The Civilian and Galveston Gazette. (Galveston, Tex.), Vol. 11, Ed. 1, Thursday, February 1, 1849 Page: 2 of 4
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THE CIVILIAN.
H. STtUBT Bliter.
MONDAY JANUARY 29 1S49.
SPKINU to all appearances hits fjirly set in.
Tin weather is dear warm and delightful ; and the
fegetaUe and tower gardens wear what further to-
wards the north would be the livery of May.
TUB STEAMER WASHINGTON' Captain Havi-
tand has rctracl to the mouth uf the Iirazos where
the aimed yesterday morning itU fiie hundred and
forty two Lalca cotton.
THE STE.UUER YACHT lea this port Tor kivaca
Lite on Friday evening made the whole voyage and
was back at daylight on Sunday morning. Ualvcstun
as the desciples of Mcsnicr would say has been put
in dose communication with her western neighbors.
AN EEL fire feet six inches in length and wel
proportioBed was caught yesterday at Blind Bayou
on Galveston Island and brought to the Trcmont
House. He looked as though he might be first cousin
to the aaa serpent.
TUE STEAMER Dr KOSSET concerning the
safety of which Tessel rumors and apprehensions ap
pear to bare been indulged arrived at the liraios San-
tiago without accident. Some of the passengers have
returned to this port.
TUE GOODS Mixed on the schooner Star in 1847
fur an inept to escape the payment of duties at the
lUo Grande when oar army was in possesion of.Mei
ieo wen sold here on Fridayand brought we belie re
pretty gooa prices considering itie description of the
nicies and the time they hare been on hand. The
Bales amounted to several thousand dollars.
A portrto of the Free Soil Faction of New York
bare asswned the (tyle of " the Northern Light As-
sociation." Tbey recently gave what they term J a
grand Soiree Pansratc"and invited Mr. Van Buren
but instead of bis attendance they received a lugubri
us letter in which be declined their cabbage and at'
tempted todefine thcirposition. They have evident
ly taken aproper title. Tlic Northern light is " born
of nothing" and hovers over cold sterile and deso-
late regions. 3Ir. Van Durcn evidently contemplates
it with the feelings of thc pcot :
111 lit opftn lb citl I Nonh LItht :
A.d miM. .pnn lti .Ly. Ions gone ;
SMtklll ial.fr .oil bril:
AaJ lrl xhu .11 1. cul J .11J tone."
CAIT. SAMUEL HIGIIS.MITU an old pioneer
sAoldicr of 1 cxas and recently in command of a com"
pany of Rangers died at San Antonio on thc lUth
inst of influcma. We extract thc following notice of
the deceased from the San Antonio Western Texian.
"CapLlhcHsMiTiiwasA native cf Kentucky.
He was born in 18PGnnd at the time of his death
wa 42 years of age. He emigrated to Tens in IS"Jfi
and bas resided prinpally upon this frontier ever
aincc. He was ainnm; thc first to tike un arms in the
cause of Texas in her revolutionary struggle in Ic35
was at the storming and taking of this city with
the heroic Milam in December of that year and par-
ticipated in many other conflicts during the war both
with the Mexican enemy and with the Iudians. Af
ter the storm o! war had in a measure subsided he
returned to the walks of private Cfe. in which ho liol.t
a number of stations of honor and trust and was es-
teemed u an honest upriglt just and law-abiding
ciuccn. 11 tne commencement ot the war between
the U. States and Mexico be received authoritr to
raise a company of Rangers for frontier protection
mm au wij bmiwij uj MlUUUS.lOll CUHUnUPU
in that service until almost the very day of bis death
having been relieved by the U. S. troops and mus-
tered out of the service at Austin but a few days
einee.1
THE STATE GAZETTE. Vt. II. Cushney Esq.
will commence at Austin early in March the pub-
lication of a paper under this title in quarto form
nnd or larger size than any newspaper in the state.
The publisher promises to bestow great care upon
the mechanical ctceution of the paper. Particular
attention will be given to the proceedings of thc Leg-
islature to tbe publication of the laws immediately
nfser their passage and to the acts nnd measures of
the Executive Administration. In politics the State
Gazette will be democratic.
We doubt not that the Gazette will prove a highly
interesting and useful paper.
PANAMA r. TEHUANTEPEC The following
occurs in the Baltimore Sun' s Washington letter of
the I5th inst:
The bill yesterday reported by Mr Benton in the
Senate antlrorizing the Government to contract with
Messrs Aspinwall and others of New zork for the
transportation by steam of the public stores mails
etc across the Isthmus of Panama when thc pro-
posed railroad over that isthmus shall have been com-
pleted is Kkely to gire rie toan important and inter-
esting debate when it shall come up for consideration
involving not only the relative advantages of the Pa-
nama and IheTelraantcpecrouteSjbut thc policy which
induced oar Government to yield their demand to the
right of way across the Isthmus of Tehuantepee as
one of the conditions of tbe late treaty or peace be-
tween tbe United States and Mexico.
The Mexican commissioners it will be recollected
declined complying with this demand of our Govern-
ment on tbe ground that tbe grant had been made to
tbe British Government and on expired arrangement
it is onderstood. bas since been renewed with Mr.
Mackintosh by tbe Mexican Government.
TnepropuaodTcnlrtuntepecronte(liyashipcsnal)
is nearly m thousand miles nearer to New Orleans by
water than is the Panama note over which the pro
paged raUraad of Mr. Aspinwal and others is to be
sjsaispiuited.
TbedUtawcc ncroM tbe Isthtmu of Panama.it will
la wen from tbe map is about 60 miles and across
tbe Isthmus of Teuhuantcpec about 100 miles.
A ship canal across the latterit bas long since been
ascertained by aorveyscan be very easily made and
with very alight excavations except in the very few
tank of territory which lie between thc bead waters
of tbe Ilonsacoalco river on the Atlantic aide and
tbose of the Chimalapa river on tbe Pacific ; both of
abtch riven it baa lung since been ascertained can
fa easily rendered navigable to within these few in-
turieuuig miles.
