Heritage, Volume 10, Number 2, Spring 1992 Page: 22
39 p. : ill. ; 28 cm.View a full description of this periodical.
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___ ___ ^ ^M~~~ftl~u<^ e 7cce.,ewtale if, _J rt' en V ^ r" ___* _____ * __This 1751 Voisins map shows the locations of the Alibamu and Koasati Indians. The tribes had lived along the Alabama River and its tributaries since the 1700s.
Alibamu and Koasati in the 19th century
included: rectangular log cabins fashioned
from cypress or cedar frames with mud-cat
chimneys, that were used in the summer
months, and circular houses built with
wood, cane, and clay chinking, for winter
use. The latter houses may be the ones
Madero deemed of poor construction. Both
types of houses should be present at the
Carl Matthews site.
Open plazas or yards were probably
present between the various groups of
houses and any outbuildings (such as arbors
and granaries), with trash middens downwind.
Archaeological excavations at
Koasati sites on the Red River in Northwest
Louisiana have also indicated that large
earth ovens, trash pits, and corncob fire
pits occur in or adjacent to the houses.
In compiling the 1831 census, Madero
tabulated numbers of livestock among the
Koasati and Alibamu. Between them, they
had 1,100 cattle, several hundred hogs and
horses, as well as yokes of oxen. Mico LongKing alone owned more than 100 head of
cattle. By the early 1840s, almost all the
livestock had been taken from them by
Texan settlers.
Both the Alibamu and Koasati were
A wide variety of EuroAmerican
goods have
been found at the Carl
Matthews and Arthur
Patterson sites including
glass beads, silver ornaments,
metal tools, gun
parts, lead musket balls,
cast iron kettles, bottle
glass, and stoneware.described in the mid- 19th century as skilled
agriculturists, growing corn, potatoes, melons,
and beans that they supplied to "the
main market at Nacogdoches, where they
also come to sell their flocks", according to
Jean Louis Berlandier in 1828. Corn, beans,
and peach seeds have been found on Koasati
archaeological sites in Northwest Louisiana.
They were also proficient hunters of
deer, bear, and small fur-bearing animals,
and the pelts, tallow, and oil were exchanged
in American, Mexican, and Texan
trading posts for a variety of goods. (See box
on page 23.) Many of these goods have been
recovered in archaeological contexts on
Koasati and Alibamu sites.
One of the more important known
Alibamu-Koasati archaeological sites in
Texas was discovered on the Carl Matthews
farm by a local farmer in 1929. Flooding
along Long King Creek eroded the creek
bank and exposed two ceramic vessels that
had fallen out of the bank. In 1933, A.T.
Jackson, newspaperman-turned-archae22 HERITAGE * SPRING 1992
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Texas Historical Foundation. Heritage, Volume 10, Number 2, Spring 1992, periodical, Spring 1992; Austin, Texas. (https://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth45420/m1/22/?rotate=90: accessed April 27, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, The Portal to Texas History, https://texashistory.unt.edu; crediting Texas Historical Foundation.