The Southwestern Historical Quarterly, Volume 95, July 1991 - April, 1992 Page: 179
598 p. : ill. (some col.), maps, ports. ; 23 cm.View a full description of this periodical.
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Kadohadacho Indzans
During the eighteenth century the Caddo welcomed the Europeans
and experienced good relations, in particular, with the French and the
Spanish. France claimed the Kadohadacho and the Natchitoches as
subjects, while Spain claimed the Hasinai. These claims were affirmed
through formal ceremonies, in which each tribe accepted the proprie-
torship of the various European monarchs. In return, the French and
Spanish provided their Caddo subjects with official annual presents, as
well as gifts and tokens whenever they would meet. This largesse on the
part of the Europeans was fully expected and demanded by the Caddo
as a condition for their allegiance.7
The mercantile French undermined the Spanish claim to the Hasinai
by engaging in an unofficial trade with the tribe, who then bartered
these goods with other Indians in Texas. The Indians provided the
French with furs in exchange for European utensils, guns, lead, and
powder. The French also used their ties with the Kadohadacho and the
Yatasi to extend their trade up the Red River to the Caddoan-speaking
Wichitas and the Shoshonean Comanches, who were intermittently at
war with the Spanish of Texas. The intimate ties with the French en-
hanced the Caddo's already influential position in the area."
Soon after Spain's acquisition of Louisiana in 1763, the Kadohadacho
and the Natchitoches-in a formal ceremony held at the town of
Natchitoches-recognized the Spanish king as their new "father."
Later, the Kadohadacho were particularly important in helping the
Spanish make peace with the Wichitas and the Comanches. An epi-
demic spread across the region in 1778-1779, and the Caddo lost
7No (omplete history of the Caddo Iribe has been published The one study that includes
much of the Caddo history until 1795 is the excellent work by Elizabeth A H. John, Storns
Brewed in Other Men' W lds. The Con(rointation of Indnru, Spanch, and French in the Southwest,
1540-r795 (Lincoln University of Nebraska Press, g198). A very incomplete study is Willham B
Glover, "A History of the Caddo Indians," Lountana lltortual Qunately, XVIII (Oct., 1935),
872-946 An attempt to fill the absence is F 'Ibdd Smith, "On the Convergence of Empne.
The Caddo Indian Confedelacies, 1542-1835" (Plh.1) diss , Tulane University, 1989) For ex-
amples of these othcial ceremonies see Paul ] Folk (trans ), "Captain D Don 1)omingo Ramon's
Diary of His Expedition Into 'Icxas in 1716," Prelimlniriry Studies of the Texas Catholc listorncal
So(iety, II (Ap 1933), 21, [Bnaid de la Harpel, "Account of the Journey of Bcnard de la
Harpe. l)isovery Made by Him of Several Nations Situated in the West," ti ans and ed. Ralph A.
Smith, Southwestern irtowcal Quadtely, LXII (Oct , 1958), 246-252 (cited hereafter as SIIQ);
and Peter P Foilrestal (trans ), "Juan Antonio de la Pefia's Diuy of the Aguayo Expedition,"
Prelihmatary Studies of the Texas Catholu Ilito al Socety, II (Jan., 1935), 40-45. FoR an example
of the importal e of pl esents in another al ea see Wilbul R Jacobs, Diplomacy and Indian Giftl
Anglo-Frenuh R valy along the Ohio and Northwiest Mourtzret, 1748-1763 (Palo Alto. Stanford Uni-
ven sity Press, 195o)
"Documents discussing the Caddo trade situation include the Report of T'homas Phellpe de
Wlnthuysen, Aug 19, 1744, Bexar Archives Mi( ohlm, roll 8 (Barkei Texas History Center,
University of 'eIxas, Austin. cited heieaftei as BAM), Investigation of Joachin de Orobio
Bazterra, Jan 12, 1746 (BAM, roll 8), Proceedings of the Junta de Guerra y Hacienda relative
to the French Intrusion in Spanish dominions, Feb i7, 1754 (BAM, roll 9), Deposition of Don
Pedro Sierra, Jan. 27, 1761 (BAM, roll 9).179
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Texas State Historical Association. The Southwestern Historical Quarterly, Volume 95, July 1991 - April, 1992, periodical, 1992; Austin, Texas. (https://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth117153/m1/225/: accessed May 1, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, The Portal to Texas History, https://texashistory.unt.edu; crediting Texas State Historical Association.