The Southwestern Historical Quarterly, Volume 20, July 1916 - April, 1917 Page: 17
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History of, the Cattle Industry in the Southwest
grown up. In 1870 Chicago received 533,000 cattle into her
market; St. Louis, 234,000; Cincinnati, 128,000; Kansas City,
121,000; and Indianapolis, 119,000.6 The number of cities
affected by the cattle business increases every decade, Chicago
remaining in the lead as to numbers. li 1900 Fort Worth,
Sioux City, St. Paul, Denver, and Seattle received large numbers
of cattle, while in 1910 Portland, Oregon, was the market for
90,000 cattle.6
Experts are striving to find a method to increase the capacity
of the impoverished ranges. They say that some lands given to
farmers for cotton in Texas would be more profitable as pasture
if properly handled.' Fourteen hundred stockmen were ques-
tioned by the Bureau of Animal Industry a few years ago. The
consensus of opinion was that individual pastures, by lease or
purchase, with at least six hundred and forty acre homesteads,
would be the best incentive to proper conservation of the ranges.8
Bills providing for leasing have been introduced into Congress
but nothing has come of them,0 perhaps because the demand for
such a law has not sufficiently matured.
Accompanying the destruction of the pastures by overstock-
ing and settlement, is a decrease in the number of cattle. Ac-
cording to the census report, the population of the United States
increased 11,000,000 between 1890 and 1900 and the cattle de-
creased 5,000,000.10 However, cattlemen impeach the accuracy
of the figures concerning cattle, but it is evident that the in-
crease of cattle does not keep. pace with the increase in popula-
tion.11 The sheep industry has injured the cattle industry and
the drought of 1901 caused a shortage of crops and loss of cat-
tle. Farmers of the Middle West have turned to cattle raising
more for dairy purposes than for beef. The Jersey and the
House Does., 55 Cong., 2 sess., vol. 22, no. 578.
'University of Illinois Agricultural Emperiment Station Circular No.
169, citing Chicago Drovers' Journal Yearbook, 1911.
'U. S. Department of Agriculture, Farmers' Bulletin, No. 72, p. 10.
'Senate Does., 58 Cong., 3 sess., no. 189, Folder.
'Andrews, E. B., "The American Ox and His Pasture," in Review of
Reviews, XXVII, 63.
10Hill, Wm., "Conditions in the Cattle Industry," in Journal of Politi-
cal Economy, XIII, 1.
0gden, G. W., "Why the Price of Beef is High," in World's Work,
IV, 2181.
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Texas State Historical Association. The Southwestern Historical Quarterly, Volume 20, July 1916 - April, 1917, periodical, 1917; Austin, Texas. (https://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth101070/m1/23/: accessed April 26, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, The Portal to Texas History, https://texashistory.unt.edu; crediting Texas State Historical Association.