The Southwestern Historical Quarterly, Volume 79, July 1975 - April, 1976 Page: 4
528 p. : ill. (some col.), maps, ports. ; 23 cm.View a full description of this periodical.
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Southwestern Historical Quarterly
sold Mexican livestock across the border and threatened hacendados with
devastation if they failed to comply with rebel demands."
Within a year the Orozco rebellion was reduced to a guerrilla movement
by General Victoriano Huerta. Huerta then moved against Madero and in
February, 1913, seized the president and elevated himself to the presidency.
Huerta's unlawful seizure of power and the subsequent assassination of
Madero precipitated a massive new rebellion against the usurpation. Venus-
tiano Carranza, governor of Coahuila, hoisted the banner of the Plan de
Guadalupe in March, 1913, and called on all loyal Mexicans to take arms
against Huerta. Men such as Francisco Villa, Alvaro Obreg6n, and Pablo
Gonzalez joined his standard. Carranza's tenuous Constitutionalist coalition
resorted to many of the same tactics that Orozco had employed the previous
year to finance an armed movement against the established government.
Mexico's cattle ranges again yielded a source of money and arms for con-
tending factions.12
Carranza's force failed to discriminate between cattle owned by huertistas
and those owned by foreign landholders. In March and April, 1913, huer-
tista General Ger6nimo Trevifio saw his hacienda in Chihuahua pillaged
of nearly 2,500 head of livestock. These, in turn, found markets in the
United States. While United States officials in Mexico attempted to ascer-
tain ownership of the stock, little could be done about its sale north of the
Rio Bravo."3
Carrancista pillaging continued through the summer of 1913. In mid-
August Constitutionalist forces at Ciudad Porfirio Diaz (present-day Piedras
Negras) avoided the United States quarantine resulting from the presence
of fever ticks on Mexican cattle by slaughtering the beef in Mexico and then
shipping the meat into the United States. Because carrancistas controlled
2lEllsworth to Knox, August 31, 1912, File 812.oo/4792, ibid.; Estado Mayor to
Secretaria de Relaciones Exteriores, August 31, 1912; Secretaria de Gobernaci6n to Sec-
retaria de Relaciones Exteriores, September 5, 1912, L.E. 825R., Archivo Hist6rico de
la Secretaria de Relaciones Exteriores, Secretaria de Relaciones Exteriores, Tlatelolco,
D.F. (The Archivo Hist6rico de la Secretaria de Relaciones Exteriores is hereafter cited
as AHRE.)
12Carranza's Constitutionalist program, pronounced shortly after the death of Madero
in February, 1913, encompassed his Plan de Guadalupe, an attempt to put Mexico back
on the track with the old Constitution of 1857. He was joined by men such as Obreg6n,
Villa, Pablo Gonzalez, and others in an alliance that aimed to oust Huerta from Mexico.
Carranza's principal objective was a restoration of constitutional government, hence the
name "Constitutionalist" for his movement. An excellent study of the Constitutionalist
movement can be found in Charles C. Cumberland, Mexican Revolution: The Constitu-
tionalist Years (Austin, 1972).
IsEllsworth to W. J. Bryan, March 24, 1913, File 812.oo/6917, RG 59. See also Mexi-
can Consul, Eagle Pass, to Relaciones Exteriores, May 6, 1913, L.E. 750R, AHRE.
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Texas State Historical Association. The Southwestern Historical Quarterly, Volume 79, July 1975 - April, 1976, periodical, 1975/1976; Austin, Texas. (https://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth101203/m1/22/: accessed April 30, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, The Portal to Texas History, https://texashistory.unt.edu; crediting Texas State Historical Association.