The Southwestern Historical Quarterly, Volume 93, July 1989 - April, 1990 Page: 2
598 p. : ill. (some col.), maps, ports. ; 23 cm.View a full description of this periodical.
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Southwestern Historical Quarterly
tion of power by the corporate interests that progressives were sup-
posed to be fighting; a nativistic reaction against immigration and an
effort to impose cultural conformity and social control over an increas-
ingly diverse population; and, finally, a phantom movement without
any unifying organization or purpose.2 At the level of Texas politics,
historians have debated whether the emphasis on cultural issues, such
as prohibition, was the essence or a perversion of the reform impulse in
the state.' The historical confusion has grown with efforts to rein-
terpret the politics of the 192os at all levels, local, state, and national.
According to a now widely held view among historians, progressivism
did not collapse in the aftermath of World War I but survived and even
flourished in various forms during the not-so-conservative decade that
followed.'
For Thomas Watt Gregory, the meaning of progressivism was far less
elusive. In a 1926 tribute to Supreme Court Justice Louis D. Brandeis,
Gregory defined a progressive as "a person who, when property rights
are arrayed against individual rights, sides with the latter." "In most of
these conflicts," Gregory continued, "vested interests grapple with the
interests of the people." He even acknowledged the radical implica-
tions of such a definition, and characterized the opponents of reform
Tarbell, Jan. 22, 1932, ibid ; Norman Hapgood to Wilson, July 6, 1916, in Arthur S. Link (cd.),
The Papers of Woodrow Watson (58 vols., Princeton, N.J. Princeton University Press, 1966-1988),
XXXVII, 373, George Creel to Wilson, Nov. 8, 1918, ibid., LI, 645-646; Paul L Murphy,
World Way I and the Origizn of Cvl Libertizes m the Unzted States (New York. W W. Norton and Co ,
1979), 52-53, 78-83, 93-96, 125-127, 190- 192, 220-226; Joan M. Jensen, The Prce of Vizg-
lance (Chicago: Rand McNally and Co., 1968), 11-12, 20, 24, 34, 40-44, 91, oo100-102, 6,
121-122, 128-129, 155, 16o-163, 166, 169-175, 177-180, 215, 217, 228-229, 238.
2For Influential interpretations of the progressive movement, consult the following Richard
Hofstadter, The Age of Reform From Bryan to F D.R (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1955), Robert
H. Wiebe, The Searchfor Order, 1877-z920 (New York. Hill and Wang, 1967), David P.' Thelen,
The New Citzzenship. Origzns of Progressivism in Wisconsin, 1885-900oo (Columbia: University of
Missouri Press, 1972), John D Buenker, Urban Liberalsm and Progressive Reform (New York:
Charles Scribner's Sons, 1973), Gabriel Kolko, The Trumph of Conservatism. A Rezntespretatzon of
American Hutory, 900oo-196 (New York" Free Press, 1963); Peter G. Filene, "An Obituary for
'The Progressive Movement,"' American Quarterly, XXII (Spring, 1970), 2o-34, Richard L
McCormick, The Party Period and Public Policy. American Politics from the Age of Jackson to the Pro-
gressive Era (New York. Oxford University Press, 1986), 263-356 Dewey W. Grantham pro-
vides a concise but informative survey of the complexity of the reform movement in the South
and the diverse historical interpretations that have emerged in his essay "The Contours of
Southern Progressivism," American Ilistorzcal Review, LXXXVI (Dec., 1981), o35-10o59.
"Lewis L. Gould, Pmogessives and Prohibitonists Texas Democrats in the Wilson Era (Austin Uni-
versity of 'Texas Press, 1973), 26-55; James A. Tlinsley, The Progressive Movement in Texas (Ph D
diss, University of Wisconsin, 1953), 231-250, 315-322.
'For revisionist views on the 1920os, consult the following Ellis Wayne Hawley, The Great War
and the Search for Modern Order A Iltstory of the American People and Their Irntitutions, 1917-1933
(New York. St. Martin's Press, 1979), Clar ke A. Chambers, Seedtme of Reform" American Social
Service and Social Action, 1918-1933 (Minneapolis. University of Minnesota Press, 1963);
Arthur S. Link, "What Happened to the Progressive Movement in the 192os?" American hlstori-
cal Review, LXIV (July, 1959), 833-851; George B 'mindall, "Business Progressivism: Southern
Politics in the 'ITwenties," South Atlantic Quarterly, LXII (Winter, 1963), 92-lo6, George Brown
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Texas State Historical Association. The Southwestern Historical Quarterly, Volume 93, July 1989 - April, 1990, periodical, 1990; Austin, Texas. (https://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth101213/m1/28/: accessed April 28, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, The Portal to Texas History, https://texashistory.unt.edu; crediting Texas State Historical Association.