE GAZETTE FORT MrOTl H TEXAS SJTNDAT DECEMBER 2U
change for the better at once took shape Event-
ually most ot the valley was planted out to
English walnuts Nobody seemed to know
much about why they were planted it seemed
to be the remit of a kind of craze for planting
English walnnts They didnt seem to much
inerfere with other crops so everybody
filiated walnuts merely because it was fash
onable to do so
Well those walnut groves are now jnit com-
ing into good bearing with the tall premise ot
continnicg to bear for 1U1 years They bring to
their owners in clear cash from UM to 500 p r
acre and the entire crop of the valley has footed
up for this year not less than Ji000 Only
twentyseven trees weie planted to the acre but
each tree yields on an average 20 worth of nuts
the yield will bs much Heavier as the trees
groir older
Nineteen years ago the county of Fresno was
a desert given over to the Jackrabbit Nothing
could be safely trusted as a snmmer crop be-
cause of expected drontb In 1S7I an irrigation
canal was completed and it brought in SoO new
settlers The starting outlook was not
at all enconraging to the canal com-
pany but more colonists cams next year
and they conlinued to come until now there are
25toopeorle ettled along that canal and ihe
lands have advanced In price from 2 an acre 10
flO to S50Uan acrs Fresno county now has six-
teen canal systems with SnOO acres in grain
and alfalfa 0MJO acres in vineyards and 30 > O
acres in orchards And irrigation has done it
nil A L McVey
Fort Worth Texas
This letter culls for no comment from
us The writer has made out his cae
with a degree or clearness thnt could not
be bettered He has plainly shown that
while a good country with uncertain
rainfall may sustain a light population
alter a way a good country with uncer-
tain rainfall cannot under a correct
system of irrigation do otherwise than
become a great and populous country
A Kem rt7 fnr Drouth
Yon are having a great deal to say in favor of
irrigation as a reraody for drouth but it must
be remembered that there are many farmers in
Texas who are so situated that it would not be
possible for them to irrigate their land In
such case what would you recommend as the
best course to pursue with a view to so far as
meeting the disastrous effects of
Snssible TcEsnn Ecnou
B ack Creek Kendall County Tex
Deep preparation of the soil for the
crop and ir possible working Into it a
liberal nmount ot wellrotted vegetable
matter Is the first thing to be attended
to Deep preparation is important even
though you cannot apply the vegetable
matter The office of the vegetnble
matter is to prevent packing or baking
in severe drouth The next thing Is
shallow and frequent cultivation after
the crop is started provided of course
that It is a cultivatnblecrop It Is always
best to get over the land with your shallow
cultivation as soon ns possible after each
rain dont wait for weods or grass to
call your attention to the need of culti-
vation You have doubtless heard a
great deal about mulching spreading
some kind of litter over the laud as n
protection against drouth It is a cor
rect principle anri this is why the shallow
cultivation Is recommended It is to form-
a mulch There is no better mulch than
a surTace Mayer of finelybroken soil
und certainly none other Is so in-
expensive With this deep prepara-
tion nnd surface mulch of loose
soil you get the full benefit of
all moisture passing in tho air even
though none of it should be let down as
rain Vou will be able to notice a liven-
ing up of your crop so often as a shower
of rain passes in your neighborhood
though it mny be miles away Tho
shower imparts moisture to tho atmos-
phere which passing through your
porous soil leaves a portion of that moist-
ure condensed The sollmuloh at the
surfuco prevents the moistures rapid
escape But in the ease of a close aud
compact soil there are no open-
ings for the atmosphere to pass
in ut and berlce no con-
densation of moisture The dews of
night are husbanded in the same war A
clipping in our scrap book from the New
York Kxamluer says My remedy ror
drouth is oftrepeated shallow cultiva-
tion and long experience has proved it
to be far superior to mulching with straw
or similar material for conserving moist-
ure in the soil My onions nnd beets have
grown to n very fair size and
peas yielded an excellent crop of well
tilled pods though the ground to a
depth of sixteen Inches seemed as de-
void of moisture as a keg or powder
Everything on the place that received
constant shallow cultivation has with-
stood tho severe drouth aud heat re-
markably well while everything neg-
lected in this respeot Is now withered
and almost lifeless or dead
Want U to lie runny
I am no agriculturist bnt I read the agricultu-
ral department of Tnx Gazettk entirely through
with decided interest every week I am just be-
ginning to learn that agricultural literature is
good reading even for persons who are not ag-
riculturists It may not bo all alike but I find
in this agricultural matter of Tun Gazette a
