Telegraph and Texas Register (Houston, Tex.), Vol. 2, No. 32, Ed. 1, Tuesday, August 22, 1837 Page: 1 of 4
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DfiDRJTM, TUESBA'S', AUGUST 32, 837.
W E LABOR F 0 II OUR C 0 U N T R Y
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T1YAS Rfi! ft T S T "E R.
It published weekly, at the city of Houston, by Gruger & Moore,
proprietors.
nings, when it is most puru .mtl fragrrnt; of avoiding close crowded
apartments; of accustoming oui selves to a medium lempeiatuie m our
duellings; of sleeping in rooms without me, with o en dooi-. that JieMi
x From the'Maiagtrrda Bulletin. ' '
Duelling. We are pleased jto-sce by the Telegraph, that a spirit in
opposition to this abominable, accursed; system is arising in Texas we
air may at all times hav e access ; and of not lodging too in.ni poisons (sincerely hope that we may be able to prove to the hot-headed and reck-
10 Ul LfHI l3LU.lt;? Llf.lL W U 1 1H f If If llHfllfllf Mlfffl 111 LlVilUjUUUUi v.a .. .
These rales, accompanied b tciripeiaucc 111 om diet, and 111 the in-
dulgence of our passions, and by a 'stnet regaid to c'eanlmcs in our
TERMS. Subscription, five dollars a yeir, pa ..ble an advance. tfter- peisons, would greatly reduce hc amount ot human sickness aad nue-
tititigi one dollar a squate for the first insertion, and fifty cents for each con- j rv ; would multiply our cbmfoits, and ptolong life. .
timiance: seven-line, or less, is considered a square. Marriage and obituary I pule frefehair is not only essential to the health of man, but toeve-
x.um.c:?...o. -aMBuSc.a, -"-."'-"- r IT. :"""- '" r "- :rv animal under hi.Q contra L and p. en to 1 he ho? IthtuI de elonment and
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ces, will be charged at the common rates of advertising.
fi-5-Ail tdertisementsto DPpaia'jorin auvance.
' aGENTS-FOR THE TELEGRAPH: J. Brent Chare, few Orleans,
JBaily, -Gay &Hoxev, Washington. CqI Geo. V. Poe, Columbia. Bennett
& Shart, Brazoria. W. W. Shepat.o, Monteromery, Lake' creek. .Judge Usu-
niuTexana. E.Branch, Liberty Jos. Rove, San Aogstine. ,
maturity of the plants he cultivate.
ts
PRESERVATION OF HEALTH.
Health is truly classecTamong'the first blessings of life; and it re-
quires no argument to p'roye, that it, is easier to preveut diseases'than to
.cur&.tliem. These considerations have induced us to publish, in our
-j)reredingvoiunies,.seeral articles on the prevents jn of disease, from
. Roget, Combe, and other high medical authorities. The subject which
wo nov ofier for consideration, is
THE IMPORTANCE Or FRESH .UK.
According to the best authorities, man inhalers, or takes into his
Jungs, from six to ten pints of air at every respiration or breath. This
air comes in contact with the blood in the lungs, and b oth the blood and the
.air. undergoes a material change in consequence. Tlie bloodi imbibes
,-' xi portionof the oxygen from the air, assumes aflorid led hue, and ac-
J 2 quires thereby the power of supporting life, and tit s t to become a part
of thriving animal. The air receives, m return fur the oxygen, or vi-
lalair, which it gives to the blood, about an equal pc -rtion of carbonic
acid, which vitiates it, and renders it unfit for further respiration: or if
-this vitiated or impure air is again respired, the blood becomes likewise
vitiated by is contact with it, and all its functions be some more or less
disordered. Atmospheric air consists of about 79 pa rtsof nitrogen, 21
of oxygen, and nearly one of carbonic acid. A greatc 2r or less quantity
of oxygen unfits the atmosphere for animal respiration, and causes disor
ganization and disease in'the animal sjstem. When atmospheric air is
inhaled upon the lungs, it parts with eight or eight and. a half per cent, of
its oxygen, and receives in return a like quantity of ca 1 bonic acid. Thus
-atmospheric air becomes rapidly vitiated by Being br -earned, and is as
speedily xestored.to" its 'purhyljy healthy vegelatioi 1, which takes up
'the carbonic add, or decomposes it, and gives off, or 1 jets free," oxygen.
