South-Western American (Austin, Tex.), Vol. 4, No. 42, Ed. 1, Wednesday, March 30, 1853 Page: 1 of 4
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5
Xll'&'lLfcS&LJli-
Bcmocratic UciDSfmpcr SBcootcii to 3tgriculturt Ifcuw fpolittca anil Swan Interests.
VOL. IV.
CITY OF AUSTIN TEXAS WEDNESDAY. MARCH 30 1853.-
NO. 42
f jr
IBM m i a nm biiii itm-mLgEca ibM li bi a pmzeb i ! hi iii'iaioiitjiaLijiWKagiicA.i..v.iJ
From the National Intelligencer.
Washington Feb. 19 1853.
Gentlemen : Having waited a week with
the hope of harms the enclosed letter used in
ihe Senate by Judge Underwood I cannot al-
low myself to submit an longer to the wrong
done me in that body and therefore ask you to
insert it in your paper on nextMonday morning-.
Respectfully yours.
LESLIE COMBS.
Washikgtox Feb. 1-1 1S53.
My Dear Sir: As you were kind
enough to prespnt my petition to Con-
gress asking payment of ihe debt due
me by the late Republic of Texas. I
hope yon w.ll lake some proper occa-
sion to defend me aguint the gross un-
just and ungenerous imputations cast
upon me in public debate in common
with other creditors for daring to as-
sert what we deem clear legal rights
and which we are willing to submit to
the final adjudication of the Supreme.
Court of the United Sta es or to any
other fair tribunal on earth.
To e.nable you to do so effectively
I ask the pr vilege of relating to you
the circumstances under which I was
induced to invest my whole fortune the
proceeds of my labor for twenty years
in the public securities of Texas.
When that in'ant Republic was in
her utmost necdKentuckians furnished
a considerable amount of arm cloth-
ing and provisions to her brave little
army; and not a battle was fouyht
from the commencement to the termi-
nation of her glorious sfrug:;l in which
Ktntucky blood did not flow freely. A
whole bat'ahon of troops was laised.
artm-d and equipped and furnished with
means to pay their expenses to the
scene of conflict in my own little cit
lor which nothing was ever charged to
Texas. Our private purse supplied
every thing.
In the winter of 183S-'39. in compa-
ny with two or th-ee friends each hav-
ing large sums of money I visited that
country. On our way Irom Galveston
to Hon -ton the then seat of Govern-
ment Lmet with Gen. Sam. Houston.
late President of the Republic who was
an old ncquain anc and from whom I
hd received a full account of the. glo-
rious bailie of San Jacinto; and of his
ma-iy trials and dilficuliies in war and
in peace. I le.inv-d ftom him the pro-
bable amount of revo'u io lary war
dent. I receiv jd a glowing desci ip:ion
of the clima e. soil population produc
tions and -resources ot the country.
If -W I -11V
incarcerated in the prisons of Mexico
and without complaint endured for
Texas the chains and privations inci-
dent to the fortunes of war. For all
this. I hope I may proprrly add. the Re-
public for which he suffered never paid
either faiher or son a farthing nor ap-
propriated to either a foot of its hun-
dred of millions of acres of public land?.
Thir it seems to me was not "a spec-
ulation'' but a real transaction. It is
only acknowledging a debt of gratitude
forme to add further that the mother
Sla!e ot this young soldier Kentucky
was ifot insensible to his condition. how-
iexas might treat turn wiin neg
ver
lect. As soon as his situation was
known at Frankfor the Legislature
unanimously resolved to place at the
disposal of the General Government
ihe entire militar force of the State to
liberate him from imprisonment and
threatened execution.
Thus sir I have given you a brief
and frank detail of my connection with
Texas and her public debt ; and wheth-
er what is due me is ever paid or not
1 may ask that my personal reputation
shall stand vindicated on the journals
of the Senate in which bod' it has been
assailed. My integiity and honor at
any rate. I have a right to hold sacred.
Very respectfully
Your most obedient serv'r
LESLIE COMBS.
Hon. Jos. R. Underwood Senator
from Kentucky.
Fowl" Legislature: Sccoiitl Session
"IT p j
..i. . -Prliitit. his taome' xunuru
and Congress was in session. Among
those high in office I found eve.ral old
friends and the most distinguished ami
gratifying attentions were obmuw.u
upon' me as one of the earliest and
firmest friends o Texas liberty. I did
not hesitate under su-h circums anc-s
and influences t leave all my money
with an aeent to be invested m the
i- ii."i..i;n1oiv rlpliT. which was
being funded under the Ac f the I ex-
as Congress passc.1 June 1W7 ap-
proved and signed by President Hous-
ton emitted "An Actio authorize -he.
