Texas Almanac, 1964-1965 Page: 77
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LANDMARKS OF TEXAS 77
monument and abandoned school stand near
the site. Grave of Philip Nolan claimed by
many to be located near Nolan River on State
Highway 353 between Blum and Rio Vista;
exact location not known, but a monument
erected in what is supposed to be the general
vicinity of his death. Site of old Towash, pio-
neer trading center and important Indian
community prior to white settlement, inun-
dated by Lake Whitney. Five miles southeast
of Itasca is home built in 1845 by John Stub-
blefield. At Brandon is old Steamboat Plan-
tation house, built by B. W. Grimes.
HOCKLEY: Near Levelland is marked site
of Casas Amarillas (Yellow Houses), most
famous landmark of the South Plains. Trading
post for Buffalo campers, freighters and cat-
tlemen. Acquired by the XIT Syndicate in
1882, and by Maj. George W. Littlefield in
1901.
HOOD: Near Acton is site of home of Eliza-
beth Crockett, wife of David Crockett, Alamo
hero. She died here March 2, 1860, and was
buried six miles west of Cresson on U.S.
Highway 377, in the Masonic Cemetery.
Gravesite designated as state park, just off
U.S. Highway 377. Site of Fort Spunky is in
eastern part of county; established as private
outpost against Indians. At Thorp Spring, J.
A. Clark and his sons, Addison and Randolph,
founded Add-Ran Christian College, 1873; re-
moved to Waco, 1895; established at Fort
Worth as Texas Christian University, 1909.
Near Granbury is site of log cabin home of
W. G. Terrell. At Acton is old Masonic Hall.
Randall home, replaced by his daughter with
new home, was originally built in 1846, pur-
chased by Randall in 187L Gen. Granbury,
whose monument stands on courthouse
square, buried in Granbury Cemetery. Old
Hood County jail, built in 1885, still in use.
Opera House, built in 1886, stands but used as
storage.
HOUSTON: David Crockett Memorial
Building is community center at Crockett.
Near Crockett is Stage Coach Inn, built as a
home by Joseph D. Rice Sr., in 1828. Stage
coach station in 1838. Ten miles southwest of
Crockett is site of the old town of Alabama
on the Trinity River, important shipping point
before Civil War. The first institution of high-
er education in Houston County, Trinity Col-
lege, established here and chartered by the
Congress of the Republic of Texas, 1841. Near
Creek, old Block House, established 1836;
abandoned about 1844. Site marked 1936. Ear-
liest East Texas mission, San Francisco de
los Tejas, established near Weches, 1690,
burned and abandoned in 1693. Re-established
as Nuestro Padre San Francisco de los Tejas
in 1716-1719. In 1721 re-established and re-
named San Francisco de los Neches six miles
west of Alto in Cherokee County. Moved in
1730 to vicinity of present Zilker Park, Austin.
In 1731 moved to final location on San Antonio
River and renamed San Francisco de la Es-
pada. The original site about 21 miles north-
east of Crockett designated Mission San Fran-
cisco de los Tejas State Park by act of Fifty-
fifth Legislature. Near Neches River approxi-
mate site of Mission Santisimo Nombre de
Maria, second mission established in East
Texas, 1690. San Francisco de Valero, Indian
pueblo, organized Oct. 14, 1718, around San
Francisco de los Tejas Mission. Abandoned
1719, re-established 1721 by Marquis de Agua-
yo. In vicinity of Crockett is site of Park Hill
-the old Collins house, built about 1850. Cole-
man-Crook house, built in 1854. A. T. Monroe
home was built about 1850. Ten miles east of
Grapeland is site of log cabin where seven
white women and children killed by Indians in
1833; known as Madden Massacre.
HOWARD: Eleven miles northeast of Big
Spring is site of Indian camp and watering
place, Moss Spring; Marcey Trail passed
spring, guarded by sentry post, Signal Moun-
tain. Site of spring for which Big Springnamed is in Big Spring Municipal Park; his-
torical marker on Highway 87 points out site.