According to J)r. Bostock's estimate, an average sizi ii man consumes
uuui-w,uwcuu; muues ui oxygen, anu gives out ai iout 4U,UUU or cai-
bonic acid in 24 hours. "Taking," says Dr. Combe , "the consumption
of air at 20 cubic inches at each breathing, as a very low meHium, and
rating the number'jof respirations at 15 in a minute ?it appears that, in
the space of one minute, no less than 300 cubic inchies of air are requit-
ed for the respiration of a single person. In the same- space of time, 24
-cubic inches of oxygen disappear, and are replaced by an equal amount
of 'carbonic acfd; so that In the course of an hour, one pair of lungs will
ajt a low estimate, vitiate the air by the abstraction of no less than 1,440
cubicinches of oxygen, and the addition of an equa 1 number'of carbonic
acid, thus constituting ajsource of impurity which cantnotbe safely over-
looked.'" See Combe, chap. vii. ''
Atmospheric air becomes vitiated principally "hy one, or a combina-
tion of the following causes: ..
nt ,1. -By animal respiration. " u v
,V 2, By decaying animal and vegetable matter. , ,
- f3. ' By stagnant waters; and ,
4. By 'combustion inclose apartments.
."'- id air, in prisons, in small close apartments, and in u nheaJthy districts.
Oneof !he most horrible was that which ocourred in the Black Hole of
Oalcutla, where one hundred rndfory Englishmen were thrust into a
-confined place, eighteen, feet square, in which there Avere but two small
indows on one side, and where ventillation was 'impossible. Scarcely
"was the door shut upoajhe prisoners, when theirstififerings for want of
fresh uir, commenced; and in six hours ninety-six of them were dead!
In the morning, only twenty-three of tbem were i ing many of whom
m were subsequently cutoff by putriiever, caused hy the dreadful efflu-
via and ihe corruption of the air. Other cases ar e recorded, of persons
dying for want of fresh air, in small close cabins ; and the numerous
cases annually recorded, of deaths caused by burni ng charcoal in close
apartments, is to be attributed o the consumptio n of the oxygen, and
rthe generation of carbonic acid by the combustion of the charcoal. But
it'is" zfof'only where death ensues that thc-breatljiiag of vitiated air is
hurtful 'it is always prejudicial more or less, to Jic.alth; it impairs the
constitution: and is often the latent cause of diseases which ultimately
prove fatal. "The chief symp!tomsJ"saysOrfila, "which follow the
breathing impure air? are great heaviness in the he ad, tingling in the
ears, troubled sight a great inclination, to 3leep, dimiiiutionof strength,
,and failing down." These sensations are experi enced in crowded,
.heated rooms, inlsteamboat and canal boat cabins, &c. '
T Decaying animal and vegetable matters are a pi "olific source of dis-
ease, by vitiating the' atmosphere we breathe, particularly in cellars,
closeyards, or other places where the effluvia ihey'g'jndrate is not spee-
dily dsipated by the winds. Hence fevers are mo st prevalent where
due regard is not had to cleanliness, as over dlty cellars, near filthy yards
and'lanes, and in dwellings in andabout which an imal and vegetable
matters are suffered to occumulate and putrify. Hence the sickness
thattpervades new countries, by the decay of vegetable matters on the
jirst.exposure of the soil to the sun.
' - The deleterious influence of stagnant waters upon the atmosphere
is&nown to all; and when combined with ranimal and vegetable putre-
faction, the evil is greatly increased. Hence nothing contributes more
to thejiealthiness of a neighborhood, than the draining of swamps, marsh-
es and wet lands.
Combustion also vitiates the atmbsphere in close: rooms, particular-
ly, gas lights a single gas burner consuming more oxygen, according
to Combe, and producing moro carbonic acid gas, to deterioate the at-
mosphere of a joom, than six or eight candles.