.consolidation and funding of the public
debt." Bonds were aceoroiin-iy "-
DEBATES m THE SENATE.
J. T. Flint Reporter.
Thursday January 27. lbJ53.
Debates upon the bill making ap-
propriations for the improvement of the
rivers of the State continued Mr. Bige-
low Mr. President I am aware that the
Senate is already wearied with the dis-
cussion of this question yet I desire to
briefly state the reasons why I shall lend
my aid to the support of this bill. I
sh?!l not support it sir because the
Rio Grande or theLagunaMadre will
receive an appropriation by its provis-
ions. I shall not support it because I
think it will hk a cheap mode of dispo-
sing of the 'river men;" nor shall I
support it sir because I believe that
we are bound sooner or later to sacri-
fice or ra her to throw away a certain
amount of money upon the rivets in
.order to satisfy certain ..portion
is made the better for .the country as
l been sussested. xmi i .mju sup
port Ufrst. because I believe that the
amount named lor the different rivers
ii..o.rl hnvnns bv tie Dill win oe
well appropriated and expended; and
second because the inhabitants resid-
within the river districts need the
and also because mey
"if
appropriations
l...n ricrht to e.XDCCt It.
Mr. President much has been said in
relation to 'he in-nfiiciency ot the riv-
ers ol the State for the wants of the in-
habitants; that the amount of money
named in the bill might as well be
thiowifHito the rivers as to be spent in
... :. ...;n .nr'mih!pdlv be disoos-
lllf. ilV 1L IVII1 v.i.v.-- . -
' . .
is thirty-seven thousand five hundred
dollars a very moderate sum for a
river of its size and particularly when
we take into consideration the amount
of population upon its bank and their
demands.
If gentlemen would be at the trouble
of ascertaining of the planters alone on
that stream what they have expended
for land transportation over the expense
of river transportation and what they
have lost in getting theircotton to mar-
ket annually from the rotting of bag-
ging and rope they will find that the
sum of S37500. will not far exceed the
expendiiures and losses incurred for a
single year ; and yet. sir. the benefits of
the improvements sought to be made
aie to exist for all time to come. I
have in my mind a small planter upon
the Brazos who recently informed me
that for the last four years he had annu-
ally paid to his merchant in N. York
$4u0 for re-packing his cotlon caused
by its lying for the want of transporta-
tion upon the banks of the river. Sir
the time has arrived when the "people
are compelled to have the means of get-
ting their cotton to markft and 1 be-
lieve they desire an improvement of the
rivers. One Senator has seated that he
met a gentleman while oi his way to
this place hauling his coj'ibn to Hous-
ton and that he allegeq as a reason
that it was better to hittl it to that
place through the mud I Jin to deposit
it on the banks of the jrinityto rot
while waiting for transne tation. Now
sir it is for this very clas 'that we wish
to provide. We wish tj clear the riv-
er of its obstructions thf?t steamboats
may ascend and descend at all seasons
of the year instead of being compelled
to wait for a rise in order to avoid the
obstructions.
It is said. Mr. President that Rail-
roads must be resorted to as a means
of ample aud easy transportation for
the produce of the country. This sir
1 admit ; and while 1 admit that the riv-
ers are not and cannot be made suffi-
cient for the growing wants of the
State I insist that they at present af-
lord the very best means of transporta-
tion within our control. I am in favor
of Railroads and I rejoice in the pros-
pect of their being huiltin different sec-
tions of the State; but; sir the build-
ing of Railroads is not the work of a
single day even with ample means at
control ; and before Railroadscan be
put in operation suffui'e.nLtp nieet the
1 1. Vl Ji ...f-pgya'juaga.
nnnnaincr mis Oil I. will uao uuooi.
from this stage of action and taken the
telegraphic luiresfor the celestial regions.
Mil. D ANC i: Good for you! Laugh-
er-l . .... . -:- ti:
In advocating tnis dui sir iui.c
tot t0 inhabitants residing along me
rivers of our State may enjoy some of
the advantages to which I conceive they
are justly entitled. One word in rela-
tion to the remarks of Senator Hill upon
the subject of taxation. It is contended
by that gentleman that if we tax the
inhabitants in all parts of the State
and expend the money in particular
l hat. linustice win
the inhabitai t-s of the present genera-
tion out of the rights and benefits to
which they are justly entitled. For
these reasons sir I shall oppose the
amendment and support the bill.