MrsTcazoi'i Disirrsumncri TI Rev. John
limber Pastor of the Presbyterian Church at Wash-
ington Texas arrived on the steamboat Gen. Lane
irora Louisville on Thursday and came to the city
from Lafayette where the boat landed ; and having
engaged bis passage on the Galveston boat he visited
tbe Bible Depository on Camp street where he pur-
chased several books nnd left there a few minutes af-
ter 9 o'clock to return to the Gen. Lane since when
be bas not been beard of. There is no ppbability
that be fell overboard in attempting to get on board
of .the boat at night a. the crew were actively en
'gaged in landing freight until midnight with numer-
ous torches buruing on the wharf and tbey saw noth-
ing of .bun. TIw (ear is that be has been foully dealt
without fPasaing through the uninhabited and little
frequented pace that bes between the upper suburbs
of tbe city "and Lafayette. AT. O. Bulletin.
A.Turk was -puMic'lr 'beheaded at Constantinople
lately for the crime of having while in a state of in--toxicationarJ
that be did not core actrawfur Allah
xbe Prophet.
'N
WEDNESDAY JANUARY 31 I&19. J
GALVESTON was never moro healthy than it is
now and lias been during the whole of the present
winter. Wc have hadnothinglilcthccholcraamnnp
us. The weather is fine and wholesome J and lur-
ing escaped thus fur though In a somewhat exposed
situation we have now great confidence in escaping
entirely the ravages of thc'pc-tilencc which has prov-
ed so fatal at New Orleans. The great mortality
which has occurred in that city and that among the
troops at Lavaca constitute exceptions in the whole
history of the disease since its last appearance in Eu
rope and America and we hope they will remain so."
In Kuror as well as in all other parts of the United
" .
States the disease has presented a very miU aspect ;
and inch as. ill.mnnrrtrd with the recollections of
!. 11 e!r rl. to vrrv little alarm.
' "
JT3- The steamer S. ill. Williams arrived yester-
diy from Columbia on the Brazos with a full freight'
The manifest wi'l be found in another column.
ICJ Thc steamboat Il'iisninvon left Vclascn yes-
terday morning Jan. 30th at 10 o'clock fur Wash-
ington. The Brazos had not arrived at Vclasco when thc
S. X Williams left.
53 TUB TEMPERANCE SOCIETY holds its
monthly meeting at the City Hall to-morrow even-
ing Feb. 1st.
JCjTheschr. Atlas arrived yesterday morning
from Corpus Christi. having left on Thursday last- ;
She brought no newt of importance. There arrived
at Corpus Christi from N. Orleans per steamer Fail'
ny 67 men destined for the gold regions. The editor
of the Star Mr. Peoples accompanies them.
Tb Artesian wells arc doing well and afford a good
prospect of water.
Business is brirk many traders arriving from the
Rio (arande.
CHOLERA AT HOUSTON. Tlic Trcsby tcrun of
lastaSaturday contains the following notice upon this
subject. Tlic independent and candid manner in
which that paper speaks in regard to the matter con-
traits favorably with the desire to conceal and mi.lcad
which appears in some other .juarters.
When our piper went to press lat week it was
thouzht that the Cholera had almost disappeared in
our city ; but wi Sunday it had appeared with more
violence than it had !ccn at anr previous period
Several death' occurred on last Sabbath nnd a few new
cases ami ucauis since mat time.
The return of tbii disease to our citr. provini fatal
withsomcofourcitizens who were altogether temperate
produced ruitc a panic in our midst.and may have been
the ciuc of many exaggerated reports in the countrv.
We are still of the opinion that our friends in 'the
country need not have any apprehension in visi'ing
Houston. Lat week wc had manvstnmcers in the
city that spent the entire week with us and not one
of them was attacked to our knowledge.
ttj Tlie San Antonio Western Texian " learns
from a rery reliable source that General Worth has
decided upon sending tbe troops destined for tlnv'up-
ei ltio Grande by the new route lately discovered by
Col. Hays; nnd that all stores munitions etc. lor
their use will be landed cither at Lavaca or Corpus
Christi and transported to thc Ircsidioria San An-
tonio. Our brother of tho Houston Telegraph appears to
be involved in a controversy with half the editors in
Texas relative to the commercial advantages of Hous-
ton navigation roads etc. etc. Wc notice in sev-
eral of our excliangra a disposition to be facetious and
hear down upon our Houston friends nt the nreent
i
time hcn wo look dpon such a course as not over ' Leva treaty was DoneatAVashin-tonon tlieBra ' ?QTenmcnt r Iexas "" uk tM vicw uf lie sul- ' Wt 'hcO.mrt of St. Jnmcs to propose a com--1
l- 1 - t w"-ucvl"irraiJwls wneai"a8lnolononiieunrjeetandnot suffer thc re uniiHi between the two mercial treaty with tht British (iovcrnment. prbvid-
considerateorkind. Tlie rainy season rendering thc ! the 20th March 1SIj; nineteen days after tie countries tube delayed or defeated by the intcrposi- inS fur a peace with . Mexico ; but the bo.mdyro
rmius iuiuc umnur .crjr umicuu 10 inivci; me id-
depress thc business of the place nnd affected inju-
riously the people. It is scarcely to be expected that
tlrcy will enjoy jokes at their expense at such a time-
..! r..rnore..w.r.irnrfr;nn.l..:...i..iJ
" ------ ' ... . . "
in jeers or taunts. J c know the business men of
the place to be industrious enterprising and perse-
vering as the ioplc generally arc intelligent moral
JiJo.lriou. Tn (lse .i;ie. .jJL u :.
" . i"
debted for most of the prosperity it has enjoyed; and
troduction or steamtioat navigation upon thc llnxos grcssurtheliiitcdStatcsandlhcirapprovalbyPrc ul events will siitieiiieniselies ucrcalter."
..J Tr!..;i rirs . nnl i1. nnn ..r .1.. .1...1. ' : .... r.i I iVom theVrcsidenl's Message Dec. Si
.... w.-.-uv.. UTowarfTeIas I do not doubt that n liberal.
era u. ..ousioM na.c uu concpircu lor me lime 10 c UO not Wisll 10 DO misunderstood or to mirrt :u srln itc Con-re.s in all ll.jt r.inn-rns her
nicy avcsuciiascommanuourrcspcctcitiicrinpn-.mcuts;
pcrity or adversity.
The Huntsvillc "tanner urges the importance of
keeping a steamer in thc Trinity at least a month or
two." That paper says.- I
. - ...
There is much cotton in the np country. Thcroads1
to Houston are now impassable and every bale of
cotton will go to the river if thc people arc satisfied
I.S ?a telll t. a..a.A vaa tt.ht.J.. . t ...
