The Quarterly of the Texas State Historical Association, Volume 15, July 1911 - April, 1912 Page: 116
382 p. ; 23 cm.View a full description of this periodical.
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116
Texas Historical Association Quarterly
was the large and influential pueblo of Pecos. It is interesting
to note that while Pecos took a very active part with the Tewa
and other northern pueblos in the organization of the revolt, never-
theless, after the outbreak, the Pecos warriors co-operated with
those of Tanos, San Marcos, and La Cienega, all of which were
closely connected from a geographic and political standpoint,
though racially, as has just been shown, there was no close con-
nection. Of the Tanos pueblos Galisteo was the largest,' contain-
ing a population of eight hundred Indians, though Hodge2 thinks
this number included the inhabitants of San Crist6bal, which was
a visit of Galisteo. Of the other pueblos in this group, with the
exception of Pecos, San Marcos was the most important, having a
native population of six hundred. La Ci6nega and San Lazaro
were its visitas. Concerning Pecos in 1680 little can be learned,
though, according to Hodge,3 its population at that time was ap-
proximately two thousand.' Being near the Tanos pueblos, Pecos
doubtless exerted a strong influence over them, for in Coronado's
among them. From the contemporary documents bearing on the revolt
which were used in the preparation of his paper, I conclude that the
natives of San Marcos were not considered by the Tanos Indians them-
selves as members of their tribe. For instance, in the "declarasion de Po
gargia Yndio de nacion tagno Natural de las Salinas," in Auttos tocantes,
10-11, is found the following phrase: "dhos Yndios de todos los pueblos
de los tagnos pecos y Sn marcos." This would clearly imply that San
Marcos was not included among "todos los pueblos de los tagnos," even if
Pecos, which we know was a Jemez pueblo, was not mentioned.
The same confusion is true also of La Ci6nega. Modern scholars, as
Hodge and Bandelier (see Hodge, Handbook of American Indians, part
1, 299-300), differ somewhat in regard to the identity of its inhabitants,
Hodge holding that while formerly occupied by Tanos Indians La Ci6nega
apparently contained some Queres Indians, while Bandelier concludes that
the pueblo was a Tanos village. The documentary evidence, however, also
implies that La Ci6nega was not a Tanos village, and at the same time
supports the above conclusion in regard to San Marcos, as the following
phrases from the Auto of Otermfn, in Auttos tocantes, 1, will show:
"los Yndios govres. y Capitanes de los pueblos de los tagnos San Marcos!
y la cienega," and "por los governadores y capitanes de tagnos Sn. marcos
y la cienega." On the same grounds as above in regard to Pecos and San
Marcos, it seems reasonable that if either San Marcos or La Ci6nega had
been Tanos pueblos they would not have received special comment apart
from "todos los pueblos de los tagnos."
'For the population of all these pueblos in 1680, see Vetancur, Chronica
de la Provincia del Santo Evangelio de Mexico, 102-103.
2KHandbook of American Indians, part 2, 325.
'Ibid.
'According to Benavides, "Memorial," translated in Land of Sunshine,
XIII, 286, its population in 1630 was 2,000 also.
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Texas State Historical Association. The Quarterly of the Texas State Historical Association, Volume 15, July 1911 - April, 1912, periodical, 1912; Austin, Texas. (https://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth101056/m1/121/: accessed April 30, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, The Portal to Texas History, https://texashistory.unt.edu; crediting Texas State Historical Association.