TnuRSDAT. January 27 1853.
MR. HILL: Mr. President Not-
withstanding I have asked the privilege
to be a little troublesome on this impor-
tant question and given my-assont that
our Reporter might be excused from my
part of the unconstitutional " cruel and
unusual punishment" which I fear we
are 'inflicting'' in the discussion of this
bill. 1 should on the present occasion
have remained silent had not the gen-
tleman from Polk as I think (no doubt
unintentionally) somewhat misrepre-
sented me. He tells you the '- coio"
was found on both sides of the "branch;"
and he thinks my friends may place me
on cither side of these Rivers'' by re-
ference to the journals. Now if this
be true with reference to myself it is
certainly true with the gentleman him-
self for certainly the journals will never
show us both on the same side at 'the
same time; and if 1 change sides he
must do so likewise I think 1 have
always been on the right bank of the
rtvtr and he on the other so far as the
journals show ; yet I must be allowed
to play in two or three of the gentle-
man's speeches on my side. He togeth-
er with other friends of this bill spoke
loudly against the adoption of river im-
provements in the manner proposed as
a State policy ;" and still advocate
the passage of the bill making appro-
priations for the rivers and even I
might say creeks from the Sabine to
the Nueces without any previous sur-
vey without any examination what-
ever to ascertain their capabilities or
the amounts required without any
knowledge of where and in what man-
ner money can be best applied. This
is a policy broader than any I have ever
known assumed. I would aslcgentle-
men to point me to the body holding
the purse-strings ot any btate or nation
that ever loosed them in this broadcast
manner without any data upon which
to act. You may look to all the States
and countries that have rode to ruin on
this 'footing" and they were all more
cautious in its introduction than we
are about to be (fori see the bill must
pass even by the vote of two-thirds re-
quired by the cautious framers of our
rnni imuiuTriuciiia uy OUT
overnmenrne-li5ni:- :. .
general
is
the right to make the investment and
appropriate the whole to themselves-
refusing us any part of the gain (if
gain it be.) instead of permitting the
minority to share a portion of the ben-
efits of their better judgments. Not an
i must we dot or a t cross or they say
it defeats the bill ; it must be closely
calculated and truly perfect. Is this
the plan fallen upon by a majority; to
appropriate the whole fund by consult-
ing only far enough to get the strength
to do it? If so it only presents more
glaringly the truth of whatM say of the
policy.
The gentleman from Cameron say;
though nothing is granted to his river'
yet he is opposed to amending the bill.-
He does not want to defeat it he is
willing it should pass for the benefit of
others. What will he. tell you next
session when the policy is fixed upon
us ? Will he not say you have receiv-
ed money for your rivers we aided
you; now give us our share and will
not a bill originating as that beautiful
one on your table be the result? None
have a life estate in their seats by
which they enn pledge no future appli-
cation though I have understood seve-
ral gentlemen to say this was the last;
MR. B1GELOW : We took our share
in land last year. Laughter.
MR HILL : Yes that is true ; and
a very large share too adding the mo-
ney this year. But I think no relin-
quishments have been given or receipts
filed and we have no certainty he will
not call for the Lion's share next time'
That I may not again be misunder-
stood or misrepresented on this subject
I now state that I believe ihe territory
disposed of by the people of the State'
for the means which wc now have a
our control was with direct reference
to the payment of our public deSt. '
That I believe that every expression of
the people has been for its application
to that use first. To pay this we air
know will require more than the amount.
we now have the control of. Then I
shall oppose any policy which tends to'
the application of this fund or any part
of it to any schemes of speculation1 or
internal improvement by the State '
rivers or railroads until our public debt'
shall have been paid. This is its ap'-
propriate channel. I believe that ha'd
it not been for these river and railroad'
schemes our debt would -""ji ---main
have been paid. I believe thaV
tinue drawing upon' our Treasury 'by
our legislation we will in a short time:'-
POjlflf f
..!! mnrn en Willi MtTiS-- . '
tent of country compared with-oi-joe "t of funds our debt unpaid "and
nonulation. is much greater. A hand-fWT!Wleengaged in schemes which
.i c that the. uommiisiouers " -
to me for the sum ol .'. ' - .' d fop -lts dlfcbur.ement will sit
terest from l i U. to March lf jP tIle bankll of the rive clear
subsequently for 'glnJ ou. a Tew snags and trees then come
fnim ihn 1st day of April lb4 1 redeem . u and
hle. bv the Government at. any time af- to Austin a u " .