.uuioHiiiu.-ui.cuuu. ueiues uur mcrciinnis and
pbinters are in want or supplies from Mow. It
is el... in .1..nrf n -.-in . ll.... i-r.. '
spring and unless they are furnished by thc river
wc must go without them. There will not be the
least difficulty in disponing of two or three cargoes of
haI. nulu - AnSu a..AB a..L..u it a a
pork etc. etc. Tliey 'can be'sold alon the' river as
fast as a eteamboat can ascend. .
I
Be patient convicts. The lluntsville Banner in '
or the rcmtentiaiy from Austin says
erntion upon the Penitentiary. AH business cin.
.il -i.1 If rf-ot.. .o.p.nll f... . i..
...c otiuiui t. sni.it. .uucu Dga.nsi. ins op-
A.uAwa a.nAm .l.A Par.... .mmmt ill I....T..
being. It U too wet to lay brick too wet to dig Uon u J wtlli r Ion county. He says
too wet to haul too wet to do any out door business. I a We liave tbe satUfactiori to inform you also that
KtMhsagaas. ha am aalil the weather breaks. -Cutr'aa contemplated when you left this county tbealV
Cook expect to here 2) or 30 cells ready for tbe rens held a meeting relative to clearing tlie Trinity1'
convicts who may be tent here in tbe spring. n I and divided the Bank in our county into four sections
fe.l-aPtxJ:WlIll
is ine nnai bmh oi iue pous as naurcsseu oy we
Committee of the Assembly to thc Monitenr :
Number of voters in the eighty-six depart
mcnU not including Algiers 7449471
Number of votes expressed 74262
.Majority of votes expressed o.i'I J.l
.Louis isapoieou Jxinaparte
Cuvaignac
I.cdru Kollin.
Kaspail
Lamartine
Changnrnier.
Divers votes
HFMJBD
J 448302 '
1 joT
'i"t'" -
r i.ioi
3GrIKi4
7S)ll
4.GS7
124ti
7.4aG532
23319
Unconstitutional votes
Total as above
7449471
The Cholkma at Cairo. Kcrrr. Tluit awful and
mysterious disease lias continued its ravages from tlie
Mtb of hut July till '-he 13th of last month and in
this city alone lias swept awiy according to tho best
computitionabsut90UQBouIs; and it is said that in
tlic whole of Egypt there died from the same dlseaso
aboat2U0JU0aouU.
The .Sisters of Mercy have tendered to the city of
Pittsburgh tlie se t-f wtir hospital in case the Choi-
m visits that city. Koris thwalL Thestt-cxccllcnt
. .... . - .. .... . i
Udies have yoluiitecrcu to imrse tuttl auctM oott Uto j
i. s-a-aaw t
dliilfou ana CKa
N
A VERY LITTLE MORE OK THE HISTORY
OF tNXEXATION.-Tbo Western Texian contains
ui .uai..wiu.i. .... .
an nrticlc in reply to one we some tunc since puii-
lishcd. relative to the " Diplomatic Act" spoken of in 4
a late publication of Ex-President Jones the Cuev.. J
1 ...... .!.! t .'
teraty annexation and all that sort of thing. The
Texian says
As wc have since published thc despatch of linn.
Ashlicl Smith to thc Secretary of State defining that
11 arrangement" we deem any argument on thc sub-
icct superfluous hoping that the - CitilhnVifiiiirfr
will enniile mm (as we icei jienecuy jannc.i ms in-
tellisence will.) after iieruins thai doqatdi to ap-
' prccinte the very great difference there is between a
Diplomatic Act" coii.n.it ing us cocctuaiiy w an
"""!t '"".': "..."'" : ".-;
i laiigiinaiiianecKiiiu rigiiiH'iaiiu riiiiivi;iuMi
w(. ) j mvcr cwlpe nnj simple ngrcement I
mit a proposition for independence to the pen
Texas and to let them decide between tlut and
neiation."
We lg our Western cotempnrary tngive us
more credit for candor andalittle less forintelli;
Our knowledge of the contitution of thc late rcpub-
lie of Texas and reading in the science of diplomacy'
..." . . . 111c luvoiuimn iiiKinwlncii rests the ci.11111 ol iexi
arc by far too hunted to enable us to see or 1-el.cvc anJ up to tho wlfn lhe Ccrilnlcnl(r c U.
that (Sen. Houston or Dr. Jones ns President or See- States sought to annex Texas as a State of the Un-
rctary of State of Texas could without the consent ion it cannot he inappropriate to quote some of the
or the Senate or the people enter into or perform any. ".i-on. and pled -es made to Texas during the neg...
... . . ' : . . . . jtiation.to induce her to acquiesce in the resolutions
"Diplomatic Act committing us effectually to an anti. iy i;cIl . finalv i. a j.nt(.. jjkc lcr
annexation poliexjor all time to come (or as Dr. Jones Treaties between nation. the Treaty with Texas re
expresses it kiling annexation ns dexd as a manl '("ireJ the fiilfiliiient by coordinate branches of the
U liM.. nit tff. nnJ an cntanrl nc
could never escape. A1 1!." if . cvwM Imvo been
done at all. could only be accnmrlUhed with the sane -
lion of the Senate. The simple agreement of the
Texian Charge d'Affairesor even thc Cabinet of thc
Republic to such n proposition would have been
ithbut fofee until ratified by the Senate in accord-
ance with the forms prescribed by the constitution.
Tlic Texian also says
The " Civilian says that in the terms proscribed .
... . mm B .1
i.t. v. p.;t.lmo-flf .k. r.im: r.-..jJ
lion of Mexico . the condition of thc Km Un-ndem
arthe preliminary nn-poni.
a bound irv. sine mm noil was abandoned." For
this important
.. -.. . .. . .1
tnnt tact Hie editor ol that paper is enli-1
thc merit or an ' original diicovcry '-fijl
no one had clcr drcame.1 id such a tiling
lieu to all tin
certainly no
before. Thc first clause of that proposition is in time
terms :
"Mexico consents to acknowledge the NDrrrjr
OF.Nri:orT.Ms.M
The nine years war between Texas nnd Mexico
was always iindtrtood to be upon the nucotion v both
er the &ibinc or the Bio Urandc wa the boundary of;
the latter Mexico ini.tin; upen the Sibine Tcxai
upon thc Kin (irande. and when Mexico comer.tcj
u toncknoulctlgc thc independence if Texa" both
ns was asuentcil to and that of .lieo surrendered".