HUDSPETH: One mile east of Salt Flats
on U.S. Highway 62 is marker commemorat-
ing Salt War, 1877, caused by conflicting
claims to the salt in these shallow lakes and
flats. Ruins of Fort Hancock are 53 miles
southeast of El Paso, established in 1883. It
was first called Fort Rice. Fort Quitman, on
the Rio Grande, 80 miles below El Paso, es-
tablished in 1849 for protection of the San
Antonio-El Paso Road, abandoned 1861, gar-
risoned by Confederates during Civil War, re-
occupied in 1868 and permanently abandoned
in 1877. Near Hot Wells is site of Eagle
Springs Stage Stand, 1854-1882, station on
Overland-Chihuahua Trail. Site marked 1936.
HUNT: An Indian family of the Caddoan
group, the Tawakoni, gave its name to 936,200-
acre Lake Tawakoni in Hunt, Rains and Van
Zandt Counties.
HUTCHINSON: Thirty miles north of Bor-
ger off Highway 117 is site of Battle of Adobe
Walls, fought in 1864 by Col. Christopher (Kit)
Carson, commanding U.S. troops, against a
band of Kiowa and Comanche Indians. Car-
son's last fight. Ten years later, in 1874, band
of Kiowas, Comanche and Cheyenne Indians
under Quanah Parker again attacked the sec-
ond site of Adobe Walls, about one and one-
quarter miles from first site and were beaten
back.
IRION: Dove Creek Battlefield was site of
battle Jan. 8, 1865, between 2,000 Indians and
Texas Rangers under Capt. John Fossett and
Capt. S. S. Totten; 22 men and four officers
buried in unmarked graves nearby. Thirty-two
miles northwest of Mertzon is site of Cough-
lin's Stage Stand on Southern Overland Route
to San Francisco, 1858-1861; later known as
Camp Charlotte.
JACK: Within Jacksboro city limits is
Fort Richardson, a major frontier cavalry
post established by the United States Army
Nov. 26, 1867, and abandoned May 23, 1878. It
was at Fort Richardson that Kiowa Chieftains
Satanta and Big Tree, were incarcerated
prior to their trial in Jacksboro, July 5, 1871,
for the Warren Wagon Train Massacre at
Salt Creek Prairie on May 18, 1871. Some of
the fort buildings have been restored, includ-
ing the large fieldstone hospital which now
houses a museum and a library and: archives
room of Western and historical data. Through
Jacksboro passed the Butterfield Stage Line
between St. Louis and San Francisco, 1858-
1861. Jacksboro also home of first 4-H Club,
organized as a boys corn club in 1908 by Tom
Marks at his home, now a private dwelling.
Twelve miles east of Jacksboro is Wizard
Wells, health resort. Wizard Hotel, over 100
years old, still stands.
JACKSON: On the courthouse grounds at
Edna is a monument, giving history of the
county and honoring the early settlers. Eight
miles southeast of Edna is site of Texana,
founded in 1834 by Dr. F. F. Wells, friend of
Stephen F. Austin, was county seat Jackson
County, 1835-1883. Four miles northeast of
Edna is site of William Millican's gin where
was held "Lavaca-Navidad Meeting" July 17,
1835, forerunner of Texas Declaration of Inde-
pendence. Five miles northeast of Edna on
U.S. Highway 96 is marker at site where Mis-
sion Nuestra Senora del Espiritu Santo de
Zuniga and Presidio de Nuestra Senora de
Loreto were established in 1722. Though in
Victoria County then, site Is in present Jack-
son County. Camp Independence four miles
southwest of present Edna, was camp of
army of Texas Republic from December, 1836,
until furloughed by President Sam Houston
on May 18, 1837. Near camp, Albert Sidney
Johnson and Felix Huston fought duel on
Feb. 5, 1837, and Capt. Henry Teal was assas-
sinated May 5, 1837. The Bertha Kaape home
still stands near Edna.
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Texas Almanac, 1964-1965, book, 1963; Dallas, Texas. (https://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth113807/m1/79/?q=hardscramble: accessed April 30, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, The Portal to Texas History, https://texashistory.unt.edu; crediting Texas State Historical Association.