Western Texian (San Antonio de Bexar, Tex.), Vol. 1, No. 13, Ed. 1, Friday, January 12, 1849 Page: 1 of 4
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SAW ANTQfllO de BEX Alt JAITOAI&Y-12 1849
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THE WESTERN TEXIAN.
I'UltLISUtiD nv
M. CRONICAN fcJvA. GLASSCOCK.
TI2KMS.
SUBSCRIPTION Four dollars per mil
nam payable invariably in advance. Fur
six inniitliH two dollar-) ami lifty cents.
AOVUUTKSKMHNTS Will ho itisrtiil
ut the rule of one dollar per Mpniru lor the
first and fifty crow fur each subsequent hi
sertion. Ten Much or loss cniihtilutu u square.
A liberal discount will be uituiu to those
who uilvurtUu by the yenr.
Atiritniuccioeiils of Candidates fur office
will he churned for at tliu immu rate as adver-
tisements. Murrine and obituary notices also churg
cd as advertisements.
Political Circulars and all communications
'of a private or pergonal nature will be charg-
ed nttho simi! rales as advertisement:?.
it comjuiiiiiciiiiotMir advertisement of an
abusive character will be inserted in our coK
umn.s on any terms
05 All advertisement not innrUed with
the length nf time desired for publication will
lie inserted until forbid and charged accord
inly.
ILiCgal Advertising.
Ail adverttsemeutUithe piihliuattim nf which
in required by law mint be paid for in ad'
vanve or they wilt not be insetted
A deduction nf llfieen per cent will be
made on all teal iidveriisumeulfl such as cita
tton notices &c. when they exceed two
qiiure and this law requires them .to be pub.
iisutMi wr Piistii wi'i'Kf nr mun uui h.
instance tub Cash must nic I-aid.
u every
For the inliirmatioii f partie iutereptt'il
we publish ihe follow i i extract from an Act
ptifitpil at the last hussiou of the Slate Legis-
lature :
Act rrgu'ating Fees of OJicc.
11 Sr.crm.v .$'. 'That mi all chmh where a
eitation or oilier proes i? required to be serv-
ed by imlilieaiioH in a newspaper the ofiVer
whu-e tlu v il oiay he in make siieh serviet
shall he fin nihhed ubh the printer1. fee for
aneli puMiculimi before lie h.ill be nq tired
to have seiuro made."
rfvi' raising?.
H5" N itwithslatnlni"; our tonus are von
ry explicit us published above and not
easy to b" misunderstood we frequent
y rcot'ivo advertisements from a dis-
tance without the uecessarv compliance
with tho most important item payment
in advance. Unless satisfactory arrange
meuts be made with our agents or some
responsible reference bo given in this city
no advertisement coming frdm'beyond tho
limits of the town will hereafter be insert
ed. All those interested will take due no-
tice thereof and govern ihemsovcs accord-
ingly. Ai;e:aN- i'ov flhc 5'cxaan.
The following named gentlemen are re-
quested to net at aemtt for the " Wksturn
Tkxian " in their respective counties viy. :
Haiivkv CANTr.anr.aav Comal county.
M. It. Lewis (luadalupa county.
Thomas I. CAnrMnx Travis county.
Jamls Nicholson Uaslrop county.
Col. JonmiN Fayette enmity.
S. W. Pnuinit .Matagorda county.
Honjamin Wiiitk Jackson couoiy.
II. ft. CAUr.Miit.L Washinatnu and .J. B.
RountiTsoN Independence Washington co.
Post MaoTCK Sao Felipe AiMiu county.
Wim.iam II. ItVAN Fort Ueiul couoiy.
Guv M. lavN l5raoria county.
M. K. Sm;li Harris county.
John Ciionican ( dveston county.
1'ost tMASTi'.u Liberty Liberty county.
Fisancis II units Nueces county.
A. S. TutJUMoNi) Victoria county.
Mosns Johnson Port Livaca.
iloiiAcn L. Uesuuit Indian Point.