vein of droit humor running through the dryest
subjects that cuts ont all their dryness and
make3thern pleasant reading Then there are
many new and original bits that are decidedly
funny Qive us plenty of these
Fort Worth Texas A Ladv
Wo dont claim to be funny In any-
thing we write It is our rule to speak
of things exactly as they appear to us
and if it so happeus that they are funny
things then of course we cannot be-
held responsible for their appearing to
others as tbev appear tons We dont
dare to mako any attempt at being
funny To borrow from Dr Holmes
It wouldnt do for us to be as funny ns
we could or words to that effect Of
course tho whys in tho two cases belong
to widely different varieties The
idea intended to be conveyed
by Dr Holmes was that Bhould
he fairly let himself out at being funnv
bo would become a criminal through
causing people to laugh themselves to
death but our rulltiess of an attempt at
being funny would carry the reader to a-
very different extremo It would make
him feel so sad that friends meeting him
would naturally jump to the conclusion
that he was just on the eve of some great
financial calamity and that either to
be or not to be or to skip or not to
skip was the question uppermost in
lib prevailing thoughts
Cnrbollo Acid for CUrcnllo
An agricultural paper that I am taking says
diluted carbolic acid thrown over plum or peach
trees early in spring will entirely protect the
fruit from curcullo Uo yon know anything
about this remedy Wonld yon recommend it
as something > o be safely relied on We can
raise both plums and peaches to perfection
here bnt we find It hard to get much ripe fruit
entirely clear of worms Chas Poulsson
Lampasas county Tex
We hare ourself read of late a good
deal about that curcullo remedy but can
say uothiug concerning Jt from personal
experience or observation Our reason-
ing would set us rather against it as
something to be safely relied on Pro-
fessor John Martin assistant state en-
tomologist of Illinois says in a late pub-
lication As the curcullo comes forth
In spring It must be some distance from
the fruit that is likely to become viotitn
to its ravages Through some
sense probably smell it Is at-
tracted to the fruit Hence
the remedy suggested and praoticed by
Mr J N Stearns or Kalamazoo Mich
to mix one pint of strong crude carbolio
acid with fifty pounds of newly slacked
lime and throw this Into tbs trees In the
early morning while the dew is still on
The theory that tbs strong odor will
disguise the trees so the curcullo will not
find them or else Is so repugnant to the
weevils that they will Eivalhem the go
pjBSS tea6gw 9a pfea
by Two years ago I tried this remedy
with seeming success One year ago and
this year I tried it most thoroughly and
with no success at all Trees heavily
powdered before the ouroulio commenced
their attack bad in a week not a single
unstung plum though there bad been no
rrin in the Interim The trees were small
so though they were in full bearing the
plums wore not very numerous I con-
sider these tests crucial While I would
not say that this treatment might not
sometimes do good and possibly save a
crop 1 do say emphatically that it is not
reliable and cannot be depended on to
save our plums I am sure that I applied
this material more thoroughly than most
growers would do
Grafting the Iecnn
In your advecacy of pecan culture for
you are certainly hitting the nail qui
the head But as you suggest startingagrovo
without knowing positively that you arestartlng
with desirable varieties is rather a risky thing
for one lifetime Cannot the pecin be success
fully grafted like the ordinary fruit trees
Madisonvilie Tex
The pecan is sometimes grafted but
is rattier a hard tree to graft All tUe
hickory family of which the pecan bja
member i regarded as hard to grafjjj
We have succeeded iu grafting the pecan
on the pecan and also on the butternut
hickory but our per cent of success has
been comparatively small Our method
was cleft graftiug ia the base of the
stock where it grew Wed always pra-
ter planting the nuts and starting a grove
of seedliuzs If the nuts of a desirable
variety can be obtained from a tra J
growing a Tew hundred yards from any
other pecan tree or at least from a trita
of inferior variety they ill be very apt
to come true but it must be admitted
that planting nuts without knowing
whence they came Is rather a risky bus-
iness lor different varieties will some-
times cross on each other to a material
change in the character of next genera-
tions fruit
Second Crop Apples
Mr E P Liugenfelter of Fort Worth
has sent us half n dozen very pretty little
apples representing a seoond growth on
his tree for this season They are near
the size of wild goose plums aud the
seeds are almost ready to turn when tho
frost struck them The blossoms from
which they sprung camo out nfter our
first rain following the surumep drouth
This confirms our theory to the effect
that the trees in this portion ot Texns go
into a regular rest when tno dry season
is upon us and then start Into a new