Among the precautions which these facts suggest, for the preserva-
tion of health, we may mention'the following: ' f
To locate our dwellings on dry grounds, and in airy situations, re-
mote from stagnant waters. The cellars should br? dry, with windows
at opposite sides, if practicable, for ventillation, whenever the weather
will permit; and they should be kept free from all putrifying vegetable
matters. The rooms should bo lofty, and rather capa cious than contract-
ed, and should open, by windows to the exterior, and should be all ven-
tillated every fair morning in summer. It adds to the beauty of rural
abodes, as well as to the comfort and health of their inmates, to surround
them with fruit and ornamental trees. The offices and structures for
farm stock should not be contiguous to the dwelling, nor should the cat-
tle or swino be permitted to range and litter about it; perfect cleanli-
ness should be observed in and about the house, if wc would breathe a
pure atmosphere,
In regard to our personal habits, these facts inculcate the propriety
-of tiildngTrequent exercise in the open air, particularly in summer mor-
1Extpaokdij.arx: J)isc'o EEtE.-The following is taken from the
proceeding'at Ihe geological section ffihe British Association, at its
late meeting:
'After some remarks on the change 111 the chemical character of
minerals, produceilby galvanism, made by Mr.JJof, the chairman said,
it had been observed to them last evening, that the test of some of the
highest truths which philosophy had brought to light was their simpli-
city. He held in his hand a blacking pot, which Mr. Fox had bought
esterday for a penny, a little water, clay, zinc and copper, and by these
j humble means he had imitated one of the most-wondeiful processes of
nature her mode ot malting metalic veins. It was with peculiar satis-
faction that he contemplated the valuable results of this meeting of the
association. There was also a gentleman now at his right hand, whose
namejhe had never .heard till yesteida,a man unconnected with any
society? but possessing the true spirit of a philosopher. This gentle-
man had made no less than twenty-four minerals, and even crystalline
quartz. Loud cries of hear! He knew not how he made them, but
he pronounced them to Tic discoveiies of the highest order: they were
not made with a blacking pot and clay, , like Mr. Fox's, but the appara-
us was equally humble; a bucket of water and a brick bat had sufficed
to produce the.wonderful effects which he would detail to them. Mr.
Cross of Bloomfield, Somerset, then came forward, and staled that he
came to Bristol to be a listener only, and with no idea that he should be
called upon to address a section. He was no geologist, and but little of a
mineralogist; he had, however, devoted much of his time to electricity,
and he had lately been occupieed in improvements in the voltaic power,
by which he, had succeeded in keeping it in full force for twelve months
by water alone, rejecting acids entirely. Cheers. Mr. Crdss then
proceeded to state that he had obtained water from a finely crystallized
cave'at Holway, and by the action of the voltaic battery, had succeeded
in producing from that water, in the ceurse of ten days, numerous rhom-
bodial crystals, resembling those of the cave: in order to ascertain if
light had any influence mthe process, he tried it again in a dark cellar,
and produced similar crystals in six days, with one fourth of the voltaic
power. He had repeated tne experiments a hundred times, and always
with the same results. -He was fully convinced that it was possible to
make even diamonds; and that, at no distant period, every kind of mine-
ral would be formed by the ingenuity of man. By a variation of his
experiments, he had obtained grey and blue carbonate of copper, phos-
phate of soda, and twenty or thirty other specimens. If anv member
of the association would favor him with a visit to his house, they''Would
be received with hospitality, though in a wild and savage region on the
Quantock hills; and he should be proud to repeat his experiments in
their presence. .Mr. Cross sat down araidstr-lonrr contiuued cheering-.
Professor Sedgwicksaid he had discovered in 'Mr. Cross a friend, who
somd years ago, kindly conducted him over the Quantock hills, ori the
way to Taunton. The residence of that gentleman.was not, as he had
described it, in a wild and savage region but seated amidst thdsublime
and heautiful in nature. At that time he was encaged in carrvinff on
the' most gigantic experiments, attaching voltaiclines to the trees'of the
forest, and conducting through them streams of lightning as large as ihe
mast of a 74 gun ship, and even turning them tnrough his house with
the dexterity ot an able charioteer, sincerely did he congraulate the
section on what they had heaid and witnessed that morning. The ope
rations of electrical phenomena, instances ef which had been detailed to
them, proved that the whole world, even darkness itself, was steeped in
everlasting light, the first born of heaven. However Mr. Cross miglif
have hitherto cone ealed himself, from this time forth hemust stand be-
fore the world as public property. Professor Phillips said the wonderful
discoveries of Mr. Cross and Mr. Jbox would open a field of science, in
which ages might be employed in exploring and imitating the phenome-
na of nature." ,
W"1
Female warriors have been found in the heart of Christendom, even
since the dawn of this country. We ar6 assured by Bulwer, that the
French armies have never been engaged in the neighborhood of Paris,
vvithout there being found many of. those females whom one sees in the
saloons of Paris, slain on the field of battle, to which they had been led,
not so much by a vi-ilent passion for their lovers (French women do not
love so violentl') as by a desire for adventures," which they are willing
to gratify even in the camp. Dumourier had at one time, for his aid-decamps,
two delicate and accomplished women, who 'delighted in the
bloody scenes of war. Often, in the most desperate crisis of the bat-
tle, said a general, 'I have heard 'their slender hut animated voices re
proaching flight, and urging to the charge; and you mfght have seen their,
waving plumes and .Roman garb, amid the thickest of the fire. After
the battle of Waterloo, there were found among the dead bodies several
Parisian girls, who had gone forth with their paramours and actually
fought in their -company.' Nor was this an uncommon event. One
morning, says Mr. Scott, when passing-through the Palais RoVal at Pal
is, I saw one of these women dressed in military costume, with boots,
spurs and sabre. No Frenchman seemed to consider the sight a strange
one. i.i..