G. W. Gi.A&oci; Williiimsoti county.
II. (5. Munson Milam county.
Cap!. J. L. IIaMm lluiiston county.
Wm. L. HuNrr.u (Joliad county.
Wm. II. Hunt Fannin county.
AdmlnktratorS IVolice.
f" ETTEKS ol inlmiuistialion having been grant-
J odlotho undemgmd an- n Iho tututu of John
11. Ilohbins deceased at the Nor. Term of tho Hon.
Prohalc Court for tho county of Ilcxar and Stato
of Texas Tin! is therefor o to notify all those who
havn claims ngairiHt naid pstate to present them with
in tho time prouunbtd by law and nil thono .adehtfd
to said estate arc hereby r q nimH ti m.ikn imme-
diate payment. JAMES . GIl.LGT
Dec. 1G 1019. fl:Cv Adminitrntor.
AdiniiiiHfrator'n IVolice.
TT ETTEHS of administration having been grant
B A cd to tho uiidetmgaed upon thu estate of Na
thaniel D. PendcrgrafB decoased at tha Oolnhei
Term of tho lion. Probate court for the county o-
Dexar and Slate of Tcxai This is therefoie lo mm
tify all persons having claims against said ectate td
present tliam within tho timo prescribed by law and
all those indebted to said estate aro hereby requcsto
lo make Immodiato payment.
JAMES S.GILLET
Dec. 1G 1840.
9'6w
Administrator.
Aflmiiiiiitraior'M "Volit'c
F.TTnitS of adminulralion having Deon
l frrftntfd lo iho undursigiiRd upon the nslato of
Nathaniel Mangmn oepcasca ui inj urwurr ivim
of the Hon. Prnbalo Court for Iho county of Dexar
and Sialo of Texas This 18 therrforo lo notify all
persons who have claims ngulrut said cslato lo pre-
acut them within tho timo prrsenbed by law ; and
all thoRe indyblfd lo said estate are hereby request
d to make immcJialo payment
JAMES S. GILLET
r .--- . i . .1 ....l...r.
Dec. 1G 1048.
9;6w Administrator.
rnrUIE fixturea of the barroom of the American
Exchange together with tho lo billiard table
complete ; Lamps Halls Cu-s and Clnthi in perfect
order. The above is offered at a bargain as we con-
template an extension of our general mercantile Luj'i
Vm. C. J. COOK & CO.
;.UnbDfe 1 1848. Titf
POETRY
Pur Uiu Wffllcrn I'uxuu.
Song.
I1V ONE OP TUB RANORflM.
t linnk la thy sinitptfrom thy enralino lip
Tliu ncli dywy nrclar ia ruptiiro I nip ;
I littvu cull'd Inim thy Iressos .i ringlut of hnlr
Which I ni-ariny huurt as it tdiinian wuar.
When (fin joyoui and Ruy hid mo come to thn feust
7nd tho wiiittHimrkloiibrljjtlil with tho niiiuiid thojet
Ahlilttu lli ink lhcytiDt my truniiL thoughts rovo
Faraway faruway lo the duly I luvu.
Anihition tnny litro mo with weillli Hnd with porter
And heautyV soft futtors unchain fur an hoar
But wuutc lIid nllurniK'nl mid hnltlu tliu chain
When this talismiu brings thy laved iaiago again.
I nak for an pnwor hut lo reign ia thy heart
No wfaltti beyond Unit Inch thy smilui can impart;
No niaijio to Khii'hj inn from narrow itmlcaro
Put thu spell thnt ttetiHltB in Uii rijiglctoi hair.
Fttrlho WeblcinToxian
The Hero.
Who in tho Iuto? he ulmeo word
A host of rrady evtfo nhey?
Who is thu huro ? ho wboso sword
In fhiyhliost hi tho battle fray ?
H! who with norvu U'nlnkcri taads
Whcro deatli'd JaUructuo arro.vs spiked
And ut iho tioand of whose commands
Ton llioisand fearless warriors bluud t
Or hp who ip fair vlrttien name
Hlnridti in tho wild tuinulluou crowd
When the hi;h truths his word-i proclaim
Are met uilh htss- deep and land .
