Texas Almanac, 1970-1971 Page: 20
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20 TEXAS ALMANAC-1970-1971
son in Mason. Private forts sprang up as settlements *
sought refuge from threatened Indian attacks. National Parks, Forests
Fort Leaton was fashioned along the Rio Grande
near Presidio. Ben Leaton completed his walled for-
tress and invited a neighboring tribe of Indians to his U.S. property in Texas includes four national for-
housewarming. The Indians came and dined. And when ests, which are discussed under Forest Resources, and
they left, they took Leaton's horses with them. Later a number of recreational and historic areas. The latter
Leaton invited the tribe to a housewarming. Again they Alibates Flint Quarries, a 3-mile area on the Can
accepted. And Leaton was ready. As the Indians Alibates Flint Quarries, a 3-mile area on the Cana-
marched inside the fortress, Leaton was ready. As the Indians dian River north of Amarillo, where Indians for centu-
marched inside the fortress, Leaton locked the gate ries mined flint for tools and weapons.
and opened fire with a hidden cannon. The Indians paid Big Bend National Park, created in 1943 when Texas
a heavy price for a corral of stolen horses. Big Bend National Park, created in 1943 when Texas
Forta h eavy price for a corral of stolen horsested from deeded 788,682 acres of mountainous, scenic land in
Fort Parker, near Mexia, was erected from pine Brewster County to the U.S. Despite its remoteness,
tree logs. From this outpost Cynthia Ann Parker was this is an increasingly to the U.S. Despite its remoteness,
kidnaped by raiding Comanches. She became a chief's this is an increasingly popular tourist area.
wife. And her son led the Indians' last fight against Fort Davis National Historic Site, designated in
Texans. 1961. This fort in Jeff Davis County was established in
As the tribes dwindled, Texas turned its attention to 1854 and is of much historic interest.
gaining freedom from Mexican rule. The first shot was Guadalupe Mountains National Park, 77,000 acres in
gaining freedom from Mexican rule. The first shot was Culberson and Hudspeth Counties, containing Texas'
fired at Gonzales. War had arrived. It was the autumn highest mountains and beautiful McKittrick Canyon;
wasf 1835.declared at Washington-on-the-Braztion of Independence nder development in 1969, it is not yet open forvisi-
At the Old Stone Fort in Nacogdoches, frontiersmen Padre Island Seashore Area, designated in 1963, on
Sam Houston, Jim Bowie and Davy Crockett were ad- Padre Island Seashore Area, designated in 1963, on
ministered the oath of allegiance to Texas. Within these the northern end of the 113-mile island; this 80-mile
red stone walls, Bowie received a letter from William area is under development but open to visitors at
B. Travis who wrote: "God knows what we are to do. I entrance adjoining Corpus Christi.
am determined for one to go with my countrymen.
'Right or wrong, sink or swim, live or die, survive or STATE PARK VISITORS
perish, I am with them." A few months later Bowie
and Travis were to meet and die in a little chapel Visitors at state parks increased by 5 million in
known as the Alamo. the 5-year period between 1961-62 and 1966-67, then
The Alamo has become a shrine. It snuggles in a rose another 350,000 in the year ended Aug. 31, 1968.
clump of trees in downtown San Antonio, standing as a This table shows visitors for last three fiscal years.
