Neu-Braunfelser Zeitung (New Braunfels, Tex.), Vol. 1, No. 5, Ed. 1 Friday, December 10, 1852 Page: 1 of 4
four pages ; page 24 x 16 in.View a full description of this newspaper.
Extracted Text
The following text was automatically extracted from the image on this page using optical character recognition software:
T
o
5
7,
r,
o
g
w.
(5
*
m
A
<57
if
(£iit Organ t>er fceutfdjen ©eMIferuna Don 3Be|l* £ejra$.
^erdiU^ieti ton JJer fctttait b Sinb^eimet tittfr ©♦ SW. von WpM.
£ >-i -TVH
■h
ttfiB
Saftrgang 1.
grettag, ben 10. $)ecemt>er 1852.
Summer 5.
Tit Wen« ®raunfrffcr Jntuw^ nf$ei jrtcn
rfrtta unt fcfirt wrrtcliutrlid* $ l in gtaaudbetaHung. ttmrigro bid j« 10 ?tt et, cinmal infmrt, fcftcn $ 1, bicfflbm tttunal iwfmri $1. 50, bit?clbat «uf | 3a$r $ 4. 50, aaf £ 3«&t $ 7. 60, «nb oaf
1 * ]'J. 9*n"f!aw ?on wh a(4 in Pfi'.m im '^frfra',ni6. 9(b*snfitrn putfrafl Watt *aMfn ft!? ^rtfctipitfn nur bif ■fcafftp btfffr flAfSuVfit. . __ .. v- • „ .+
SQir crfud>cn unfere fammtlidjen
&cr*n Bgcnten, und fofcalb aU mc&
lid> ta$ ftcfultat i^ircd
SlUrfcn* fur unfcr 33latt nutjn*
tbeilem
$|* 9¥^articn tet$tm=
SBtaititfclfrr fitting,
£crr ^ippcf, fterr greitt, ftcrr
&ccta&, Jpax #cr(\nfou, $crr
"iiruolb, £err wetttier,$ct?met"
ftcr, nub y?rrr 3$t*ftiitaiitt rocr*
ten tie CViite baton? 0ubfcriptiim$*
gclbtr unb SnfcrtionagebufyTni fur bie
9teu*©raunfclfeT 3<itung anjunefy*
men. *,4"-
frie Slcfcactioit.
IV* (Sine grefje SfudwafI £antterf iufe in
ter 9iafe ton 9itn-33raunfeld wirt (£ntt
tiefea ^abrtdjn 92eu'39raunfeld auf lent
SOege ojfentlidpr 3>erfteigerung ftattfin-
Int. "SWan febe uber ta« "Wafer* lie am
Gnte ted statue befinblicfen ttnjeigen
nad).
<$elt mangel tit $e$a*«
tfein Staat ter nortamertfanijeben Union
fann fief tubmen, im itobaltniffe feints llm-
faugca ;u Kiuct 9>cpulatton tie Wotbroentig-
fiitrn ledVcbend in felcber Julie unt foaud-
.iqeidmeter Oute prolucirtn ju founen, aid
laa?, tenn lie 9fahtr fjat lai ?anb, toenige
(?4r«te au^citentmen, jnm let ©e-
fintlbeif, lrt-23oMjlflnlei \inl let QHma^'
licfcFeit flem<td>t. ^ennctfc boxtn n>ir, lint
ntit rctlem 3letfcte/ iiter ten ^errftbenten
Weftmangel Itagen unfe on w^gijlifajer
3«itc auf tie (Sriw^tung on 5BanTen aid tai
rtnuae ^wabrente "Biltel binpeifen;
ein iiittef, todebes Uebtl iiber fnrj cfcer
lon^ in rrrgrepertem "SDiaa^e wietet ttud-
fcrcdjcn iaffen murte.