N tr hofdw thiH thrcat'ninijrry but soil
UphftH his voicu f-lil I uiidi'tHrrod :
Nor rpjits lltu uni-qaat htrifo until
Triumphant truth at I at. I U hoard ?
Me who with kindly deeds doth win
Thu filhai and lluar stt'pi reitnro
It ick from tin: ways of b tin me and din
To llin Ituo pallia they UmJ het're ;
Aii'l whilu I hi d ! tluMiohlu tisk
Pran which tgnuhle tnhuU tvaiild shrink
S rot in timid (' ir ti uk
W lul iho i oni; mil mij or think ;
II ii hff'illcH n' its frown ur m-iiUc
' Soil i" Iih heller pro - ; H i i ir - truo
. And liads n rich reward th while
If but thu yooJ ho rfecka ensue ?
This Ihi1 i- f"' lom'a truo iwrn Sun
Who 11111.1 tho vilo opinion bravea
And nachuH hoalouo itvn won
True Iret dom all bt-nido ate lxv n.
Fro. a ttu Viuioru Advocalo.
Will iheep brought from the barrens of
Mexico improve in sizn and constitution
and their icooluccotnejincr by pasturing
on our prairies without c osxing w'utt
the finer wooled varieties 7
AIkssus. Editokh. That this change
iroes vury (ur to alter and improve the
sheep wo have tho testimony ot many m
tulhjjinit anujibierviivi limners anu tin:
wool is greatly improved by annual and
proper flipping winch in Mexico ia much
neglected. We called the other day to
examine the flock of Judge M ; he pur-
chased eight out of a drove thatcaine irom
Mexico live years ago. They have never
been crossed with any other variety; the
blood is the same that he purchased.
They arc now a fine flock numbering one
hundred and twenty-five. The Judge
thinks they have improved fully 33 1 3 per
cent his last spring cl;p averuged 4 lbs.
the fleece of unwashed wool and some of
it was far superior to anything we had
expected to find. The Judge informed us
thai he had never lost one by disease
iho wolves have occasionally made sad
havoc in his flock lie says that ot all
his stock they have been Hits most neglect-
ed and Mil'l they have increased most
rapidly. We have examined other uuim
proved flocks and find the same sutislacto
ry results. That sheep will greatly im-
prove by changing them irom the hills
and scanty pastures of oxico to the tin
dtilaiiug plains ol Texas there is no doubt.
Vegetation influences lo a great extent
the form and disposition ol animals.; such
changes may bo brought about either by
the abundance or scarcity of the herbage
or by the nature of tho country on which
that herbuge is produced. Sheep lotiud on
hilly countries are always widely different
from tlio&eol the plains. Their bodies arc
light their legs long and their habits of
that unquiet kind which ruudur them lios
tile to any thing litco restraint. The sheep
of the plains are distinguished on the con
trarv by heavy bod.es short legs and easy
tempers snbdueu as tuey tin oy tne na-
ture o( their locality. They readily sub
ruit toman who tutors them at will and
works on them those profitable changes
from which have orgiuated the improved
varieties. Sheep require an open dry
country. A thickly timbered country
does not suit for them. In regard to cli-
mate they like the horse delight in a dry
and temperate one. It is the opinion of
writers on this subject that they can only
ho raised to their highest point of excel
lence in tho country ol the vine I l.'e
Western pails of continents produce beller
sheep than the Eastern and the Southern
hemisphere butter than Ihe Northern. i
we in Texas have not the best chinMo in
the warld we have (according to the above
result) the best in the United States and
that will do us. re nre satisfied that the
undulating plains of Western Texas are
admirably adapted to the successful growth
of the sheep; and we arc of tho opinion
that wooWgrowing is destined at no "rent
period to attract the attention oi tho farm
crsof the West and we also believe the
lime is not roiiMto when we shall export
more biles of wo 1 than cotton. But says
one where shall wo find a market for all
this wool ? This question is answered. by
Sam Iiaureuce E-q. of Boston a large
manufacturer m answer to enquiries made
by H. S. K .ihHI of New York. "You
ask is the present home demand supplied?