TIib is at Iist the plain nn-I simple construction of
thc very plain and simple hnjm.iSc uscd.niid we think
it unfortunate that any one "in thin country fiJM
conrend for the contrary construction ; f.; .!-.. ;.
ju-tnttlistimcancxccedmAlyinterctin-i-sUebe -
.... '.. t!.. '"-- "v
in-upon that fact."
Thc Grave Di3"er in Hamlet could scarcely have (
argued this point so well ns the Texian has done.
The simple facts are these In the insimrimn. .1
1 lie a inrue tacts arc these . In the instructions of
Oen. Houston to which are ininutcl a . desire to dc.
feat annexation thc Tcxiin .Minister is required to
1 adhere to the Kio Grande ns a boundary i"nr oita
11011" Tlic Cuevas trcatv fwhieh the Mexi-an Via.
lion. Ilic t.ucva. treaty (winch the Wexi jn SIiu.
i.tcrof rorcign Affairs declares originated with tbe .
Government of Texas while Dr. Jones was President)
were given in Sept. 1844 when there was little or n.
prospect of the accomplishment of annexation. Tie
passage ot the annexation resolutions by the tot
resent others upen this subject Tlic editor of tin
paper was in favor of the maintenance of the sepi-
rate sovereignty or Tcxns : and would have been chd
... .i.it L .:... I .r .i :; . !
-.....-.. v. . ...v ...c u.u. i
such was nut thc cue. Wc have now inourposso-
sion a private letter from bim.of a date Ion- anttrbr
to the Cuevas ticaty in which be cxrroscs'his grot
.r r. .'..:... . ... u .5T.
r " jt " "e
biator of annexation as it appears from thedocj-'
and wc musti-ay that taking these as ei-
dence.the same rule that con.icts Gen. Hooslon.f
hostility to the measure must include Dr. Jones.
' - I - .... ..
J THK NAVIGATION' OF THE TBIN'ITV is a
.... . . - ...'
suoicci wuicn coniinucs io occupy luc minus oi ibc
.. . . . . . i
I0 aVn lrei"Vd -bey appear determine1
0 accomplish all the labor that nuy be necessary h
.. .. I .. . a. av m
tne removal ui existing oostruciions. inciiuntsvut1
!.. tmblisbea an extract from a letter nr T..t-
"" f'1"'1""" an "tract Irom a letter ot Jud-e
H-u- Martin one or thc Central Board appointed ly
the Trinity Convention which says that in tW
opinion or the writer there is no doubt that lhe river !
1
'" U "V"" P "" th ""' 0rn le rlan m'U '
cd by the Central committee. There was to be a grin
cral meeting at various points on thc river with pick-'
axes shovels spades saws. beef pork and Potatoes os .
outtbework. Thc Judge concludes by asking tint
.. .. . n. i. i .
the first rise. Tbe Banner also contains a letter from
s steam boat may be sent to the head or navigation
V
I. T ... . . V.l l. ... l I
ner fjr Sec. 2d- Wm.Fmit forS.3J.nndMr.IIae-
nianforbcc 4 th. Liberal subscriptions bare also
been made and all of the disposable force in the
the county I hare no doubt can be procured to work
on the river. We would thank you to communicate
this fact to the a rents in Houston county ai it mar be
important that those interested on thc opposite liver
bnnK corT"IvonlinS ""-oar own anemia nave some
nrtinn with ui.n
. ... ... .-. -
A Spurious She irr. -William E. Gray a col-
ored man represents that wlule he was in Nutter's
bar-room Ann street last evening he was taken in
custody by a black man named Trevett atsisstcd by
lour otucr black men. J re vet t pretcnucu to oca
sheriff and after hand-culEng Gray proceeded to
search lus pockets nnd took tlicrerrum 5-S to in spe
cie j ue snenu ana ms posse men decamped ana
Mr. Gray was compelled to resort to Keith's alley
where his irons nere knocked off by a blacksmith.
Motion Bee
FRIGHTrUI OCCVRRKKCK. A RlOSt frightful OC-
airrencc happened on tlie -Schnylkili river near Fair-
mount lyno the evening of the 9th inst. A Jatge
piece of ioc with one hundred pmons upon it float-
ed off into tbe current. Great-consternation prevail-
ed. Numhrrs were rescued Ly a Umt.othf r jumped
into the water. Tlirce persons were carried over the
dam a man a boyT and a little girl. The latter was j
the daaghter of Morgan Ami. Nio struck her fore-
licid against a cake of ice whielu-utndrcadful wound
All were fiiully rescued and no hica lost.
would be with Ins head cut off) and an cntanghns hicMnaaeitbc-.1 'Vj'ihe n-ilutim...
alliance with Kngland and Irance from which Jiea not repognant tu ictcnialional law or natural
says "Texas will be willing to submit disputed pointi puhlican lamiiy. llie gre.it object now to lw ncconi- suiioiiy nnu pcraevcrn.giy ci.ing 10 mis oounuary.-..:-
.t.. t .l.. m.n.. .I...I plished that which Tar transcends all other oljects in After the Senate of tl e United States had rejected
respecting territory and other matters to thearU- m tanccis lcr prompt admission into the Union. Annexation and all hope of becoming Siitc of thc
tration of umpires." lien. Houston's instruct! Tl.isonee aeeoninli.hed.. II oilier s.il.nlinato nucn-1 Uni..n were abandoned. Gen. Houston then President
- S - ucgtou matcur.
REPORT AND PROTEST
S lhe -"("""Vy of the Committer o Territories
against the Dismemberment of Texas.
moioriiy of the Committee on Territories having
reported a bill to this House organizing into a Tern-
"J fj" ?n "." P-j'j f ? Jc!c0
lying eat ot the Ibo (jrande and heretofore as now
fWniej hj TcIaf thc In;notilJ r thc cl;..
deem it a solemn duty to lay before the House and
the people or the United States the ficts and eireum-
stances upon which thc claim of tho fct-itc of Telaa
J founded
! The sum
c summarr mode bv which the mnioritr of the
Committee on 'lerritories assume to appropriate to thc
uimn. cuiies noour. nan ol luo territory ol a sorer
cign State.is as novel as it is preeminent!? uniust.
i cro inero only n sliauoir ol claim n 'Jeecnt regard
more cl irin?ly apparent.
.. Before nfcrring to some ot tboimportantcvcntsof
'" ""-"--: iJ""". -- i1"'""-
' jutiee.
1 T""0 pledges forma part of the contract nnd tbe
- 6i( bJ;ull-'t0 cr.lnJ r j;.onr.
