Improvement in Putting Up Caustic Alkalies. Page: 2 of 3
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and from which the pyroligneous-acid water
has been liberated during the process of dis-
tillation, or while the turpentine was yet in
vapor, and which product I propose to make
the distinctive subject-matter of an independ-
ent application for Letters Patent of the
United States.
To obtain this product the still should not,
as is the common practice, be charged direct-
ly with the crude turpentine, but the same,
having been previously properly liquidized in
a suitable vessel or chamber, should be fed to
the still in such quantities as will insure its
vaporization at a degree of heat not exceed-
ing, say, 2250. The turpentine vaporized at
this degree of heat avoids all danger of de-
stroying or burning out any of its valuable
properties. The still used should be so con-
nected with a separating-chamber that the
turpentine, as rapidly as vaporized, will pass
thereto, and where it will be separated from
its pyroligneous-acid water by the specific
gravity of the pyroligneous-acid water being
much heavier than the turpentine, which will
cause it to fall to the bottom of the separat-
i ng-ehamber, leaving the yet volatile turpentine
floating on top, and from which it passes to the
ordinary condensing-column, there to be con-
densed in the usual manner. The result is
that, by this simle act of separating the py-
roligneous- acid water from the turpentine
while the water is yet in vapor, I obtain a
product that is not the ordinary spirits of tur-
pentine of commerce, but a pure oil of turpen-
tine, thr superior to the oil of turpentine rec-
ommended by the London and Dublin phar-
macopmia for medicinal purposes, and which
results from the redistillation of the ordinary
spirits of turpentine over potash, and is rec-
ognized as the oil of terebinthiie.
After the foregoing ingredients are so mixed
as to become thoroughly incorporated together,
the composition is applied to the previously-
cemented paper or wood, and which may be
done with a brush or by submerging the ma-
terial therein. In the last composition fluid
rubber may be substituted for the black oxide
of manganese and used in the same propor-
tion, the rubber having been reduced to a
fluid without heat, but simply through the
agency of the product hereinbefore referred
to as being obtained from crude turpentine.
The paper thus prepared has a strength, solid-
ity, and toughness nearly equal to metal, and
will stand nearly an equal degree of rough
handling in transportation and use, besides
possessing the decided advantages of being
much lighter and cheaper. The paper or wood
is now ready for use as a carrier for all alkalies
and acids, and, owing to the treatmentto which
it has been subjected, is of such nature as will
resist their caustic action, no matter how great
the same may be, and securely guard against
all danger of the deliquescence of the alkali or
acid from moisture or other cause. This pre-
pared paper or wood carrier, for convenience'sake, I form into a box or package; but it may
be used simply as a close wrapper for the
alkali. When I use a box it may be of any
style, what is known to the trade as the "nov-
elty box" being most admirably adapted for the
purposes designed. The box form for the car-
rier, when constructed out cf paper or wood
prepared as hereinbefore stated, besides being
the most convenient form for transportation,
possesses the advantages of permitting me to do
away with molds now used to form the alkali
into suitable blocks before being incased or
inclosed in the carrier, and which saves one
step, and a most important one, in the process
of packing the alkali. The invariable prac-
tice now is to pour the alkali hot, sometimes
"red hot," into iron molds, and which, owing
to its excessively caustic nature in this stale,
soon causes it to destroy the mold; and be-
sides, when the loose caps are placed on the
mold, the alkali in this state will ooze through,
so as to leave the caps, as it were, hermeti-
cally sealed when the alkali cools and is in
condition to be removed. To free these caps
is both troublesome and laborious. With my
box all this expense, labor, and difficulty I
propose to avoid simply by breaking the cold
alkali into small particles and filling the box
with the same, and then filling in the inter-
stices between the particles with liquid alkali
melted at a low heat, and which, when cold,
solidifies the entire contents into one common
mass or block, and one which, as has before
been stated, can readily, at pleasure, be re-
moved, as there is something in the nature of
the compositions used which serves to repel,
rather than attract, the alkali to the surface of
either the paper or wooden carrier, and which
is not the case when the alkali is packed in a
metallic box or case, as all who are familiar
with the use of the alkali when inclosed in
such carrier well know that to remove the
same the box has almost invariably to be
placed in hot water, so as to soften the alka-
lies.
I am well aware that iron and other metals,
paper coated with bees-wax and resin, or
melted tar and resin, or other carriers coated
with resinous, tarry, and asphaltic wash, have
been used for the purpose of securing caustic
alkalies, acids, salts, and similar articles which
are corrosive or deliquescent in their nature, in
convenient packages for safe transportation
and domestic use, all of which materials and
processes I desire distinctly to disclaim.
What I claim as new, and desire to secure
by Letters Patent of the United States, is-
The herein-described process of preparing
paper and wood as a carrier for caustic alka-
lies, soda, and salts, which process consists of
first coating the material with a composition
or cement formed of white lead ground in oil,
pulverized sulphur, and black oxide of man-
ganese, and further coating the same with a
composition consisting of asphaltum, paraffine,
black oxide of manganese, and soapstone;
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Lee, Archibald K.; Middleton, George W. & Smith, Joseph C. Improvement in Putting Up Caustic Alkalies., patent, December 22, 1874; [Washington D.C.]. (https://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth167024/m1/2/: accessed May 25, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, The Portal to Texas History, https://texashistory.unt.edu; crediting UNT Libraries Government Documents Department.