. gcrfc^cn ir nacb ter Urfadje lei Uetetd,
f fuitett jvur, lag wur ^Ue«, ad ir ge<
ftrautften, ^aiJ mil dtintrleij^ au^enotn-
tntn, con auswartd bejiet>en, lap ir uns
let Iauf(%uu3 f" f#
au^iei^neie# *aui,iap feine ^cvwoijncr aUe
i^rt sttefurftii^t laufen toumn, o^ae irgenl
f tread ftrgeblidp* lagegca )u oertaufen urn
lamit ten ^etrag unjerer teinfaufe §u bej«^-
Un. — Die ^lucftt^ren lera^ bejte^en in
ciner nnbeleuUnten Cuantitat ibaumroclle,
tin Wang Jwter unl^vni^ weni^en ^auten
«nt $ctalm«tfe* unt etwaa jHinHne^,—laa
ijl 2lik^. iiingefnbtt lagegen nnrl *Uee,
rcai wit gebrauc^tn. 3n Itn oftlicben unl
mittlettn iipUen ltd ^taattd beftgen ir
lad oottrejfUd )le iBaubol| unt tod) bauen
wit nnfett ^anfer von SJrtttttn, 35obien unl
6pc.ntn, tie wit on Qlorita nnt aue tint
SKilfi^ippitbale bejieben; lerai ^at ten ^ett-
litbjien, frud^bar|tcn JBeijenboten in unge-
melfentt Vtiltlfa Wmw^^^rN^ienn ^e^n-
t^eilc jeinrfl il5fl)fnbel<Hrf to* flbxttn pa
tint tienfo fonrmt nnfet xsm*, e^anHn mit
(Si^tn mnl Wn^a«*ie«/ i fr"** ^gnti-
^tit fut ^(^reeittcjut^t minlejiend Jfenlncfp
altid), abet fajl «Ut^ eQmmfrto, flUtr
Sped wit @<bin!en, tie mt w§t|ren, witt
una tut ^entwf?, Jeimrffrtf nnt'C^io §w$e-
ful>rt. Unfert ^it^eetrtt* {ln¥ unjablbat ju
ntniffn, unt ©uttet, Itaje unt ifllg
ju 0 ottpreifen in gvofitn CnanWttcn tm
Vanlt ju baben fein, ^att tefftn abet ctn-
fumiren wit ^Jiajfen con Gutter, *«|e, ©eift
unt Xalgfarjen, tie unl 9icp-D§rf wit
Connecticut Ittftm. garmerd, wetd^e ibte
^ijl^tajtn nad) lecgvie* wtfni t^ge
btuft Qwmtitaten otn JtwHj>Ht wit Bait'
btUrtet be^en «tt Hefeni toWrten, kajtn
litff ^rotucte We -8orfo unt Howiecticuit
beiw JtaufbiannrV wtt tetatf tet trtanifdje
Batwet fined «ti" otet ^awwtt#i itd#
trafcM feint gtau ein 59uMttfift eintn (hmer
otef tintn Staf&fubel, fo ge^t et nid^t jum
"* ' * &d*v+ |«UfU|
' - i+ifQ «t .
tad didtbige, fontern jum &aufmanne unl
ja^lt fein baare« (SMt tafur; 9(tted, roas et
felbji protujiren fonnte, ten S5?oUfioff ju
feinen ilicitern, laa ?eler ju <2iiefeln unt
Cd^uben, SlUed bolt er ocm ^aufnianne, unt
lad baare.@t4b tafiit grbt nacb lent Gotten.
SSie mit lent farmer, fo gebt ed ntit lent
^antjoerfer, lem ©dorrbtrc tbcnlen itberbauvt
unt lent iJaufmanne, mit Relent. Somit
fann ed und nicbt wunlern ju l^orcn, tap tie
nidjt ftarfe S^wolferung tines ein^igen tcra*
nifeben Gountp'd in einem .einjigeit ^abre
$ 25,000 jut ftemled ^ieijenmcbl aucge-
geben bat unl mebr aid balb fo rirl fut
&d)n>einefleij^, ©ped unt lergleid en, unt
tied flnt nur tie aUentotb>oe«tigften $ttiirf*
niffe; unt nt^mtn wit an, tap lit iibrigen
ntununla^tjig organifirtrn GcunHes tiefe?
^taated ielt nut tie Jpalfre liefer <3umme
oetandgaben, ao weit unter tern wabtcn
35etrage ift, fo ert;aUcn icir erne Sum me von
circa 3ioei ilcillionen, lvetd^e jal>rlid? unnott)i-
ger iOeife fur foldje SIrtifel aus tem ifantc
ge^t, tie mir mit leid>terer sJ)iul?c fellft pro
lujiten fonnten, aid mit ter fie tort gewonnen
merten, ton wot;er n>ir fie bejici;en. 9lcibme
ter ^aufmann, ter und tiefe ^tclucte tes
Portend liefert, unfere ^rotucte tafur in
3ablung unt rnurte bei tiefem laufebbantel
nid)t nocb baared Q>elt tarauf geja^lt, n?ir
iirtcn nie tie tflage iibet „barte 3eiten"
t>6ren; aber er nimmt in ter Sicget nut cash
unt tiefed wantcrt fofert nad) s) orten. Un-
tet folc^en Umftdnten tann ed nidjt Saunter
nebmen, tap tie (9eltqncUen oerfiegen unt
tie ^eifen ,^art" werten; ed ifi etne unauc
bleiblid e 5otge, ta§ tad ??oIf ted ^efegnet-
fien ?anled, lad mebr ein^ aid au^fu^rt unt '
tie $iUwee mit baarem ©rite tedt, geftarm
erteii tnuf.- '* - "■'
OTan b3tt freiftdb febt eft Itn CHnwutf,
tetad fel titv neutd ?ant, tad e*en erfi im
Begrif^ fti/ be^etelt ju merten nnt ton tem
man rrft na(^ tBnlauf me brer er ^atjre ,eint
li^er^gfefH fctfrni!??1*'2tud^ ^r ..fejner
95rotucte erivattcij ionne, Ite^iji aber eine
labme Sntf^i^ltguUg teis ^itr'mangelnten
gtei§ed unt Uhternebmungdgeijled. S^enn
Galifotnitn, ttlcbt balb fo begunfiigt lunb
(SUma unt $otengute, mit nut einigen roent-
gen engen, cnlturfa^igen il>alern an feinen
glikffen, iji erfi feit ungefaljt trei 3^^rcn be-
fietelt, unt tenno^l unt ungead^tet ter be-
tiadjttic^en fremten Ginroanterung, roelcbe
tad 2ant erbalten mu§, bat ed tm torigen
3a^rt f^on fiir tintn SSJtrtt* ton ubet jroei
^iiflionen Dollard an iantroirti)fcbaftli$en
^rotucten, aid ^inltieb, ^artoffein, 3ro e?