Tlie fnlluwinc eitmctn eihilit the M'irlt in uMli
tjie United btatcs induced Texas to accept tlie resolu-
tions of annexation :
Mr. Buchanan to Mr. SluUlL
Beside it is grcatlj to be deMrctl that wir Loond-
ary with .Mexico should nor be c-.ublijlied m ucli a
i- ..... . .
B"n n "' preclude a luture dimcuitics and
llltal luillfAAn trfiA faa-.a 1 :... .1.1. Asa. .l a.'. iu.i
ths-
' .:. w. VV". .'"" "l '" . . .-vii'r. '
pote betv
irtion
I of New Mciieo lm-on tii.M.lc of tlic Rio Grande
i"" within the imits already cl iiuicl by
."v ".""u... .. .v
1rro "!? !K0""! a ""'ll"' r J"f"
" "'J rcclinS between tlwc who 1
lasY'-ts . a. 4S hAHMfld. .1....T.I . am
remain t 31cxnan
pute.nnd a -Knircc
.1 trust arc uestm-
cl in future to be always frienui."
Extract vf a Letter J mm Mr. Calhoun to Mr.
Donetso n.
"But it is deemed by the TrcsUcnt of prcat im-
portance tint the resolution r-hotilJ be adopted bj thc
Government of Tcia without amendment M as to
atui'l the liaurdt and contingencies incident to d(-l.ij;
and jou are nccorJingly. instructed to use your best
exertions to effect this oljject. MimilJ you fail in this
cnii will next endeavor to induce the ConTrc-s of Tex
as to suUtitute.in pLiccof nmendmcnts.frparntennd
' d.MInct J'!'P05!tJon PWf' of !e '!" of wIat
hc provisions ot t he resolution i jight to ir nccompa-
f'etl A trunS a'1 ""i i?ltnj? frth "? ai
.St hand express their rclmi on the justice of
-'- Ou-icrnmcnt ol the Umtcl btates for their adop-
thn' 'h fad it w I then rcnn.n for the IW
r I..--. -i .ma-. It. a ...l..i:nn. mm t.t.-. .
k. . . . .. .... ..
xjctracioj a i.eiiirjrom ssr. jsucnanan to .ur.
Donthnn. .
N'ntMW can prevent this hannv result but the dc-
ternnmtion ol I exas to cliangc and rowlily tne con-
. itrf reIulionj anJ c.n.
not too earnestly v. arn the Covcrnment or that lie
public ajriinst thc unhappy consequences which may
How im such n policy. Should any of these condi-
tions appear to ht unrcasonahie she nny rely with
lie we known'j5'K:c nJ j.UraiUy
0f her sUtcr Stales to change or modify them aRcr
. . n . . . . ... ..
she shall have been retorcd t.i the bosom of our lie-1
tions can be easily and satisfactorily arranged between
theparties. lhe lrc.idcnt confidently trusts that the
tioii ot minor question. wl.iuim the natti ml course
ipint
interest
aid prosperity and tint she will never have cause to
tetct that she has united her lone star tu our glorious
co";cllil';ol2-'' . ....
-"ac S? 'h.e rre.nniulrr.ee of the Secretary
.!.. wifht I.. I .-lr: ...'..J. ;... I..!..-... .:'"" """"" "J '0' Army "J Into- United States .on-lit tob.ve di nate.I and UU1
' lur a 111; ui (. iminifinti ni vain f.uMiit.inif inrrr. 't .. --I ...( . .. -. "J "- - .' vvr vxiii.n ssa.a a tu icn hiuicii lii nil
U W.ta.fcM. And the Cct that the Ui.
pie f dance with the relations in whi.li they stand to each c made wai. however failfin. L r f.. .U Til... -.. 'd --"' I" prescribe a boundary n the only
an-otber. V hen however all the f.Kts and uruinnL.... frre.nn.IM.xm. wassiiVtaiitUllr bcnefille.1 hv it. 7:": .'. J. "'. " .' -
cci connecicu witn tne rrroliilwn by wlmli 1 etas lllis ireatv was carried ut in n1 fjiilil.TT.'xi : Vi "'".""' """'" --ii"-v .. .mr one
"-i i mnrof' umr "
01 Mate and tlic .Minuter air. lonclon nunng me United Slates but remain independent. This trcatv
negotiation for annexation could be multiplied; butw!l9 ratified by the Mexican authorities: and " witii
"" foregoing exhibit the spirit in which the Anneia-
!''" J" pressed upon the attention of
the Government f lexa'.and whichfiiwlly led Texas
toacce-Jetottielcrmsot the licsolutmns.
Xot thc slightest intimation was ever given to Tex-1
as inaticaiiy cvcniinc..ovcmmen.oi uicu.cu-.es
-Tou " ""-'" ' "" !"" "'
....;.. .. ..!
the disputed houmLiry.
Tlie claim of Texas is founded upon the revolution
which Mexico forced upon her.
llie citizens ot the United States were invited to
settle in Texas bv Mexico niainlv for the purpose of
. . - ' . ..
erecting a barrier between her own settlements and i
wn warbkctrilsorindianswhororeveraIyearsJ
had depredated upon her. Thc then Government of
Xfa.T.111 arft 4 l'..sf..1dawi rii-.. a.tT Ctnf Aa rtjarit.ar Bliniilia.
-'c"-" - t-.'M" . m....v ....
'""' ' the United States.
i.:M M - MrJ rranta of land and euaran-
teed full political rights to all who accepted her pro-
posals and became citizens ol that Republic. Texas
& a.Stote. & """"Jji I unJcr the
ITiinail iltil iitn nl I nni ii nr 1 1 I. n Sinr.i Anni nrpr.
Hire" "' repuMcan institutions of his country and
established a military despotism in their stead. In
furtherance of his designs and in order toconsoudatc
'loiiarchy ' p'c of the Kerablie he cautela dc-
tionmctatS.inFeIipcinOctoberIS35. In the mean-
time Oen. Uos witn an nrmy.crosscd tne luo i.rande
........ a..... . . . a. .
ana established himieJt inin Anumio.itirtne pur-
pose of enforcing the tyrannical decree of Santa An.i.