There is not enough annually raised in
the country by 10.000000 of lbs. to meet
the demand ol tho manufacturer. You
ask to what country can we export This.
country will not export wool regularly for
fifteen years for the reason that the con
sumption will increase as rapidly as the
production. I cm point out articles made
of wool now imported that will require
30000000 jot' lbs. of medium and fine
quality to supply the consumption.
'Now I beg of you to keep the wool-
growers steady to the mark ; let them aim
to excel in the blood and condition of their
flocks and the day is not far distant when
they will bo amply remunerated." Woof
growing is found to be one of the most
protitable investments the farmer can
make In Ohio whre sheep like all
other stock must have special care and
attention and provisions supplied them
for four or live mouths in the year wool-
growing is found to be very profitable.
Tho capital invested in that State is esti-
mated at 7000000 dollars paying an
interest of i0 per cent independent of all
expenses ; and five millions of IhW sum is
the estimated value of the laud necessary
for the support of 2000 000 dollars worth
ofslieep. Now let us ask what extra
expeuce other than what the sheep would
cost would the fanners o! the West incur
should they add to their present stock of
cattle and horses a floclcofsheep l Would
t oy have lo purchase more land? Would
they have to store up more provisions for
winter Would they have to make any
more fence? Would not all ihe expense
consist in supplying a lad tor a shepherd?
who would with his dog attend to a
thousand head. They will support them-
s'Ivhs the year round if we will only
protect ihein Iro.u thir enemies.
What i merest will capital employed lti
wool-growing pay in a country possessing
fie advantages "1 ours? LeMhe tiial lie
made and the fanners answer this ques-
tion. Were wetn do s ( however correct
ly lew would heheve our gnrjs. lu cmi
elusion let us re.speetlully fee Minuend I
the farmers lo purchase the cheap Me.vi
can shc-py keep them one year without
any attempt to improve them and accus
tout them to their new horn then cross
with a half blood say Merino; then three
fourths blood and stoop at a certain point
which your good judgment may indicate.
Kor it is a well established fad thai the
fitter (he trool. the more ttctteat -tftvr.onmil
tution of the sheep Andes wo will re-
quire (hem to caler for themselves the
whole year we must not expect lo produce
the finest wool.
In fact we believe that a grade article
worth about 23 cents per lb. will be found
tho most profitable for us to grow; of this
kind each fleece will weigh about three
pounds clean wool.
And now let us add 100 lbs. of wool to
ihufine blood colt and the two mules of the
right kind as recommended in our last to
each hand we work and wc shall soon
discover what is the true interest of the
Farmers of the West.
We have attempted in a plain manner
lo answer tho several queries as given in
our first article and if we have done so
satisfactorily and brought this subject
rightly before the fanners wo shall fell
amply remunerated.
A Wkstehn Faumkr. -
Corn ((Kjiidiaico of ilio N. Y- Obxervi'r.
The Cholera in 'S'terSiy.
Important Facts in its Treatment
Constantinople. Aug. 27 18 IS.
Messrs. Editors The cholera is still
: making dreadful ravages in various pans
ol Turkey as well as in some portions of
Europe. Mysterious disease! that stretch
es Us gigantic arms from tfie Red to the
White Sea and at the same moment ol
time kills as in a moment its hundreds
and thousands in Cairo m Constantinople
and l i Petersburg 1 And thus it moves on.
