The Quarterly of the Texas State Historical Association, Volume 15, July 1911 - April, 1912 Page: 121
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Revolt of the Pueblo Indians of New Mexico in 1680 121
pueblos were on the north bank of the lower Rio Jemez; while
sixty miles west of the Rio Grande settlements was another large
pueblo of that tribe, called Acoma. Cochiti, the most northern
of the valley pueblos, was on the west bank of the Rio Grande, and
contained in 1680 a population of three hundred natives.' Three
leagues south, though on the opposite bank of the river, was the
pueblo of Santo Domingo, containing a population of one hundred
and fifty Indians. Here was located one of the oldest and best
convents in the province. Two leagues south of Santo Domingo
was the pueblo of San Felipe,2 the population of which, including
that of the small pueblo of Santa Ana was six hundred. The
population of Sia cannot be determined, while Acoma, which con-
tained about fifteen hundred Indians, and which was the largest of
all the Keresean pueblos, was too far removed from the sphere of
activity of the valley pueblos to exert much, if any, influence upon
them. It would thus be safe to say that the total population of
the Queres taking an active part in the revolt of 1680 was ap-
proximately twelve hundred.
Concerning the Jemez pueblos, mention has already been made
of the fact that Pecos was of that nation, and the part which it
took in the affairs of 1680 and in the events leading up to them
has been noticed. The only other large Jemez pueblo was that of
San Diego de Jemez, the population of which, including that of
five smaller pueblos, was about five thousand. These Indians
according to Hodge abandoned their pueblos after the introduction
by the Spaniards of improved methods of irrigation, since in that
period their chief enemy, the Navajos, were not troublesome, and
the pueblos were not needed for defense, while smaller settlements
nearer their irrigated fields were more suitable.
(2) The Revolt at Cochiti and San Felipe.-For the events of
the revolt in the pueblo of Cochiti practically nothing is known.
'For the population and other data for these pueblos in 1680, see Vetan-
cur, Chronica de la Provincia del Santo Evcangelio de Mexico, 100-102.
'According to Bancroft (Arizona and New Mexico, 172), San Felipe was
apparently on the east bank of the river in 1680. This is also implied
in the sources at my disposal, as Otermfn makes mention of his division
having visited San Felipe on its retreat from Santa Fe, which would
have been practically impossible, on account of the high water in the
river at that time, and altogether useless, had the pueblo been on the west
bank. Hodge and others, however, locate the pueblo on the west bank.
(See Hodge, Handbook of American Indians, part 2, 432.)
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Texas State Historical Association. The Quarterly of the Texas State Historical Association, Volume 15, July 1911 - April, 1912, periodical, 1912; Austin, Texas. (https://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth101056/m1/126/: accessed April 30, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, The Portal to Texas History, https://texashistory.unt.edu; crediting Texas State Historical Association.