A conflict ensued j the Texlans were victorious ; Cos
surrendered nnd among the articles of capitulation
was the following:
u 1. That Gen. Cos and his officers retire with their
arms nnd private property into thc interior of the lie-
public under parole of honor that they will not in any
war oppose thc establuhment of the Federal Consti
tution VI JO-.I." -
Never alter this capitulation did thc Mexican Gov-
ernment occupy permanently tbe territory between
the Nueces and tlie Kio Grande nor had they any for-
tifications or military defences on thc east side of the
lower ltio Grande. Whenever forays were made the
Mexicans were in every case driron'Uick to thc west
side of the liver and civil and military jurisdiction
was exercised by the Government of Tex-is.
The Convention at Washington upon the Bnuos
declared the independence of Texas. Among its
members were .Delegates from that portion of the ter-
ritory lving between the Xueces and the Rio Gran-
de. The first Mood shed in tlnrtvolutiua flowed upon
thc same soil.
Santa Anna then invaded Texas with a numerous
and well-appointed army. He was met on the ever-memorable
battle-field of San .Jacinto was conquered
and made junsoncr. Notwithstanding mora than 5-UUU
troops remained under FilHsola all hope of conquering
the country was abandoned ami to rave the remain-
ing portion of the army a negotiation was entered in-
to with Sinta Anna which Ie-4 to a treaty of which
tlic following is nti article:
Art. u That the fultowtng be and lhe same are
hereby Established and made the lines ot demarkntion
between the two Republics of Mexico and Texas to-
wit : the fnie shall commence at thc cstwiry or mouth
ul thc Kio Grande on tho western bank thereof and
shall pursue (he
Ejint where the
ratodilaVurte
t same bunk up the saH ri-.tr to the
river. -auumes the imiiw of the Kio
' from whith point it alull proceed on
S."
the said western bank to the head waters or source of
saidmcr.it being u.iJirst." that the terms Iliu
Bravo deliorte apply to and ile.ignjle one and the
same stream Irom the mir or .iid river the
principal head branch Icing tnlten to ascertain that
ourcen duo north line shall l ri .r;t ; .t .it ;.
t . . """."''."'"'n.lttheiliind described in '
the trc.it7 nnsiliaicd 'ie.ml !-. i...r
VI .-
j . T -- -.VH .V " CI Hill CI I fc 1
Kitniet fruH a .liMtaf-h f ;""- -f. .1..
1-atlle of IJhciu Vista : ' I
u Kmm tlic impir(hin wo Iml made on tli
nl on th) 6cM. IleaUncsprea-wIto me llie desire
which thc Amerieaiu Ttlt fur the rc-wt-LIu-linicnl wf
pcare. I replic! in onlcr that he miglit tut iliemne
tu Iiti lienernl. lint wo ainLiinal the mo.t sacred of
'"-"' Jefence of our Territory and the prcser
I """J10' our nationality and rwht; that we win
:r-1
irarn
... . ... - j -"'-.stiii! '"! utxviiiuivii. .iu iiv(
crotrenilc.JthatoftlioL'iiitedSuiti. IbUerreiltlmt
we could wy nothing oT peac while the .Imerioini
were oh this titt of the Kio Uraro. or orcupied any
t His nrxrrnatiira nn.l tl.n ....!.... t. I
(an m ineiexicnn Jemtory.orWnckacIcdourportr';
and that we were rehired to perish or vindicate our
riKius ; iii.ii i-jr i line nngnc not always tie l.iroraHr to
thc enemy nnd the experience of the 22d and 123d
Iniuldcoiirince tjiem that it could change."
If anjtlnn-nnire was necessary to establish the
claim of Texas to the boundary in qnextion it i-t fmnd
in the Acknowledgment of tho Mexican Commrion-
rpt who eomluded the late treaty of pence with the
I'nitcd States :
"The intention (ay the Commiinner-) of making
the IlmTO n limir. In been announced by thc clearest
Mn fir thc list twelve years. and it would hire boon
imp!ible at the present diy to change it. After
the defeat San Jacinto in April. li&GJhat tras
the Territory which tre stipulated to entcuate
and which tee accordingly did catenate by fat-ling-
Iwckon Malamnrv. In this place vas af-
terward stationed tr Ad. teas rafted the Army of
the yorth; and though it is true that expedi-
tions and incursions hare been made there even
a far ui Rexitr ire hare very soon retreated
tearinsr the intermrdiaie space absolutely free.
this stateuen. Taylor fauna ii trAen i Me
t tlls?lr Jaat. ear he etttered thtrc ordtr
oj " " hj
i V " I Z I f I ?T i f0"lJc?: "d
hehoffiaal rank corroborate thehstory of theeUim
ficinj.
sMmMiMMsfXthch
t lUf of Tl9ll. CJrflt ftlwA A f thf ItntltliLtrtl front A
I :.i. .1.. 1 .-.. r.i.. 1...:... it........" ...
"" ...v....."-". .oc.cfo.uuoo. ..uu.oci..wuceii
i the sole reliance of Texas and unaccompanied with
the consequences' flowini out cf the revolution then.
;.... :.'.....;. v.... 1 . ' 1 1
i"oeiuiu. nuuiurny migus nave ueen iui-.inneu uy
.Mio. ; but s far a. relates to the United States.the
law n'one would have birred any pretensions she
miI.t hare put forth. he knew of our cl lim nnd
acknowledged it. It tcai recognized in the Jteso-
lulions of Annexation anil acceytrd by the V.
statei in the Constitution of the State of Texas.
Xot only the law but all the acts of the Uovcrn-
ment w Inch were ratiOed by tho people of Texas
of Texas gave a written order to Hon. Anson Jones
t-reiary o. .c 10 insiruci me . cxas ..unisier res
iacmnut tu tncsuurcct'j tae mo uruiue was to
UCH "JIHC 'J Ull HUH
lVhcn within a year afterward suddenly and en-
tircly unexinxteil in Tcxa.the hones of Ann exit ion
u-nro rariro.1 in.l if ui.hmi tliniMl iwrlnin I'nuMnnf
Jones thc successor or Gen. Houston and his Cibi-
ret sent the " pnget "of a treaty to .Mexico Itaring
I "" !"Hnilarylo arbitration and containing the
. thatTexa. nererbecome annexcl to th.
independence and veace teith all the k.r" was
rre5cnted before the" people of Texas simultaneously
ujInfJ.ulB and aUhe contwseiees. Cc-
tween these two issues tbe people were to choose.
The Senato of Texas unanimously rejected the
Mexican treaty and the people almost unani-
1 1 IOHMJ .wepieu .vnncxatlo.1 and "US comingen
cies." FcwifnnyinTcia3atthattimcthoughttliat
one of the contingencies appertaining to Annexation
I would be an attempt on thc p-irt of any branch of the
I ;. M ..1 .
