The Southwestern Historical Quarterly, Volume 68, July 1964 - April, 1965 Page: 408
574 p. : ill., maps, ports. ; 23 cm.View a full description of this periodical.
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Southwestern Historical Quarterly
expanded into large tool manufacturers, specializing in supplying
the oil industry. One of these, Hughes Tool Company, grew large
enough to supply much capital later for the development of the
aircraft and motion picture industries. All of the activity in the
oil industry stimulated the dredging of the deep-water ports of
the state, so that oil could move by the cheaper water rates. That
activity further stimulated the lumber industry and the tool man-
ufacturers. When one adds all of the stimulation that the increased
income from these secondary industries provided for the tertiary
industries of the state, the importance of oil to Texas comes into
its proper perspective.
The whole story of Texas manufacturing in the first and second
decades of the 90oo's is not to be told, however, in terms of the
highlights of the oil industry. As previously noted, the oil industry
itself stimulated other manufacturing industries, such as lumber-
ing and tool manufacturing. But apart from those secondary
effects, other manufacturing developments of note, not connected
with oil, were arising. Meat packing came at the turn of the
century with the development of the refrigerated car. Texas was
a natural location for meat packing by virtue of its large supply
of cattle. But in the absence of artificial ice and the refrigerated
car, slaughtering for the market had had to turn out either dried,
salted, or smoked beef products. Artificial ice was in fair abun-
dance in Texas after 188o, and the successful refrigerated rail-
road car was available by 1887. In that year, Fort Worth slaugh-
tering houses sent fifty frozen beeves to St. Louis, and by 1895
the American Refrigerated Transit Company alone was shipping
four hundred cars of frozen beef annually from Texas. While that
was still a rather small-scale level of operation, it did prove the
feasibility of larger efforts.
Large-scale operations came soon after the turn of the century,
when Armour and Swift decided to set up operations in Fort
Worth. By 1909, slaughtering and meat packing ranked first
among the state's manufacturing industries, and by 1919, ranked
second only to petroleum refining. When the considerable activity
already developed in the manufacture of cottonseed oil and cake
and flour and other grain milling was added to meat packing to
form the Bureau of the Census classification of Food and Kindred
Products, that collection of industries exceeded petroleum refining408
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Texas State Historical Association. The Southwestern Historical Quarterly, Volume 68, July 1964 - April, 1965, periodical, 1965; Austin, Texas. (https://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth101198/m1/493/: accessed April 27, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, The Portal to Texas History, https://texashistory.unt.edu; crediting Texas State Historical Association.