Notes on the Newer Remedies: Their Therapeutic Applications and Modes of Administration, Second Edition Page: 41
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ARB UTIN.
is the hydrochlorate, the chemical composition of which
is CIs8I,19NO2,HC1.
Physical Properties.-Apocodeine hydrochlorate occurs
as an amorphous powder.
Physiological Action.-This drug is pre-eminently a
somnifacient. The sleep produced by it is not preceded
by excitement, but is not as profound as that caused by
morphine. Like codeine, apocodeine is able to produce
an increase of the reflexes; and sometimes convulsions
and tetanic spasms which may mask its cerebral action.
In therapeutic doses, however, it is a nervine, acting
primarily upon the brain, and modifying sensibility and
the conductivity of the nerves. The drug is rapidly
eliminated, and the return to consciousness is effected
without untoward effects.
Therapeutic Applications.-Apocodeine is at present
employed for its alleged expectorant properties. It is
claimed to be of special value in chronic bronchitis.
Administration.-The dose of this salt is 3 to 4 grains
(0.2 to 0.25 gramme), and it is best administered in pill
form. The remedy may also be given subcutaneously
in solutions of the strength of 2 per cent.
ARBUTIN.
The glucoside of the common bearberry (Arctostaph-
ylos uva-ursz), its chemical formula being (C12H160)2.-
H20.
Physical Properties.-Arbutin appears in long, color-
less, brilliant needles having a melting-point of 3380 F.
(170o C.).
Solubility.-Arbutin is soluble in cold water in the
proportion of I part to 8; in alcohol in I to 16 parts.
Therapeutic Applications.-This glucoside is em-
ployed in diseases of the urinary tract as one of the most
valuable of antiseptics, its effects being due to the hydro-
chinone which is set free in the organism.
Administration.-The dose of arbutin is 75 grains (5
grammes) per day, in divided amounts.41
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Cerna, David. Notes on the Newer Remedies: Their Therapeutic Applications and Modes of Administration, Second Edition, book, 1894; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. (https://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth143542/m1/40/: accessed April 25, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, The Portal to Texas History, https://texashistory.unt.edu; crediting University of Texas Health Science Center Libraries.