ward and onward and onward towards
tfie west awakening the mosl gloomy
forebodings in notions and countries yet
unreached whilf it leaves deflation and
sorrow be.nnU I Quarantines and mililo-
sauitaiy cordons are intiiut'd in vnm:
They have again and again been proved
to bo most perleolly useless in slaying the
march ol this dreaulul pestilence io
quarantines nor disinfecting ageuls can be
of any avail unless you can adopt menus
so gtucrul and powerful as to change the
character of tho whole atmosphere around
us. There can scarcely be a doubt thai
ihe Asiatic cholera as it N called depends
upon a specific cause and that that cause
is in ihe atmosphere. Recent observations
seem to show that the electric or magnetic
fluid has something to no with it. This is
a point upon which some light may be
thrown in America suouiu tne uisease in
vade that country us now seems most pro
liable; for iho electric telegraphs in opera-
tiou there are more numerous than in nny
oilier country in the world ; and if as has
been asserted in Europe the cholera at-
mospherc aflVcls these iuMrnmentu the
fact must surely be observed in Aunrica.
The cholera has now existed in the city
of Constantinople for nearly one i-njire
year; though much of the time it has
been of a mi d type and limited in extent.
Within the last month however it has
shown more malignancy than at any for-
morf period and during one week nearly dl
who were attacked died. The number ol
death? in Iho city from cholera aloun dur
ingtliat week was reported al 1100. At
the same time the disease has been raging
af llroosa. Nicotucdia Adabara Magnesia
urumo Aleppo ami various other places
in the interior. Trohtssntid was dreadful-
ly yisited n yer ago and now tho disease
hnsrcturuml with such violence as to drive
almost everybody from the eity that had
thomeans of fleeing. It hasjtisl begun its
ravages tt Suiyrua"whero it is to ho" feared
it vjill be particularly severe As I have
inliinated this scourge of Ihe human raeo
is moving westward. It will doubtless by
and by bo heard of from Franco and Eng-
lainiand then il will cross the Atlantic as
before to perform ils direful mission in
Amjnca..
My principal object in introducing the
sublet into this letter is to communicate
J?!infaels concerning ils treatment which
hrt-vtbeeii learned by experieure.lu this
pure of tho world and winch though ihoy
may not be new to professional "men in
America may tend to corrohborato what
they have already observed and heard on
thr subject while those ot vonr readers
who tiro "not versed in medical sci nee
amy have their minds quieted somewhat
in knowing that there are precautions
which under God wdt iu most case:) se-
cure safety even in the midst of tho great-
est exposures.
The Asiatic cholera which when fairly
seated is one of the most unmanageable
of all diseases despising all human art
and skill and mocking till the assiduities
of friendship in almost all cases begins
with a mild diarrhea which iu that slag
is most readily cured. True where ihe
eholera is raging we are continually hear-
ing of persons who arose well in iho morn-
nig and are iu their graves before night ;
and it is not to be doubted that (hero are
some cas s in which the very first attack ol
the disease is the collapse from which re-
covry is rare. Hut I can say with truth
thai in evert instance of Humj sudden
deaths of cholera in which I have been
able lo investigate the circumstances 1
have found that the individual had been
laboring under dial rhea for some days
previous. Generally Ibis is so slight as
not to he much noticed ; it is attended with
no pains and no sickness of .stomach per-
haps and gives the person no particular
inconvenience. Hut it is this very diarr-
hea which is insidiously preparing the
system for the most dreadful onset of dis-
ease. Whenever the cholera is pievailing
iu any place it should be a rule iu every
instance to stop even the slightest diarr-
hea vntnediately. For this we have a riK
iih ci y always at hand. Opium iu some
furuY-trr oihor nutttt ho niL immediately
and without ear. in iho form ol Infill a.
inim perhaps it may Ijo ust.d most conve-
niently. At such times it should he found
in every house ; and the master of the fa
mil y should give the strictest injunction to
every inmate of his house to give untile
diate notice il attacked with diarrhea in
mild cases .six- drops of laudanum for an
adult will be sufficient to check the dis-
ease. The dose should bo repeated every
4 hours until the diarrhea is stopped
This is a most important direction lu
severe cases of diarrhea a larger dose
must be used and the dose may be increas-
ed indefinitely without the least injury so
long as the effect of checking the diarrhea
is not produced. 1 have been called to
prescribe iu a great multitude of casts of
cholera iu this incipient stage and 1 have
found every one of thein to yield to this
medicine. Tfie prescription is one which
our good brother Doctor Smith left with
Ins brethren in Turkey in anticipation of
Iho cholera when he wa& returning to Amu.
rica ; and by the blessing of God I do be-
lieve it has saved thousands of lives. Our
native brethren in Nicomediu and Broostt
having been instructed on tho subject by
Dr. Smith have been exceedingly useful
as instruments of checking Ihe disease in
a great multitude of cases. Many oven ol
ttteir worst enemies among the Americans
futve flocked to them for this medicine and
having proved its virtues havebecome their
best friends.