w . r .i . u- v nrMW Lilt: ?iiwi'm '"" --
ful of men cannot bear a system ot di-
rect taxation to clear out the rivers of
an empire xou cannot coueei me uju-
ney and again distribute it equany or
in a manner that will result in equal
benefits to all even though the system
should be prudently svnd cautiously
adopted; and you will certainly not
nnrnaeh it bv the guessing anu -con
sulting" manner in which that bill has
been gotten up. Texas is young and
just beginning to walk (as it were )
We occud important positions at an
imnortantDeriod of her history. W e
I l at n.1 T ifnnno Q WH
i - i. u; i oi-n ninnninjx i u vvuiii ui 1 j
in order io mane tu ..- i - . '..jii Jipiinn
The meager amount ay the .yuu. - - i
IAD CriVf.II I.II LIIO OUIW.I.JH wv.
... i - .1 ! flAf- .i.-sn tliio
WJlt
terlhe first day ol aepieui .r.. .-. - f b the nmonnt
Ireddo.iars anew u . .".. u:.. u.m k -nrnnria-
nameo in me um auwmu - rr.-r-
loorimrtwn llUlK
D r .-.Uw.l 1 ii.rnil
theTieasury dooks lor uiu. . ...
ed no hond. . .
Since that period. I have neither
hought nor sold one dollar of Texan
7-;m .f anv kind. I did not make
my purchase " in the. Mreels ol mc ci-
lies or villages of Texas at auction un-
der the hammer and have them cried
off in quantities to suit purchasers!
when they were piled up as large as
..niton bales." N or did I we or hear ot
U l-no
portions that injusuce win v...-.
Such conclusions from such premises
might be correct; but who proposes to
tax the people
...m-irnnrialion ?
of S2bU.5U0 which is embraced in the
bill is asked not to be. taken .irom uie
people by taxation but from the money
derived irom ine saie oi me in.
we
the " superstructure
'will let the people reflect upon
subject until the next general election
I thinlc it will oe quieie-i.
But Mr. President it wc are io pass
KU" win- . . .... I
any such ales when I visiied I . exas. . 1
n-iid more in some instance than the
p---u u"lc- ".. JT r nt.to have sold
ftix ner cem. uunus u. - -
ted. for ihe. Trinity it would not maife
it navigable ; it with the balance of the
riv..M nf the Slate beinst better adapt
ed to the ' watering of siock" than for
the purposes of naviga'ion.
Mil. HILL: I think that the gentle-
man did not understand me to say that
'twas fit only for stock water.
MR. B1GELOW: I did not anuue
to the. gentleman from Navarro. As
for myself. I entertain a very different
nnmion Ol me rivers ui xc.au.. ". ---
main which was acquired in pari u . " V- nMqnn ' ilhaMmgnffi
the losses and pmaUon. o never -; . -- Thc arguments
n t-i r r-ir rnvifiM iiiiiiii i tin ijuiiivu -
UlCll WUV IlV" ivwww j-- -
! A... lr rt tllO
our rivers and wno nur.an. . "
legislaiure but a small portion ot the
fruits of their bill.
Again sir it is said that the adoption
of the bill will be the beginning o a
nniiov ruinous to the state mat me
small amount named in the bill will be
the entering wedge to "new" and -'large-appropriations.
Now sir I am tree
i.i u ii- ota now ten or
teen per cent above par; more than
similar bonds of the great State of Penn-
sylvania commande 1. about the same
period at the. brokers Doaru m
Selphia ; and more than twice as much
ms the bonds of Indiana and Illinois
TOPe then worth; and yet neither of
nf frp.ntlcmen. when 1 offered the amend
"- o--- . .. r.i .-
ment to give us a part oi me an ill-
ation of $37500 to the Trinity river
above Magnolia has certainly proved
to us that no portion of that amount can
ever get that high up me river - iuu.i
u.o n(Tr.u this amendment increas
ing the appropriation to 100000 ; that
if we are to be forced into measures ot
this kind we may stanci some cuuhui-
before welfircu4Ujryis deeper in debt
are. uur citizens uiim" onovr
r.r xnnrmnns direct taxation WTOn
rrnnnf1inr benefits and while the
friends of this bill calling the Trinity
the ' Mississippi of Texas" I am as-
tonishrd to find its warmest advocates"
from that river. advocating it seems to
me a policy which will saddle upon
that people their portion of a tax suffi-
cent to remove the obstructions from all
our rivers for the sake of the small sum'
mrmired to their own. This must be
the result ; for if the State begins th
work she must effect the object.
