The Quarterly of the Texas State Historical Association, Volume 15, July 1911 - April, 1912 Page: 110
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110 Texas Historical Association Quarterly
and still is, the country of the Tewa Indians.1 In 1680 the pop-
ulation of this nation amounted to about 2,200 people, distributed
among six pueblos and two small settlements. Three of the
pueblos, San Ildefonso, Santa Clara, and San Juan were on the
west bank of the Rio Grande. Of these the largest was that of
San Ildefonso, whose population was about eight hundred souls,2
and, strange to say, it is the only pueblo of this nation whose part
in the revolt receives no mention in the documentary sources used,
except that one of its chiefs, Francisco, is mentioned as having
been a colleague of Pop6." The other pueblos, Tesuque, Pojoaque
(Posoaque), and Namb6 (Nandv)-the population of the latter
included that of the small outlying settlements of Jacona and
Cuyamunque' (Cuya Mungue)-were all east of the river, and
north of the villa of Santa F6. With respect to its allies-the
populous Jemez pueblos to the southwest, Pecos to the southeast,
and Taos and Picuris to the north"-the Tewa nation, therefore,
occupied a most strategic position for organizing and directing
the revolutionary movements; and to its inhabitants must be given
the chief credit not only for the organization of the revolt, but
for its having been so successfully carried out, even when the dis-
covery of the plans called for immediate and premature action on
their part.
(Z) The Outbreak at Tesuque and Cuyamunque.-About two
leagues north of the villa of Santa F6 was the small pueblo of
'Teguas in the contemporary documents of that period, though written
Tewa, or Tehuas by modern scholars.
'For the population of all these pueblos, see Vetancur, Chronica de la
Provincia del Santo Evangelio de Mexico, 100-101.
n"Declarasion de Josephe Yndio Ladino-," in Autos Pertenecientes, 24.
4Vetancur, Chronica de la Provincia del Santo Evangelio de Mexico,
100.
"Vetancur gives the population of the northern pueblos in 1680 as fol-
lows: Picurfs, 3,000; Taos, 2,000; Jemez Nation, 5,000; Tewa Nation,
2,200. He does not estimate the population of Pecos, though Hodge
(Handbook of the American Indians, Part 2, 325), places it at 2,000 for
that year. The total of all these is over 14,000, and does not necessarily
conflict with the estimate made by Otermln and others that the Chris-
tian revolters of the entire province numbered 16,000, for it is hardly to
be supposed that all the Pueblo Indians were Christianized. With such
a force as these northern pueblos alone represented it is not surprising
that many of the Indians in the other nations joined in the revolt, who
would not otherwise have done so, especially when the invitation from
these pueblos was combined with the threat of destruction in case they
should refuse.
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Texas State Historical Association. The Quarterly of the Texas State Historical Association, Volume 15, July 1911 - April, 1912, periodical, 1912; Austin, Texas. (https://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth101056/m1/115/: accessed April 30, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, The Portal to Texas History, https://texashistory.unt.edu; crediting Texas State Historical Association.