THE CHICKASAWS,
By a lettor from an officer of colonel Vose's detachment of United
States troopy in Arkansas, it appears have purchased Ja home of the
Unoctaws,tor the sum ot oau,uuu.
The Chickasaws, in proportion to their population, are the richest
people in the world. Their number is about 5,000, and their funds,
when all realized, will exceed $5,000,000!
The Choctaw country, west of the Mississippi, extends from east
to west, between Red'River on the South, and the Canadian on the north
345 miles; greatest extent from north to south, 115; least breadth, G9
miles; area, XJ8,000 square miles.
Including the Chickasaws, the Indian population of this territory
will be ahout (thirty thousand ; governed by one supreme chief, and three
inferior ones.
As.you -ascend Red River from the Arkansas line, you meet with
the Kiamesha, Boggy River, and Blue River, coming in from the north.
Less than forty miles of canal, would unite the navigation of the Red
and Arkansas.
The Creeks and Seminoles; to the number of 32,000, are located
immediate north of the Choctaws.
The Cherokees are located to the north of the Creeks and Semi-
nole'? to the number of 20,000. The Os'ages, Quapaws, and Senecos
lie to the north of the Cherokees, in number 6,000.
mum fhr nmofino nFlnolIinfr no nno Aaco-rvTntr nnt'TTlfiTBlV ihe hcfftiliVe
consul e it has msome of the States, but the frown of every well dis-
poned citizen; andjWe believe the time will coraej when he faho shall in
any way participate in an act so fipnd-like will be looked upon as dis-
honored as unfit for, as most assuredly he would be unworthy of? pub-
lic trust or private confidence for if public, men can forget their' station,
or private, their duties, where we ask,' is dependence or safety? nIf
theie is any thing abov e another, which vve'do detest, it is Ihejdea that
theie can be in such an act, any show of horioi any'high'iriiiideSjhon-
orable, gentlemanly principle. No man should, with impunity, trainple
upon our, rights as u citizen, or "ourieelirigs as a man. But we helieve
in v hat we think a better wav of testing and avenfringwrongs.
Our remarks may appear harsh to some, who, from education, may
now possess different view-s. We have 'valued and very dear friends
who haye, as we think, erred in this practice they know our aversion
to it and theirs, if they spoke their true sentiments, would be found noi
less than ourovvui Many, liketthe lamented Laurens, whose obituary;
although a stanger to us we read, with interest; have felt called upon to
demand satisfaction! although they might bo sure that the call would
be answered at the expense of life. How frequent ve hear1 the ques
tion asked when such misunderstandings occur, has he the courage: to -fight?"
Where, in a communitv which tolerates the foul practice,
lies., the courage. On which side. is cotrcg- most displayed-by hin'
who, knowing he has the countenance and support of friends to revenge
an insult in this manner, or by him who prefers the scoffs of even friends
to a saenhec ot punciple who is willing to suffer wrongs ratner uun
commit what he looks upon as crime. Even supposing that 6ne of two
thus circumstanced knows his antagonist would be no loss, helieves tnat
inhjs death society would be rid of a positive evil, and supposing he hifn-
self to be ahmost friendless, having none to love and by none' beloyfed-
may his enemv not have friends, relatives who cannot lorget tnat ne
is a child a brother and will not they mourn the los3 though, allthe
rest of the world rejoice? there are instances where cause sufiitient,
if such can be, has been given andyetscoffs have been borne ralhef than
suffer an act where none could have been'behefute'd, but -where allcon
cerned might haye been injured. We contend that tnerei? no courage
in such a deed but downrightand evident cowardice! In it isj&&-
played, more forcibly 'han can possibly be in any other way the jivant
of that moral courage by which man'is made superior to the brute crea-
tion. lliey will fight tor revenge and often from pride-rrnine duels out
often are fought by men, who, were they brought before the cannon?s
mouth as champions for their country's independence, would quail and
tremble like the aspen leaf Some few there are, again, who feel that
reputation besieged by one, perhaps not worthy of credit J-aH'iy' gone
andhey prefer death in any shape to'life knowing' but onewdyouvz
er to rid themselves of what they think msupportabjalhey'ush madly
on t0 .f , I Jn' , .T
"MurdeVniost foul, as in1 tHe best it is?" , ,
