Cement. Page: 2 of 3
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916,165
vitrification ensues. Then, while the mass is
red hot and in a viscous condition, I with-
draw it from the furnace and plunge it sud-
denly into two or three times its own weight
5 of water. This water should be held in a
lead-lined tank provided with a water jacket
and with means whereby the tank may be
heated. Violent ebullition ensues and the
heated mass becomes dissolved in a few
10 minutes. If the solution were effected by
other means it might require several hours
in its accomplishment.
When the solution of the heated mass is
complete, I allow it to cool, and then pour it
15 by degrees into a solution consisting of one
part of ordinary commercial sulfuric acid and
two and one-half parts of water by weight
and thoroughly mix the two solutions to-
gether. The silicate must be added to the
20 solution in such proportion as to neutralize
perfectly the acid in the water, the product
consisting of a stiff paste of potassium sulfate
and gelatinous silica. I then transfer this
paste to drying ovens in which I allow it to
25 remain until all uncombined water is ex-
pelled, taking care to avoid too high a tem-
perature in so doing, as this would occasion
decomposition of the sulfate. I therefore
never allow the heat to approach that of red-
30 ness. It it now removed and thereafter
ground to a fine powder, either by itself or
admixed with the burned gypsum and alu-
mina. If the materials are ground together
care should be taken to maintain them in
35 proper proportions. These are from twenty
to twenty-five pounds of the compound just
described, to one thousand and fifty pounds
of the burned gypsum- and alumina. Being
admixed in this proportion the process is
40 complete. The product then consists ap-
proximately of the following ingredients:
Calcined gypsum-____-1020 pounds.
Sub-sulfate of alumina 30
Dry gelatinous silica 14
Potassium sulfate.------11
The product just described is a cement.
For the decomposition of the potassium bi-
silicate I may use either potash alum or nor-
50 mal aluminum sulfate (A2033S03) admixed
with eighteen parts of water. This gives ex-
cellent results when proper proportions are
maintained as above described, these being
substantially the proportions in which the
55 several chemical re-actions take place.
The silicate compound above described
consists of dry gelatinous silica ninety-one
parts, and potassium sulfates eighty-seven
parts. When this compound is ground sepa-
o rately from the gypsum, the mixture of gelati-
nous silica and potassium sulfate should be
twenty to twenty-five parts to one thousand
and fifty parts of gypsum and alumina.
These proportions are based upon the bal-
f55 anced affinities of the several elements foreach other and can not be departed from to
any great extent without injury to the prod-
uct.
By the calcination of the gypsum rock in
contact with the tribasic aluminum sulfate, 70
I greatly reduce the cost of both calcination
and grinding, thus dispensing with unneces-
sary labor and cutting down the cost of fuel.
Not only this, but the quality of the burned
gypsum is greatly improved, while the tri- 75
basic aluminum sulfate is itself p erfectly
calcined. This is a result most difficult to
accomplish by itself, for the reason that
when heated, the tribasic aluminum-sulfate
runs together in a mass which renders its cal- 80
cination unequal, thus necessitating the
waste of much fuel and requiring much time
and patience to effect a thorough calcination.
Much time is also gained and the effective-
ness of material greatly increased, -by the 85
withdrawal of the heated bisilicate and
plunging the latter suddenly into the water.
I find that by this step the solution of the bi-
silicate is quickened to such an extent that
it is as complete within a few minutes as 90
would otherwise be the case in as many hours.
The perfect decomposition attained by
treatment of the bisilicate with acid, result-
ing in the formation of gelatinous silica and
potassium sulfate, produces a material which 95
may be ground with as much ease as the
gypsum itself. Moreover, this brings the
ingredients into exactly the condition re-
quired for combination with the gypsum in
the ultimate product. 100
By the method of treatment above de-
scribed, I find that there is another advan-
tage, to wit, I can subject the compound to a
comparatively high degree of heat and there-
by secure a more complete combination be- 105
tween the silica and the alkali, and effect a
more thorough decomposition than is possi-
ble by grinding together the two compounds.
By withdrawing the mass while in a vis-
cous condition an opportunity is afforded to 110
re-charge the furnace and allow the calcina-
tion to proceed continuously. When potash
alum is used to decompose the silicate, one
hundred and fifty-eight pounds are allowed
for every fifty-six pounds of caustic potash 115
used. If normal aluminum sulfate
(A12033SO3+18H20)
be used for the purpose, one hundred and
eleven pounds for every fifty-six pounds of 120
potash will be required to effect the same
approximate result.
Having thus described my invention, I
claim as new and desire to secure by Letters
Patent: 125
1. The cement herein described, contain-
ing calcined gypsum, sub-sulfate of alumina,
dry gelatinous silica, and potassium sulfate.
2. The cement herein described, contain-
ing the following substances in the propor- 130
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Jones, Thomas. Cement., patent, March 23, 1909; [Washington D.C.]. (https://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth512006/m1/2/: accessed May 14, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, The Portal to Texas History, https://texashistory.unt.edu; crediting UNT Libraries Government Documents Department.