Government of the United antes to dismember the
si.i.nrT.... nn.l nnnmnrntetntlien.p.irthrl.
-- 1 ....--. .... .
cr. Government a large portion of Territory chimed
ty and equitably constitutionally and legally belong-
inz to the State of Texas.
It is a notorious fict apparent from the journals of
proceedings m both hraneties ol tlic reucralu-gisU-
wie'me or Annexation was greatly embarrassed by
the question whsthcr tbe United Stales should takca
turc nnu mm numocness oincr sources u. .. ioc
cession ot tbe puiiiic uonuin ot lexas auu in con-
sideration awume the payment of her public debt or
leave her debt in her own hands and also her Terri-
tory as the means of payment.
It was considered by many tint as tho U. States
deprived thc Kcpub'ic of Texas of the resources ofim-
post duties they were bound to awume her debt. Hut
it was thought by other that thc large amount of Ter
ritory segurcd by Annexation to lcx.iswoniil be an
equivalent for the lais of her impost dutiesand would
constitute ample means of discharging all her debts.
The Litter views ultimately prevailed in thc Con-
trress of the United btatr. Texas retained her debt
and her public domain and no one can be" found to de-
ny .na. in esvimauo; inc tuiucui wic-rui.ij vuvjct.
her by Annexation in reference lo the maintaining
her title to her niilibc Uomain nnd conswcrinj me
means she wouM liave kit to discharge her liabilities
after yielding licr impost system to the IT. States the
entire domain East of thc Kio (.rande vvas had in eon-
templation ; nor will any one dispute the pmpositi.Hr.
that if thc I). States as at one time was intended bad
assamed the debt of Tcias and received from her.in
c.nsideration thereof a cession of her nnappro-iriatcd
Territory they would have rcjpruVd such cession as
covcrine the whole Territory Eist of the Ilio Urandc.
And Texas would nerer have had the hardihood to
question the fairness of the claim.
She therefore demands no luorcin relation to terri
tory than the United States wouM and ought tn have
insisted upon in case the resolutions which reded her
territory to tho United States had been adopted by
Congress in lieu of those that were adopted.
The authority of the United States in reference to
the question of houndaiy between Texas and Slexi-
co was aenvcuinnn wc pi-u.iiuii- .? iievwipm-j
of" admission into thc Federal Union nnd conforma-
I4e to n power vested in the-Federal Governmcntjpy
the Cnnstitolion. Hut what is this power? It is a
power to act by treaty and not by legislation.
We deny tire right of Congress to divide or reduce
tlic territory ora jmvercign State without Hs consent.
The Constitution iscxpimsupon this subject. W Iwt-
ever imwer tho United States may possess in cases of
this sort rwts with its treaty-maAtng- authorities.
The treaty-ma kinir authority is applicable only to
questions to which foieign States are parties. Tlie
present question twes not coiicem-nny loragn ouiic
jorinvolie any foreign rchtwn whatevtr. It is n
question between the Union and one of the sovcrvjgn
States of the Cuivnaud vhvic Uic treaty nuking
willed Imp wi -i.V.w..ri. . V i -" 1 1 Jem then fie la western iwiii'Lnrj.ond .inv one
cral trratira !.. i-1.....1; li . V .1 """I1"' conceivable dimensions. It i in vjin to s ly
o Sonne SaS
of Jlevi."'' ' '" 0 ' UM-y ''" !' "J I -IM ! fact treat. At tl Lite treaty
im una iii.ii ti tin- Lr.itt.st...... s.r .1.- w.i. .) . ... ---"j "-
I I liV Wlilr-h aim nihlial l'lir-.L. 1 V. tf..-!..... .1
- - "J"- -. us iu( uuctuiin ; iiitj iH-ar-1 in.it we rxcruiiTc i-mi ccn.iteiTwr..in 10 ocuuiecc in
irwi nii.1-; ui iruee nnwerer. nrmm with a propo- the N)uninry; aryi tbe Unnfutioni or Annexa
pition from Ucri.T3.rn.Ti.nex.!iaii trpriuncwt folljci-niniit Conrew totltc sihic boundiiry fc!i
mx - vui -hiiuih inr ill- wnuntleil ttvlinlitil mtnim. Ihn f rs tv.tr tibini fistfl-.ntsr. ---..
power 14 rrom its very nature wholly inippHciblc to
Utbe Cjrirititutitm has invested tlie Cuiigrp. tli:
Lpjislaturc of the Unwn with no power tu lerpLitfr
iifm tlic Mjtjcct. Xrl the lactMilutiunaofAimcx
ation concede wich .1 power ercn" were it Icitiiiiitc to
Iiiok tit iucIi .1 ituurcc fur tlic dmyatiun aod ori 'in of
legi-htiv. aiitlmritv
-..."' .":'"''
"? r6"" Pwer ".m "imp.iincgltIoYer.
"' r ""ntVKneJ 0l -rcatjr-iM autlwnty
I Tliat tlic hte trcntjr dul mt riiiturb the Ixiundtrj
t I'i uiu iii linn-air uhjixi. presc
nnexation
icmjU
anon it. In nat
prescribing a JifftTcnt ljunlarjr the Ktecutire ami
enite pr.icticetl nj baJ f-Ub towanl the L?tI..ture
. ri. I..:. Tr t - 1 .1 ;. .1 -.'
f the Ciii.in.
. m uuletl to do but only mm I led wliit they were ncr-
1 imj iit.-itjgn-u mull in;; iricj werccom-
mittcil to do or not tu da upon their own free diV-re-
tiisii. Tin .tilT wTiitinil. tlifrcfitrf. nru.n trfiu.fs I"i-.
I II : ' . 'tr . . t .. i i .
pnii ciiiiiu niii npn a uiairuiu ooiinuArr womaw
U it thc treat- mnlmj; authorities inteiirinl tint a
differenMine tthouM be fixed opm. But where Uthv
proof tliat a different one wa intervle-l ? Can it be
found
1 in tht fact that the one claimed by Texas was
Dot iii-iturbol f
The controversy in rclaiirn to Inmniliry was not
between Texas and this Union tut I etweeu Texa-
ind the KfpuUicof.Mcafcw. And if Mo-ri'-o refused
t treat the forfeiture crthecLiim shoulj fall opjii
her nnd not upon Texas who stood at all times ;ub-
niMnive to the treaty-making authority. Contrary
rea .nnlng would be strange indeetl.