I have used with the best effects iu :na
ny severe cases when there was much
pum and tendency to cramps nud coldness
in Iho extremities a mixture of equal parts
ol Laudanum Tincture of Rhubarb and
Tincture of Camphor Of this eighteen
iUii muy hn jnveii for on adult at a dose
m mild cases to be increnseu otwr..B -.
circumstances. Of all epidemic or conta-
gious diseases none excites more general
alarm than the malignant cholera and yet
I know of none that gives such timely pre-
monitions of ils approach and that is so
perfectly under human control (so to
speak) as this is iu this early stage.
Of course when there is a tendency to
diarrhea in cholera times the strictest at-
tention should be paid to diet and fruits
..i nnwin VHO-Htnblos should bo carefully
avoided. Wherever tho cholera prevails
it has been found that most people are
easily mclin d lo bowel complaints and
this is an indication that tne diet of peoplo
gencrrlly should bo regulated accorumgiy.
A Midden change from a generous lo alow
diet iu snt'h circumV.unces has been found
quite injurious. A person who is well
should Continue to eat very much as ho
has been accustomed lo except that most
..nni .t tnn miteh. as a ifctiernl rule and
except thai fruits and certain vegetables
which mother times would be harmless
under the cholera atmosphere ore apt lo
produce diarrhea.
I will close my communication by" giv-
ing soirro particulars of two or three gases
under many that havo come tinder my
own observation to illustrate what I have
said above I was awakened one night
aoout nuuiiignt hy two ol my own children
one If) and the other 13 vears of aire.
I hey had boili been suddenly attacked
with dianhea and vomiting accompanied
with thesorvorcut pains amounting almost
to cramps in the stomach. The cholera
was prevailing around and of course 1
had tfie greatest reason for apprehension
that this was a sudden attack of lliis disease
1 administered immediately full doaes of
the mixture mentioned above repeating
if every two hours as long as tho symptoms
'ouiiuued urgent I gave also the oil ol nop-
perniiut anil repeatedly applied the spirit of
Camphor with fiiction to o region of
the stomach. Tfie next day they were
both well again excepting of course some
debility frm the preceding night's attack.
They had both eaten freely tht day before
of a dUli of utrmged bcaiisaud 1 remarked
that each upward evacuation of tho slom
aeh brought with it some of these beans
in precisely the same state iu which they
had been eaten twelve hours before.
A European merchant of my acquaint
auce residing iu Galala arose one morning
and look a sea hath as he was accustomed
to do. lie then attended to various matters
of business which required him to walk
severdl miles back and forth iu the city
lie returned to his lodgings quite ill some-
time iu the forenoon and before night of
the same day ho was a corpse having died
of a most violent attack of cholera 1 This
case was reported as one of dealh almost
on the very first attack but I acertained
on iunuirv. that this individual had been
suffe.iug with diarrhea for eight or ten
dliys previous!