spring as It were when the full rains
appear
Such freaks as presented by Mr Lin
genfelters apple tree are very exhaust-
ing to the tree and much against heavy
fruitfulness ror the next season
POPULAR SGIENCE
Typhoid In Garden Trnck Nnw Method of
Treating Bono Fractures The World Is
Wobbling A nival of Flctrlclty
Greatest Aerolite What is
Sngar Etc Etc
Dr C M Cresson has somewhat
stirred up the people of Philadelphia by
announcing the discovery of typhoid
bacilla in large representation in the
common garden celery The idea ad-
vanced is that garden vegetables raised
by heavy manuring are n very propaga-
tion house for typhoid fever What
next
Thanext grent scientific discovery is
heralded from narana Cuba A uiedi
cal student there has found that an ap-
plication of phosphorus in the case of
broken bones causes those bones to unite
in halt the time required for them to do
so without it and tho union is firmer
The phosphorus is given internally in the
form of phosphide of zino from one
eighth to onequarter of n grain daily
A knowledge of tho fnot that phosphorus
enters largely into bou structure gives
the thing a high degree of plausibility
It has long been thought by many that
our marked change of seasons as to uni-
form character must be wholly due to
some peculiar condition upon the earth
and not to outside planetary Influences
as some contend Mr M Radon hns
just announced to the Puns academy of
sciences a new theory of his own going
towards an establishment of the former
theory n says a movement of the sen
causes the changes by foroing the earth
Into a slight deviation or nxis Br cal-
culations carefully made he has decided
that a mass or water 500 cublo miles in
extent could produce upon the whole
earth an effect largo enough to be felt
Compressed enrbonio ncld gas is now
comiug into use on shipboard for freez-
ing meat brine being oooled by the ex-
panding gns and circulated in pipes On
a steamer which carried 39000 carcasses
of mutton t > Liverpool from South
America the meat was kept in excellent
ooudition by this process with a saving
of fourlift lis of the former coal con-
sumption for working the refrigerating
machinery
New interest Is awakening In com-
pressed air ns a means of distributing
motive power Birmingham Ala has
been experimenting with It on a pretty
large scale and Professor Lupton says it
has been discovered that the air from the
street mains may be applied to either
light or heavy work the engines now
used by consumers in Birmingham vary-
ing from onehalf to fifty horsepower in
size The loss by friotion through trav-
eling by pipes is slight even at a dis-
tance of two miles and the indicated
horsepower at some of the places served
Is as much as 73 per cent of that at tho
compressing station Tho compressed
air may be used for driving eleotrio
lighting machinery or for working street
railways
Those shooting stars as we call
them are meteorites or aerolites They
are composed of a bard irony substance
which is usually destroyed in the passage
of the body through the atmosphere
before the earths surface is reached
but not always Aerolites of consider-
able size do sometimes reaob the earth
and the largest one now known on the
Western hemisphere has lately been
safely boused in the national museum of
Brazil at Rio Janeiro It weighs
11800 pounds Originally It lay imbed-
ded in the ground near Bendego creek
in one of the most inaccessible portions
of Brazil The cost of transporting it
from the place where it first struck
American soil was defrayed by Baron
Greahy The surrey of the route and
preliminary arrangements ocoupled three
months its journey to the capital ocou
pled near fire months more
During the more than four months
that it was being hauled and rolled
through tbe wilderness to tba nearest
railroad station by mau and mule power
It crossed over 100 streams of all sizes
was taken over one mountain oh ain 8700
feet in height besides many smaller ele-
vations All ot this in a region wnere
to best roads ar only mule jwb
f r X
s of lCC
of ScfiSrSess rulmonic Syrcp ass
nsunption Coughs CoWs I s
cess SoreThroat c It contains no cpa > it
pleasant to tho taste
For Sale by all Druggists Pries J1M per
bottle Dr Scacncks Book on Consaipta
and Its Cure mailed free Address
v i v
DrJHSehonckSor
v
sxi J > i
CsVOIES FAVOalSE
Alwav3PHI tl > e k pcrtectbrSafe Ths
tiaeuuMKfbytiiomtmakl nosmill over Uj
United Spats in tiie OrfUoetnrJ private rn n
pracU < Jor3iye r io 3jot3 ia ie luid remu
l rcrrcsui TaDitjr x
2tiRietATeturn l U jrrt as rcpfwenttU Ftnl t
usts stamps tar tested 1 > rlinUr Ra1 rvcein
UK only never knasvarto Uttl remedy by nail
Ji < t > Tt TvATtD CO
> 3 > I19NorthSeveathOUStLoiusio
pluck and energy displayed by the Iirs
zlllan scientists In moving this glgantio
airstone to their national miueuiu Is a
curious commentary on the scientific
Ideas of the early part of the century
which denied the existence of such
bodies ns aerolites It furthermore
sneaks well for tbe advanced stau ot
science in Brazil
Tbe investigation of color bllndnsii
