The Laws of Texas, 1822-1897 Volume 1 Page: 64
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Constitutive Acts
64
Judicial Pozo er.
Individual Government of the States.
ART. 80. The government of each state shall he divided as to the ex-
ercise of its powers into a legislative, executive and judicial department;
and two or more of these powers can never he entrusted to the same per-
son or corporation, nor can the legislative power he confided to a single
individual.
Abt. 81. The legislative power of each state shall he entrusted to a
(64)
Abt. 18. Every person inhabiting the territory of the Federation, has
the right to require the prompt, complete, .and impartial administration
of justice: and with this object the Federation confides the administra-
tion of justice to a supreme court of justice, and to such tribunals as
may be established in the separate states, reserving to itself the right to
determine in the constitution the powers of the supreme court.
Abt. 19. No person can be judged in the states and territories of the
Union, except by laws in force, and by tribunals established prior to the
act for which he is tried. Consequently all judgments by special com-
missions and all retroactive laws are forever prohibited.
8. To appoint the officers of the army, of the active and the armed
militia with reference to existing laws and ordinances, and the disposi-
tions of the constitution.
9. To grant discharges and licenses, and to regulate the pay of the
military officers mentioned in the preceding articles in conformity to law.
10. To appoint the diplomatic agents and consuls, with the approba-
tion of the senate, and until that body shall have been organised, with
the approbation of the actual congress.
11. To direct diplomatic negotiations, make treaties of peace, friend-
ship, alliance, federation, truce, armed neutrality, commerce and others;
but in order to grant or refuse the ratification of any such treaty, it must
obtain the previous approbation of the general congress.
13. To watch over the prompt and complete administration of justice
by the general tribunals, and that their sentences be executed according
to law.
13. To cause to be published, circulated and observed, the laws and
the general constitution; possessing the right of opposing once the pass-
age of a law, provided it be done within ten days, and to suspend its exe-
cution until the resolves of congress be known.
14. To issue decrees and orders for the better carrying into effect the
constitution and the general laws.
15. To suspend from their employments for the space of three months
or less, and to deprive of a portion of their salaries not to exceed one
half, for the same period of time, all the officers of the Federation, in-
fringing such orders or decrees, and in cases where it shall be deemed
necessary, have them tried, in which event all the proceedings must be
transferred to the competent tribunal.
Abt. 17. All the decrees and orders of the supreme executive power
ought to be signed by the secretary of that department to which they be-
long, and without this formality they are not to be obeyed. •
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Gammel, Hans Peter Mareus Neilsen. The Laws of Texas, 1822-1897 Volume 1, book, 1898; Austin, Texas. (https://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth5872/m1/72/: accessed March 28, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, The Portal to Texas History, https://texashistory.unt.edu; .