weathered monument to the 187 men who died rather
than run. One half of the famed Texas battle cry was Parks- 1 1965-66 1 1966-67 I 1967-68
born here: "Remember the Alamo!" Abilene....I 178,218 199,845 283,150
The other half, "Remember Goliad!" was born 136 Atlanta .............. I 30,737 845.76 283,150
miles away on the banks of the San Antonio River. On Balmorhea ... I 30,737 5,762 54,341
Palm Sunday of 1836 Col. James Fannin and 342 Texan Bastrop ..... ...... 285,948 468,752
troops were massacred at Presidio La Bahia. The Bentsen-Rio Grande... 110,325 111,7841 118,867
presidio has now been restored and designated a Big Spring ..........I 92,437 141 466 99,231
national historic landmark. Blanco............. 106,581 254,801 202,957
The struggle for independence ended in 18 minutes Bonham ..... ....... 137,449 303,083 242,077
on a spring day when Sam Houston led the final charge Buescher .. . I 52,592 111,049 175,582
at San Jacinto. The world's tallest spire, the San Jacin- *Caddo Lake......... 60,212 137,72 45,233
to Monument, now guards the battlefield. Cleburne ..........I 142,727 134.673 170,724
Civil War came briefly to Texas. But the ante-bel- 'Daingerfield ........ 60,654 149,714 270,839
lum plantation homes with broad white columns and a Davis Mountains.....rthplace 151,310 129,655 218,927
touch of elegance are still sprinkled throughout East Eisenhower St. Park.. 164,7001 206,91 34787
Texas. Falcon ......... 116,047 194,046 238,416
Missouri, overrun by bandits, guerrillas and sol- Fannin ............... 116. 14,421 238,416
diers, moved its capital south to Marshall. And 15 miles Fort Griffin............ 14,421 234,561 43,065
away lay Jefferson, a riverport city and breadbasket of Fort McKavett........ t 1 288
the Western Confederacy. Fort Parker...........I 197,9051 269,252 341,246
Stern-wheelers churned up Big Cypress Bayou car- Garner ................ 744,8851 594,2001 244,758
rying supplies to Southern troops. Then the war ended. *Goliad ............ 28,409 26,7411 165.304
A railroad financier named Jay Gould offered to bring Goose Island.........i 142,5211 612,746 319,648
his Iron Horse to Jefferson. City fathers said no. Gould Gov. Hogg Shrine......I 76,31264 107,8972,359 724,858
wrote on the register of the Excelsior House, "The end Huntsville .......... 356,78 689,359 724,8589,464
of Jefferson!" He was Inks Hake ...........l 356,786 645,4271 459,464
of Jefferson!" He was partially right. Population Jim Hogg.......... I 15,379 20,893 55,686
dwindled. Industry went elsewhere. 'Kerrville ..........I 214,755 263,730 333,408
Each year during the Jefferson Pilgrimage this Lake Brownwood.... 79,33 171,347 260,972
quaint community rolls back the years. Old plantation Lake Corpus Christi... 566,037 528,366 713,289
homes are opened to the public and Gould's curse can Lake Whitney ........I 223,102 348,539 460,207
be seen under glass at the Excelsior House-a hotel Lockhart ...... .......I 70,720 170,61 168,578
whose doors have never been closed. Longhorn Cavern ......1 43,826 123 156,488
History is still being written in Texas. Lyndon B. Johnson.... t 10,07 35,488
In Denison is the birthplace of President Dwight D. Mackenzie ..........I.. 1,955,500 1,546,43 766,996
Eisenhower. Martin Dies Jr....... 1,099,586 1,135,4601 1,231,732
In the Central Texas hills President Lyndon Johnson Mission Teas.. I 20,07362 143,0301 195,913
was born. Thousands of travelers flock annually to Monahans Sandhills.... 113,710 12371 5683,752
Johnson's boyhood home at Johnson City. The white Monument Hill .......I 92,531 106,064 180,051
frame building houses many of the Johnson family me- Mother Neff ........ 70,2791 125,378 86,629
mentos. Old Fort Parker......I 42,2521 69,771 132,284
Ranch Road 1, branching off Highway 290 at the gin- 'Palmetto .... ...1 3 0 54,27 102,049
gerbread post office at Hye, rambles beside grazing Palo Duro Canyon.... 296,686 362,824 188,846
deer, buffalo and longhorn cattle to the LBJ Ranch. Port Isabel .......... 22,533 22,3871 14,792
Houston is home of NASA's Manned Spacecraft Cen- Possum Kingdom...... 45,161 96,0041 100,008
ter. From here engineers sit at controls and monitor San Jacinto.......... 422,804 551,0681 858,464
the launch, orbital flight and earth landing of space ve- Stephen F.se Mission...... 108,638 126,043 141,482
hicles. From here a voice checks off the final count- Tyler F. Au.........1 224,55,74 30066,662531 257,983167
down. The center is open on Sundays to afford visitors Varner-Hogg ... ...1 41,4121 53,1471 35,059
a glimpse of the astronaut's world. Washington ..... I 72212 197,316 217,601
So, perhaps, Texas' contributions to history are TOTAL......... 10,912,3601 12,441,2021 12,794,343
really just beginning. And, for many seeking scenery,
recreation and historic lore, tomorrow will still bring *Park under construction.
the thrill of discovery of the "world of difference." tNo report.
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Texas Almanac, 1970-1971, book, 1970~; (https://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth113810/m1/23/: accessed May 7, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, The Portal to Texas History, https://texashistory.unt.edu; crediting Texas State Historical Association.