In submitting thc question of him-ltry to the U.
States Texas hoped to avail herclf oT the friendhip
ami advocacy or the United States the set a high
vjIuc upon the advantigc of Iiaving thc nigral fircu
of sopwcrfiiI a government in fjvor of her preten-
sions and claim?. Kutlf thiifriend-thip and advoca-
cy are to I displaced and substituted by adverse nnd
riT-Al.pictetuions if thla moral lorec Is'to be brought
to Vcar ng-iinit her if she has only ei changed a con-
troversy with 31e.co fur one with tlie United Stitcs
then it would be better for her had hc kpt her des-
tinies in her own hands and stood up single-handed
against her former adversary.
Tlie power conceded by Texas to thc United States
in acceding to thc Resolutions of Annexation was
not a power to institute and ordain arbitrarily tho
limits and extent of her territory as though she Ind
been ancw&ato about to be formed and admitted
into the Union having no determinate claim to any
definite limits ortx.cnt of territory Intead of such
it was a mere judicial power to ascertain a liounda-
ry previously existing and to which Texas laid a def-
inite claim.
The power did not cover tho whole matter of boun-
dary and territorial compass; if it bad the United
States might claim to unsettle every boundary of tho
Sute Kisr West North or South and reduce it to
any shape or size they might pte.tsc ; tbey miht cut
off apurtionof her territory as well Squill or East a-i
We i r North.
The subject or boundary as a substantive matter
was not meant to be placed under the juris Jictiun of
the United States; but only were u questions of
boundary n submitted to their arbitrament.
There was fending at tbe tini-a of Anncxationaifccs-
tion of bouiuliry between Texas and Mexico and this
question relating to boundary was the whole founda-
tion and final cause of thc authority vested in tho
United Stites ; and it was the sohum duty of tho
United State. by their treaty-making autboriUe t
adjudg? and determine ibis qnejtion in a manner a.i
f.m-nible to Tex.w ns Mexico might by all thc lawful
means uf negotiation be induced to acquiesce in.
Jhit this question ceasing to exist all authority de-
pend int uin its existence must alo cease.
The Lite Treaty of 1'eacc between thc Cited States
and Merico put an end to every question orcontrovcr
sy yAnd inloing n put an end tit the authority concs-Ied
to thc United States in the resolution sf Annex itioti.
But wh it is the claim now set up on l-elmlf of Con-
gress ? It it this: thc trcaty-miiling authusitic of tho
Unio to whom was entrusted a controveifry touching
boundary between a foreign mtion and one of tho
StaU- of the Union having concluded tint controversy
in a manner not satisfactory to thc federal Icgibturc
that legislature may lawfully rectify by aiun.ing as a
proper subject of legislative juridu:iion tlic detenm-
nathn of the limits and extent of a sovereign State.
Whence su.di a power ? If th- controversy between
Texa and Mexico still subsisted no one would imagino
that Congress was competent to tike cegnizancc of it.
How. then can it be pretended that the Kesolutioas
of Annexation Intended to commit that controversy to
Congres and not to the treaty-iinling power? It
seeui thercftre that by conftrafvJing a que;titm of
Imundjry" between a foreign nation and one of the
States of tht Union with thc matter of boundary and
limits as subjects of internal domestic legislation a
new authority is sought to be derived never thought
of in thc Rcolu tions of Annexation; and furthermore
that the authority is asserted in favorofadepirtment
of the government equally utitbought of in thoso Ite-
solutiims. Suppose that.at thetiroeof.nnexationacontrover-
sy had existed between Tcxu and Mexico not relative
to territory but relative to th navigation of sonio
river separating the tworepuM.es and that the Kesolu-
tions of Annexation had authorized the United States
to determine all "question? of navigation " can it 1k
pretandetl that under Mich a provision. Cfinress would
hive Irgishtive jutisdicttou over tlie whole matter uf
internal natigation as a substantive foundation of
power ?
Forthe reasons set forth in the foregoing report tho
minority solemnly protest ngiint thc action of tho
House uf Krpr-rmntativrs or the Congress of the Uni-
ted States touching the territory claimed br the State
ofTcvas. T.l'lLbBl'KY
Ja behalf f the Minority of the Cvmnuttee.
AtR Xaviuatiov. The Boston Post mvs thai
Capt. John Taggart of Charlcstown is building a ma-
chine to navigate the air. We1 liave seen a picture of
thc balloonanda minaturcof thc sails and the way
lie creates a new clement with them. President Eve-
rett and Tread well uf Hartford College Mr. Took tho
naval constructor we understand hare expressed fa-
vorable opinions of the project. Capt. T. ha invest-
ed lir)Uand wants to raise as much more by sub-
scription in order to complete the new carrLige fur
the upper deep by the -1th of July. If it really bo
true that the gentlemen named liave expressed tho
opinion tliat any clement new or eld (a new clement
is a novelty at least) can be brought u drive so bul-
ky a mucin no as n balloon in the air it only goes to
show bow easy itie for smart men to make great
blunders. A fifty-horse power engine could scarce
drive a body of such surface agiiost a ten mile brccxe
let alone a smart wind. The Captain will find that
his money will Oy faster than his balloon by a good
many knots.
Advice to JlVrfS. One of our cptrmporaric-i
gives the following advice lo wire: "If vnu find
it necessary tu ch-.(io your husband you hoiiM
perforin ihiiiliiiv with the soft cud of the broom
and not with the bandit-.'
SlTBVJlSlsrRCOMMUXICATlOX BKTWf RC ExGLAXD
and Irflakd. Tlie Lords Commissioners of the
Admiralty have given permission tu Mr. Charles
Blunt civil engineer to effect a communication by lay-
iog down bis submarine electric telegraph betwern
I loir head and Dublin. The tcler-rstdiic wires will bo
connected with tho lines of railway radiating from
the Irish metropolis and with the Chester and Holyhead
I I ! I '.. !(- I J vit tl.o tr.l.. !.... I . . r
I V Wlilen sue c&Jeu 4J.I inirnEtaml Ttevr Slpviiitii lhi
ni unj 'jiticr ftliow-f
U
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The Civilian and Galveston Gazette. (Galveston, Tex.), Vol. 11, Ed. 1, Thursday, February 1, 1849, newspaper, February 1, 1849; Galveston, Texas. (https://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth80306/m1/2/: accessed May 7, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, The Portal to Texas History, https://texashistory.unt.edu; crediting The Dolph Briscoe Center for American History.