made within the past tow years in con
nectioti with railroad Interests has aston-
ished the world nt the extent of ehario
terlstlu color blindness found among the
people The railroad investigations
roused curiosity with rererence to tbs
matter and led to quite a general iaro
tigation throughout the civilized world
and it is now estimated that rally 4 per-
cent of all the male Inhabitants ot the
world cannot see green and red cor-
rectly though the par cent is mueh
lighter with feranles With a still larger
per cent thero nre slight differences ot
color sense partly due to the difference
of habit and training but of little or uo
practical importance Many who ars
not coiorbllud nre surprislugly color
ignornnt seeing colors perfectly but be-
ing unable to name even tho most com-
mon
In case of the real or primitive colors
the greatest defects are found on red euil
yellow especially atnight some helnH
blind on one of these colors mid some
on tbe other but rarely on both in the
same subject To those blind on
yellow the yellow color entirely fnilei
out under artlUulal light leaving only a
clear whito
What is sugar is a question one
often hears asked In his Cantor
Lectures Mr R Bannister of London
undertakes to answer this question by
stating that the sense of taste which re-
sides in tho gustatory nerves of ibe
tongue seems to havo been provided for
the purpose of gunrding against the tak-
ing Into the system through the mouth
of uny corrosive or injurious substances
and also for the purpose or imparting
pleasure to the necessary uct or eating or
driukiug Thnt it has been given to
man us a source ot true enjoyment is un-
doubted when Indulged in moderation
but otherwise it provides a fruitful
source or mischief through putting too
much work on tho digestive onrniis
The sense of taste divide
nil substances presented to it
into four heads sweets bitters
ealmes andpacids Sugar when taken
into the mouth in n solid condition ii
speedily dissolved by the saliva aud ia
that stato is able to stimulato tho division
of taste known as sweetness It is an
important constituent of milk and as It
Is the most easily digestible heatmnin
tnlning substance it is not surprising
that it should be round In tbe milk of
mammalia Though an Important con
stituentot a normal diet it would not
maintain life iu itself and animals fed
on it alone without the addition of nitro-
genous foods 60on dio Whon taken
Into the stomach it passes unchanged
Into the blood end is there changed into
carbonic acid gas nnd water a chanee
which is accomplished by the evolution
ot heat Consequently sugar whether
in its natural state or as produced by the
digestion of stach is ono of the agents
primarily engaged in maintaining the
heat of tho body By reason also ot
Its thomical and physical propr
ties it diminished t o oxidation
of the fatty nnd uitrcgenous substances
of tho body aud thus Indirectly con-
tributes to the weight of tho body and to
tbe deposit ot rat in the subcutaneous
tissues whereby the loss of the body
beat is retarded or largely prevented
The instinctive love of sugar seems to
point out how well it Is adapted tr our
natural wants This love is not confined
to one nntion wherever it is most easily
obtained there its consumption Is found
to be the largest
Speaking of sugar reminds us that tne
German chemists who have already dis-
covered the sweetest substance in tn
world and also the worst smelling sab
stance in the world nre now cotlvely
engaged on a method for making arti-
ficial sugar sure enough sugar The
group or bodies termed by chemists the
carbohydrates because ther are com-
posed or carbon united with oxygen nnd
hydrogen In the proportion iu which
these two elements comblno to form
water contain the well kuown series of
sugars gums and starches Tbe obemi
cal composition of these bodies has Ions
been known but a knowledge of thair
constitution thnt is the mode in which
their several constituent parts are put
together has only recently been ac-
quired This newly acquired knowledge
is being taken advantage or by the Ger-
man chemists with Proressor EaiU
Fischr at their head and they expect to
soon be able to turn out firstclass sugar
In nny quantities desired with > ut any resort
either beets to any of
sort to cane or or
the other substances now employed lo
the manufacture of glucose The onlr
thing in the way itIs thought will he
the great cost of the product It will b9
too costly to put into successful com
titlon with the old style sugars
Call at Gazettx business ofl SsaderVSj
his papers T rniusuMgttfiita
W
sS y > FwWi Ihe Janday Gasrta only
i the JJsJly OiXBixa only fix
mf
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Fort Worth Daily Gazette. (Fort Worth, Tex.), Vol. 15, No. 67, Ed. 1, Sunday, December 21, 1890, newspaper, December 21, 1890; Fort Worth, Texas. (https://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth88201/m1/4/: accessed May 21, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, The Portal to Texas History, https://texashistory.unt.edu; .