We can but believer that the untimely' aeath of She noticed in'the'
commencement of this articlej as well as the many brave and'talerited
whojbr years past have been the victimsof these "honorable" transact
tions, will prove a salutary lesson to' those now living: . -
From thcr Matagorda? Bulletin. , -
,. NEWS. jrisaf ) tus 'i
By the arrival of Midshipman Robert Foster, in; .charge obeMex
icah schooner A'lispaa prize of the 'Texia'n schooner of war Invincible,
we learn that our Navy Has heen'engaged for thVlastHhree ino&is'to
some purpose. On leaving 'Galveston in May Iasf tney proceeded Ito
the mouth of the Mississippi, and cruised thereabouts sevenubxreight
days without meeting any thing of the desired description. They then
altered their courseifor the coast of Mexico, and at iMugere'sIand fell
in with several pirogues, or schooner cacpes; these were generally.la-
derfivith articles of little value, and, with one exception they, obtained
from them only their sails and provisions, with which' they were able to
keep themselves supplied, having originally laid iri only a'two'mb'n'ths
stock. In one, however, the,vHfound a cargo of logwood, which 'the' caff-
tain of it redeemed with 600 dollars, on arriving at Sisal. TJiiaplace
they cannonaded aboat three hours, when owing, to their destitute,
condition, in the way of rigging, they .thought, it prudent to haul off.
tiaa iney nave nau spare rigging, wun vvmcn,iney couia nave repaireav
in case of sustaining damage tiiey woula nave taken thertown.
The Alispa is of about eightytons .burthen, and laden with crocke-
ry and hardware.
Another schooner,' the Telegraph; captured by the Brutus, isexpec-
ted at this port hourly. i ' "
An English brig, the Eliza Russell, of 180 tofts', chartered by a'
Mexican house, laden with ageneral assortment ofraerchanaise, Jwefs
taken off Alacran, by the Brutusari8 'has. been senf'fo GaTves'toh.
Our men made repeated Iandirigij and on Ihe cruise burned to -the
ground eightor nine tows,rsoine of tnernof considerable size.
' The Mexican fleet is lying at Vera Crdz, unm&ried. r '
From Midshipman 'Foster, we" learn that our fovynsman? the' Secre-
tary of the Navy, is in fine health and spirits, and may "be expected o
Teturn -with our vessels in a Pevr days'. HeJand captain Boylan,'bf the
Bi utus, on one occasion inade rather a' narrow escape, Landrag'at one
of the towns before mentioned, with a boat's 'crewof six, they hamed
tneir boat upon ihe beach and moved in a bddy1wdl'or' three hundred
yards from it, without their arms. At'this jOrictiirea body "of cavalry of
fifteen or twenty wheeled upon them, and they had barely time to recov-
er the boat in safety. Judge Fisher, haviqgla pistol by J him, made i&e
of it, dropping one of the assailants.' r "
At anothentime,-the Boatswain of the 'Brutus, with four1 men, 18
pursuit of'aipirogue was benighted; and landing at a small villageVhe
laid it under contribution, rousing the Alcalde from his sleep for the pur-
pose. He raised fifty dollars which is said to have been tight work,-
and left early the next morning. r
' I -io'i
New method of peopagatevg Apfxe Trees. A' pew phui for
increasing plantations of apple trees has lately been carried into exten-
sive practice by the horticulturists of Bohemia. Neither seeds nor grafts
ing are required. The process is to take shoots from the choicest sorts,
insert them in a potato, and plunge both into the ground, leavin&hut an
inch or two of the shoot above the (surfuce. The, potatoe .nourishes .the
shoot, while it pushes out the roots, and tne snoot graauauy grows up
and becomes a beautiful tree, bearing thoTjest fruit, without requiring to
be grafted. ,. ... t
Whatever may be the success of the undertaking, its noveltyas at,
least an inducement to give it a fair trial. -, 1
Jfarmer xqnd Gardener.
7 " "v
Lord Shaftesbury was wont to say thatjwisdomtlay in the heart gnd
not in the head; and.that it was not the vyant of knowledge, !but the per-
vereeness of the wlf that filled men's actions with folly, and their lives
with disordei.
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Cruger & Moore. Telegraph and Texas Register (Houston, Tex.), Vol. 2, No. 32, Ed. 1, Tuesday, August 22, 1837, newspaper, August 22, 1837; Houston, Texas. (https://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth47945/m1/1/: accessed April 25, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, The Portal to Texas History, https://texashistory.unt.edu; crediting The Dolph Briscoe Center for American History.