A Protestant Americnn was very violent-
ly attacked one night with what his phy-
sician called 'Mho most awful case of cho-
lera ho liad ever witnessed" lie died
within twenty-four hours! Tfie facts
concerning tho case however aro these
lie had had a similar altack two or three
weeks previous mid had been cured by
ihe blessing of God on the remedies men-
tioned above. Tl e day before his second
altacle while ho was still weak from the
first he walked many juiles and became
very much fatigued and certain circum
stances had also very much agltoled his
mind. lie eat a hearty meal iu the evening
partly of beans and meat which no doubt
was the immediate cause of the attack ; and
after the diarrhea commenced nothing was
done lo cheek it for severul hours and
when al last a physician was Culled il was
too. late I
Fill u would I bopo that our boloved
country may be saved fmm the ravages of
th1iu.Atirfrn! hut tliiN iu.ii liimllir tin xt
pected. It will probably come and come
" ""7 .r''i.f "ill "L " """"' I "
to many lis a thief iu the night' although
the warning has been long and loud. The
class ol peoplo among whom it makes its
greatest desolations aro those who use
fiabilually the iutoxicatiug cup. 1 don't
know that even the strictest attention to
tho rules I have given above will avail to
save the drunkard when he is once attack-
ed. When the seeds of this disease are
cast into such a man's system it is like
striking fire into a box of tinder. The
whole internal coatings of his sOmach
besides other vital organs aro already
diseased and he is a subject of which the
cholera will mnkn very short work. It
makes one shudder to think how many
drunkards will he suddenly ushered into
eternity by this dire disease !
Wkmedy foii
following paper
TIIK CllOLRItA. The
(leserihiug an allege
infallible remedy against the cholera was
communicated to the Board of' Health ol
Livt rpool by an officer of rank long resi-
dent in India :
Ingredients for one dose for an adult :
usgnfcotiihi opium black popper (pul-
verized) of each two grains made into
u pill. Should two grains of opium be
thought too Urge n dose (which if pure
opium be used it muy be) one grain and
a half may be tried. These pills may be
made up and kept for use in a phial the
mouth ol il being well closed. When
used the pills should be brokrn down
and bruised and taken in a tablespoonful
of brandy and water and washed down
with a small quantity ofthe Fame. (It
would be better fllill to chew the pill and
IimnVifT;)-' tfrte1 jtoiinu..AD!'
swallowed whole asibey would not act
so promptly and might be brought up by
vomiting. The dose should be repealed
every half hour according to the urgency
ofthe case until the symptoms be sub-
dued. Two or three doses are generlly
sufficient but five or more have been
given before the disease bus been arrest-
ed giving half or quarter doses at shorl in-
tervals: und in cases of great prostration
and protruded disease I huve ns nn ad-
ditional slimulanl.substiiuled red pepper
for the blnek pepper oocasionally. Fries
. I I lt .. lit i h rw fililkhlrtlttt.'l
lion Willi not ami suiuviuuii ouwsuuiucn
over llu slornuch ond abdomen should
also be used. The limbs also should be
well rubbed in the same way and if the
naiieni has complained of more than
usual pain in the stomach 1 have some-
limes given ten grains of calomel al-
though 1 cannot say that I have observed
much benefit from it unless where there
i... iwn nnnnnaiinn nt the liver nr in
deed from any thing taken internally ex -
.... .!. t ( 4
thirst ns generally thero iaf a f0v s ootf?
iulsof brandy and water may bo g ven.
In cases of collapse the some course
tllUflt bo IMirStied otul cnnlinnpil. tbn
medicine being repealed nl intervals of
longer or shorter duration according lo
the state ofthe patient. And as Dr. Wisa
has recotmn nded ihe application of tho
tourniquet to the arms and legs in order
to husbund as it ware tho vital power
by limiting the extent of circulation! this
may be tried by applying n ligature of
tape or other suhsiance to the uppr arm
and thigh if the tourniquet bo no '
available.
COfllfflUIVlOATIOIVS.
Kor tho Western TtxUn.
The Council of San Antonio by virtup
of the Gib section of iho City Charter
aro authorised lo raise a revenue to bo
applied and expended ' for thcgooi go-
vernment and anucral imnrovement of
iho city and its precincts They nr
.no vfic-ii uy um -provisions oi mo
same section with legislative powers
over certain enumerated subjects and
over nil others of a like character which
iu fact embraces sutlicient legislative au-
thoriiy over every subject usuolly com
milted to ihe euro of most city govern-
ments. They are authorised to raise
this revenue by levying " moderate and
equitable taxes on ull fixed and movea-
ble properly wiihin their jurisdiction."
