Texas Almanac, 1968-1969 Page: 62
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62 TEXAS ALMANAC-1968-1969
_ X
San Jacinto Monument, on the
where Texas won its independenc
Battleship Texas, which participat
World Wars, are shown here.
Houston's Second Term
In September 1841, Sam Ho
elected to another term as pres
suming office on Dec. 13. One of h
tions was to restore a more frien
toward Indians.
In March, 1842, a Mexican exp
force suddenly appeared and seize
tonlo, Victoria, Goliad, Refuglo
other places. Before repelling fo
be assembled the Mexican arm
across the Rio Grande.
In September the Mexicans str
with 1,500 soldiers under Gen. Ad
capturing San Antonio. They ret
ward the Rio Grande a few days l
tachment of Well's army was defe
small company of Texans. Howev
pany of 55 from La Grange under
of Capt. Nicholas Mosby Dawson,
deavoring to join the Texas force
Antonio, was surrounded and 33
including Captain Dawson. Most
maining men who surrendered w
slain or died in captivity in Mexico.
Mier Expedition
There was wide public sentime
expedition against Mexico. A force
to the Rio Grande under command
Alexander Somervell, but turned b
government orders. However, an
ent expedition of about 300 was
under Col. W. S. Fisher. Crossin
Grande it attacked Mier, a strat
with a strong garrison. After a blo
the Texans were defeated and captu
They were started as prison
Mexico City. At Salado they esca
recaptured and every tenth man
as the result of the famous drawl
black beans. Capt. Ewen Cameron
executed for having headed the
liberty. The others were marched
City and imprisoned in the Castle
Thirty-five were eventually released
Site of New Capital Select
Austin on the Colorado was s
the site of the future capital of Te
Capital Commission in 1839. Its sel
confirmed by Congress in 1840, ncity in honor of Stephen F. Austin. The gov-
ernment was moved here from Houston.
When the Mexicans invaded Texas in 1842,
President Houston ordered the seat of gov-
ernment moved back to Houston. This caused
the comic-opera Archive War. Fearing that
Houston would be partial to the city that bore
- his name, citizens of Austin seized state pa-
S pers and held them. In December, 1842,
Houston sent a small company to seize the
archives, but this force was driven from the
city after partially loading their wagons,
pursued and forced to return.
A few shots were fired during the encount-
- er. Houston had ordered the archives sent to
Washington-on-the-Brazes and the seat of gov-
- ernment was maintained there briefly, but
- returned to Austin under President Anson
- Jones in 1844.
- Regulators and Moderators
S A serious disturbance broke out in East
Texas in 1842 over charges of land fraud.
Shelby County, which then included a large
portion of East Texas, became two armed
4 camps known as the "Regulators" and the
> "Moderators." In about two years some
S50 men were slain and courts ceased to func-
tion. President Houston quieted the disturb-
ance in 1844, but bitterness and ill effects
lasted for many years.
Another military project during the sec-
ond Houston administration was the Snively
expedition in the early part of 1843. They
battlefield marched into New Mexico to seize a Mexi-
e, and the can wagon train on the Santa Fe trail. The
ed in two Texans were successful but were captured
In turn a few days later by a United States
detachment which charged that they were
within the bounds of the United States.
uston was Anson Jones, Last President
ident, as- Anson Jones was elected the last presi-
is first ac- dent of the Republic, Sept. 2, 1844, winning
dly policy over Gen. Edward Burleson. Jones had op-
posed annexation, but most of his admin-
editionary istration was devoted to the annexation
d San An- agreement and winding up the affairs of the
and some Republic of Texas.
rces could Most Texans believed the future develop-
y retired ment of the country would be greater under
United States sovereignty. Furthermore,
uck again Texas' financial difficulties had increased.
rian Woll, The Republic began its existence with a pub-
reated to- lic debt of more than $1,000,000 which grew
ater. A de- to nearly $8,000,000 in 10 years. Lamar's mill-
ated by a tary policy greatly increased the public debt.
er, a com- Texas paper money depreciated quickly and
command the money of the United States was more
while en- acceptable.
es at San Though Texas had obtained recognition by
were slain, a number of leading world powers, no treaty
of the re- with Mexico was ever signed. An armistice
ere either was signed in 1844, but this was annulled by
Mexico in 1845 when annexation was effected.
ent for an Decline of the Indian
e marched Indian problems plagued the Republic of
d of Gen. Texas much of the time as they continued to
ack under do during the early years of statehood. A
independ- brief summary of the major events asso-
organized dated with Indians after the flood of set-
g the Rio tlers following the Battle of San Jacinto is
egic point given here.
ody battle Cherokee War
red. About 1819, Cherokees began to move into
rs toward East Texas from Oklahoma and areas to the
ped, were east, where their original home had been in
executed the Southern Appalachians. By 1822, their
ing of the Chief Fields was in Mexico to obtain title to
was also land in East Texas on which they had set-
break for tled.
to Mexico The Cherokees were given squatters'
of Perote. rights by Mexican authorities, but continued
d" to seek a written treaty. During the Texas
ed Revolution, the Cherokees reached an agree-
elected as meant with the temporary Texas government.
xas by the By an 1835 agreement Cherokees were to
ection was receive the land north of the Old San Antonio
aming the Road and lying generally in the basins of the
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Texas Almanac, 1968-1969, book, 1967; Dallas, Texas. (https://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth113809/m1/64/: accessed May 5, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, The Portal to Texas History, https://texashistory.unt.edu; crediting Texas State Historical Association.