The Southwestern Historical Quarterly, Volume 22, July 1918 - April, 1919 Page: 251
521 p. : ill. (some col.), ports. ; 23 cm.View a full description of this periodical.
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The First Europeans in Texas, 1528-1536
up the Rio Grande, from Southern Chihuahua to the pueblo region
of New Mexico in December, 1582, and January, 1583, found the
Jumano Indians living on both sides of the Rio Grande, in the
vicinity of the junction with the Conchas. Concerning the
Jumanos he says:
This nation appeared to be very numerous, and had large per-
manent pueblos. In it we saw five pueblos with more than ten
thousand Indians, and flat roofed houses, well arranged into
pueblos. They have maize, gourds, beans, game of foot and wing,
and fish of many kinds from two rivers that carry much water,
one of them which must be about half the size of Guadalquivir
flows directly from the north, and empties into the Conchas river.
The Conchas, which must be about the size of Guadalquivir, flows
into the north sea. Great numbers of them went with us and
showed us a river from the north, as has been mentioned above.
On the banks of this river Indians of this nation are settled for
a distance of twelve days journey. Some of them have flat-roofed
houses, and others live in grass huts . . . Some gave us
buffalo hides, very well tanned. . . . These Indians
appear to have some knowledge of our Holy Catholic faith, be-
cause they point to God Our Lord, looking up into the heavens
. and say it is He whom they recognize as their Lord who
gives them what they have. Many of them, men, women and
children, came to have the religious and us Spaniards bless them,
which made them appear very happy. They told us, and gave
us to understand through interpreters, that three christians and
a negro had passed through there, and by the indications they
gave, they appeared to have been Alonso Nufiez Cabeza de Vaca,
Dorantes, Castillo Maldonado, and a negro, who had all escaped
from the fleet with which Panfilo Narvaez entered Florida.l54
4. Vicente Saldivar, one of Ofiate's Captains, while on the
buffalo plains of the Texas Panhandle in 1599, remarked that
"We all understood this to be . . . the route followed by
Dorantes, Cabeza de Vaca and the negro, who came thence to this
land, and to the Rancherias and mountains of the Potarabueyes."
"Potarabueyes" was a Spanish name for "Jnmanos."55
5. The only ancient inhabitants of western Texas, New Mex-
ico, or northeastern Mexico who are known to have grown crops
5Bolton, Narrative of Espejo, in Spanish Explorations in the Southwest,
1542-1706, 172-176.
'5Bolton, The Onate Expedition, in Spanish Explorations in the South-
west, 224-225.251
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Texas State Historical Association. The Southwestern Historical Quarterly, Volume 22, July 1918 - April, 1919, periodical, 1919; Austin, Texas. (https://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth117156/m1/265/: accessed April 28, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, The Portal to Texas History, https://texashistory.unt.edu; crediting Texas State Historical Association.