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10
SPANISH CLAIMS.
[1687.
in Texas -rested the claims of France to all lands be-
tween Mexico and Louisiana.*
Spanish Claims.-Spain declared herself the lawful
owner of Texas for the following reasons: (1) The dis-
covery of America by Columbus. (2) The conquest of
Mexico (of which country Texas was considered a part)
by the Spanish under Cortez. (3) The explorations of
various Spanish discoverers, among whom were Narvaez
(nar va' 6th),. Coronado (kor o na' do), De Soto, who, in
1542, passed near where Texarkana now stands, and
Espejo (6s pa' ho), who made halts at El Paso and Santa
Fe. She also asserted herself mistress of the entire Gulf
of Mexico. The Spanish king, Philip II., forbade, on pain
of death, any one save his own subjects sailing on the
Gulf. It was in obedience to this order that one of La
Salle's ships had been captured.
Indians.-Being aborigines of the country, the red
men certainly had just claim to possession; but, as has
ever been the case in the sad history of these unhappy and
unfortunate people, instead of uniting in one grand force
* The governments of Europe established the following rules in regard to their
American discoveries:
"(1) When any European nation takes possession of any extent of sea-coast,
that possession is understood as extending into the interior country to the sources
of the rivers emptying within that coast, to all their branches and the country
they cover, and to give it a right in exclusion of all other countries to the same.
"(2) Whenever one European nation makes discoveries and takes possession of
any portion of this continent, and another afterwards does the same at some dis-
tance from it, when the boundary between them is not determined by the prin-
ciple above mentioned, the middle distance becomes such.
"(3) Whenever any European nation has acquired a right to any portion of
territory on this continent, that right can never be diminished or affected by any
other power, by virtue of purchase made, by grants or conquests of the nations
within the limits thereof."
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Pennybacker, Anna J. Hardwicke. A new history of Texas for schools : also for general reading and for teachers preparing themselves for examination, book, 1895; Palestine, Tex.. (https://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth2388/m1/22/: accessed April 27, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, The Portal to Texas History, https://texashistory.unt.edu; crediting UNT Libraries Special Collections.