Mr. President I have been in Texas'
since 1836 : She is my adopted home y
I expect to live and die upon her soi ;
my ft-Hes and prospects in this world
..' M&ff.l with her?. If she prospers'
I may If she sinks I must. It she
sets her compass right all is wellit
not we may look for breakers. My
desire is that she should. get out of
debt ; and second auopi sucu a
of policy as will keep her out of debt'
andatthe same ume " ""-v ;
ney in her Treasury to keep her Gov-
ernment in motion. Let her people
get rich but a full Treasury is a dan-
gerous thing. .
t ... think-1 eannot again be misun-
derstood. Keep oil ot tne acuar wuh-u
of its
up.mw - -- .-. T DMMlr nt the.
ticulariy oi ine 1 1 uiujr -p- .
fif Trinity sir. because in me wmu.
lJ1 ! -' . I l.. main V
this debate thai river uus uCn ........
referred to. 1 have known someiumg
of the history of the Trinity river for
v. l:st fif:een vears and during that
period I know that it has been navia-
ied with some success but with not a
A Inr hack as xouo
to declare mat H uie. aio". - - - h
ooosnn cUn.ii hR found sufficient to on upper iniiuy
d.U...oU.mm m :. v.flla.
e?.r. T?TllZ: Zu be in MR. PARKER : If that amendment
.l . caoIo hsr
the.se States has attempieu u .-.. --
by an ct of limitation or repudiate her
debts.
It is very true that I did not. in per-
. -iv-ms when clouds envoi-
sou K" '" '-. . .i !
ped her in darkness anu pern u.jr .
in conflict or confront and grapple
with the enemy" although invited so to
do by ihe President of that stnugling
Republic and for reasons well known
to that hign iuihj.iuii-j-. - --- -
conceive what my going tnither or staj-
ing auay has to do with the juMice or
equity of .1 debt due me by soierancon.
.lerfand for the payment of w h.ch he
public revenues nni ne mim iu ..
Sf Ihe Republic of Texas were pledged.
But 1 trusl I may be permitted to say.
M:hnt -.f-liracv. and in justice to
thememory of a gallant youth long ago
coni-Hied to a bloody grave that 1
armed and equipped ray eldest son then
l. ..-on vpars ot aee and that he
DUiroicmv.'.-; i ' !.. A
went to Texas ana voiuman.j -..
cheerfully staked his life in the conflict.
With manv brave companions h was
i:..i i..nrun as lar uaciv ua
IHUU Hfllljv-.. . .
bir-'o class steamboats ascenneu uiwm
lar'e amounts of merchandise to the
.Z spiilp.ments. and in re.turn car-
oo farnn as Maffnolia. I should be in
clo "' ' G .
favor of making another appropriation
equal in amount for the improvement
of the same stream above that place.
t. nnni.lminn. Mr. President it is urg-
XII V.VMIVIW.'-"J - i
ed that the system sought io De iiuupi-
ed by the passage of this bill is in vio-
lation of our well settled democratic po-
licy and therefore should not be favor
ed. With me sir this argument nas
no force.
The country has become too progres
sive and life too short
-i t . ilinca Twtin t"inln!T
are provided to puy i"- """ j-
met the cnemv in onruareei.uaruu
for us to wait
for gentlemen in night caps.' I have
always been a believer in the Demo-
i cratic laith ; bul U uemuwj o--v-
prevent a State from lending us am iu
ts inhabitants to enable thern to trans-
"ced W the channel port !-' fi i'"
peiu-...j ....- ;. j:.:B
r.. mT. f 'crnnrnnt Ol us uu-mu
im.i ii iuvi -
ried the products of the husbandman to
!-. nnrl hv ihis mode ever since
.. . .:.' ti.o rnnle of that section of
the" country bordering on the Trinity
have been mainly suppneu wu -
articles of merchandise as they needed.
Now I ask gentlemen to explain by
what particular freak of natu the wa-
ter has been uirecieu n-m "-
of that river. m . .