They uie further authorised to require
those who may bo exempt from direct
taxation to contribute by their manual
laimr towards all works of public utility.
By the provisions of tho seventh section
they aro also authorised "to grant li-
censes to persons retailing spirituous li-
quors to keepers of billiard tables and
others" Let us exumine each of these
sources of revenue iu their order ami en
deuvor to make an eslimnte of the rea-
sonable amount that each should pros
duce. The first nud mosl imporlunt
and that upon which the revenue or sup-
port of tho city should chit fly depend is
the tax upon real estate. This species
at properly is always regarded particu-
larly iu cines us the most legitimate ob-
ject of inxrtiinn. Who riro the persons
most directly benefitted by city improve-
ments und efficient city regulations I The
answer immediately suggests itsell the
holders of real estate within its limits ;
und tho amouni paid by ihem in the shape
of oily tnxes if judiciously and properly
applied is not only o benefit to the whole
eommuniiy hut actually adds to ihe va-
"" 'V1'- TrV r"lV1J. UIM V"K" V-'H
I.. r i. ........ .... ...u:..u i.
IfH ?
fax ia imposed. If tliisjs true iheajbij
species ol properly should lurnish irirr--
prmcipui lunu iur mo supporter me city
government.
Tho State Government has adopted
die policy in usscssiug taxes upon real
estate to ascertain the value from ihe va-
luation placed upon it hy the owner him-
self. This system is liable lo great
abuse us the object of the law is easily
evuded and il lies almost within the
power of the owner lo fix the amount of
his own (axes and reduces ihe system to
neuily a stale of voluntary contribution.
To illustrate this system by a practical
example that actually occurred I will
refer to the case of an honest old lady
who wus applied lo for the purchase of a
house and lot which she refused to sell
for less than $6000. A few days after-
wards she wus wailed upon by the As
sessor. and she returned the same pro
perty upon oath as being of the value of
$20 ! Such u system ot assessment is a
mere mockery und would defeal any at-
tempt to collect even u moderate revenue
for city purposes. The council in as-
sessing ciiy luxes are bound by no such4
a sysiem as tho Charter docs not' pre-
scribe in what manner they shall be as-
sessed. It only requires that I hey shall
bo ' moderate and equitable" and nny
system of valuation by which the real
value nf tho property can be ascertain-
ed is entirely legal. The only defence
a inx-payc- could avail himself of in a
court of justice to defeat the right of re-
covery by ihe city would be that the tax
usfessed wusnol "moderate or equitable9
and upon the Council establishing the nt"
firmuiive of the issue their right of re
ter by what sysiem they lmd"urnve3""a'r
the valuation.
Tho real value of the property then
having been ascertained all will agree
that a tux of a certain per centagc upon
iliut value would be clearly " equitable ;"
but a greal variety of opinions might be
entertained as to what percentage would
constitute a moderate lax. une inigut ue
of opinion that one per cent was entirely
mi'derule" while another would re-
gard any thing higher than one mill as
immoderate und many others would pro-
bably fix the rules ut ihe different inter-
mediate points. The amount of per
centoge must be in a great measure in
the discreiion of the council who will
nrobablv exercise ihut discreiion in such
a manner us to establish a rate that will
be both " moderate and equitable." Now
lei us test this pyslem by a supposed ex-
ample. One individual for instance is
in ihe receipt of $1000 per annum fpr
1 . -. Alt
1 rent of improved city property
All
'
w-rin linn meuie me. It ihprn hn mno
itTamms
0 i
I
hi
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i
3
73
V
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Western Texian (San Antonio de Bexar, Tex.), Vol. 1, No. 13, Ed. 1, Friday, January 12, 1849, newspaper, January 12, 1849; San Antonio, Texas. (https://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth78265/m1/1/: accessed May 6, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, The Portal to Texas History, https://texashistory.unt.edu; crediting The Dolph Briscoe Center for American History.