Mr. President. I consider the 1 nnit
river one of the best in the State and
i.i: .u. .. in. rt ed thou-and dol-
ueiieit- niu.1 w.i- '" ... -j
lars could be well expended in naou.g
it. of the. obstructions which now inter-
. :.. ....:..;. hut T am not in la-
rupi no iiniginii ""- -
vor ot making so large an aPH. uFi . " r ' nhaticauv opposed to every prin-
at the present time and therefore shall self emcls Usplf in oppOSi-
oppose'the amendment offered by the :lPZJLUe oFthe
mye!
e"" " . . .1 1?
. .1 Ui-1. hllT TI1CS llUllllir i
What sir is me oiaio ""VC; .ho w -s "the result of compromise
is adopted will you vote for the bill ?
MR. HILiIj: 1i sir- J i-u'-c ---'
compromise of principle for local bene-
fit nirl T helieve the policy right in
itself it would have my support; but
while I believe it wrong though those
whom I represent may be proscribed
for my opposition yet 1 oppose it. -n-
million io ine inmi; u"'" "T & i
my vote for the bill. Pass the bill and
it affords food for demagogues on the
dnmn: leads to local and sectional
combinations in legislation; to a change
of our Constitution and puts us mil-
lions deeper in debt before we are
near out. While I believe thi my
voice will always be no. uui ine mo-
ney sought to be. appropriated is a com-
mon tund me iruu oi cuuimuu '""; -We
claim the right to be consulted in
it annronriation. Gentlemen say that
those patriots who nobly advanced to
supply them and I may go with you.
But when I hear these dollars mow I'
am off unless they more in the right
channel.
The gentleman from Polk alludes to
an early acquaintance and high regard
to patriotic motives &c and seems to
i iu;b Hint mv nresent position in advo-
- it; inr.rr.ase to the Trinity riveY-
When the people are prosperous u
o-;o ronA.nns ! The. people b
"-' ar T . j .h- a;a. hplnnST
l..rrr tn ItlP flie. HOU l"C um v..-.a
. .u .r.i. ihpir interests are
in inn ucuuiu ...w.
visible
Why
indi-
UUIO . iw. --- --
1 hesitate not to declare my-
Senator from Navarro ; and I would
c0 it fnp nnnther reason it is m .
t'l' . . . . jri- .v. v.;u Thn
acre in which we live and seeks through
th hitrh soundinc title oi aanmiuw
were we on the upper Trinity not con-
sulted ? Give us a chance to help nx
it up.
MR. DAVIS : Because we knew you
s.iilr nnnnsft it.
uu -rr-- . . ml .
MR. HIL'L': An: yes. iueu u
cause
we as a minority oppose making
tdiing i"w . . ir.-
is seeking to appropriate to myseii "-
of the glory of this measure.
Now I have certainly a high regard
for that gentleman and for his opinions:
I have known him long ana on wum-
rv occasions would be disposed to con-
fide in his judgment. But on this oc-
casion thinking that I find him in .the
rrOf.r.e.l mns leave; but I assure
that gentleman that I am not fighting
him it is that tiff and the system which
:. :.. -.llo.l n fasten UOOn my COUn-
11 is i;aiiiiiiiiii--. . . - i - .
try motives I hope faabove the pal-
try sum which it proposes to appropri-
ate ; and as to the "glory" of it I as-
... ' l: : ; wa I have no aspifa-
sure nun n- " -" - :.;!-
tions of that sort and I would consider
the bill much more innocent arid would
" .- rr t much the sooner if twice the
VULC li . Tfl
simply approjjui"
amount was
to
TtV obiect is to defeat the bill. The the nign sounumg "'"--"
amount named in the bill for this river I lohiggenj or any other name to
cheat
j .. j - . . . mnr
. i r.. nnmmnn mno in eiuci o ..." . . i
an invesimeu-'r" banks 0f the Trinity r.vcr to me n.m-
ihA au Tnar. t ma uiiit v ..w -
holders wish thnt majority assumes
nument of "snags" on the
. nvin;iv river to the mom
lllP J-ii'-V ' . J.
p .t .. n.man 9inn lauiLi '
or' ol mat Bciiucu."
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Ford, John S. South-Western American (Austin, Tex.), Vol. 4, No. 42, Ed. 1, Wednesday, March 30, 1853, newspaper, March 30, 1853; (https://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth79765/m1/1/: accessed May 21, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, The Portal to Texas History, https://texashistory.unt.edu; crediting The Dolph Briscoe Center for American History.