beln, ^obnen, Cirbfen, tauten oudgefii^rt,
mebr alfo aid leratf, tad feit 20 3ai>reu be-
fit telt ift, mit einer toppelt fo gropen 5ge-
toUeruug aid Salitptnien erportirte. liefer
Unterfcbitl ju ©unfien ted an Glima unt
^oltngiite unftrem 8taate nadjjte^enten
(Salifomien rii^rt letigUd) ta^er, lap ed
^au)>(fad)lidf ton 9?ortlautern bcjtelelt ift,
tie toll Unteme^mungdgeiji, ©efc^idli^fcit,
gieifj unt Selbjbertrauen fint, roaljrent
itrad l^ouptfa^lid) ton Siitlantern berojo^nt
Wirt, tie aid ®ema$lid)Ieit unt TOgiggang
Ikbtnl belaniU fmt unt ficb gerne tarauf tet-
laffen, ta| Slntere fit mit ttm ttrforgen,
toad fie felbjl ju ptoluciren im 31ante put.
£$obl mogtn tiefe unfere @ti>au(tungen
Urine (iompUmtntt fut unftte teranifdw
sJKitburger ent^alten, roiterlegt werten fonncn
fit abtr nicbt. S>o tenn ijt tad fflitttl, t<nr
Uebel abjubelfen? ^attfen, roel^t man tct-
gcf^logen bat, fint td nidjt, fit ^tlfen tew
UtbelfUmlt, tap wit mebr torn Sudlantt be-
jie^tn, aid wit felbji ptotujittn unt tie
X^iertaj wit baatew ®eltt andglei^tn
wufen, ni^t at. Sanfeu ttrgroftrn tad
pfotvetite Capital cintd Wanted nic^t im gt-
ting^tn, j«, fdjout man ibnen ndl^tr in d
<8efi*t, jo fwt fie mcbtd aid tin So^em,
turd) roeUfctd ein (Sa^italifi oter ein $trtin
ton foldwn, ttr torn «taatt einenG barter
ttbalt, befugt ig, ton M^pierntn aDoflat^
fiir wcT^e er tintn Hingtnbtn Cottar aid
®i^et|eit ^nttr<tftr 3«i« i
50itrlen wir alfo, wie bicker, fortfabtett,
mebr ju faufen, aid ju terfaufen unt unc
in Sd>ulten §u ftiirjen, fo wurten und tic
und angepriefenen 35artfen nur terfubren,
unfere ©cbulten ju terfiinffaeben. XHefj flnt
tie ©riinte, roelcbe und beftimmen, tringent
jur ipebung ter inlantifdpn Sntuftrit unt
ted termebtten Sliibaueo ton 3w(ier ^aum
roolie unt labad unt iiberbauot fold)er sPto
tucte auf^jfortern, roetc^e al*> (fjrportartifel
©ell ins I'ant bringen; t!ep tie ©ritnli
aucb, roeld)e und laut gegett jcte 2lenterung
ter Section 30 te.s 7. Slrttfeld unferet (ion-
f.ita ion, roonad) feine 35anf otet Disconto-
ban! tm 0jaatt erridjtet werten tarf, pro-
teftirett laffen. ; ^ , —s. v
B
Railroad - meeting.
On the twenty ninth of Nov. inst.
there was a large and enthusiastic rail-
road meeting held at the Court House in
this city at which meeting our citizens
truly evinced that the spirit oi' public
enterprise bent high and sanguin in the
hearts oi' the people oi Comal County.
The meeting organized by electing
the Hon. Dr. Theodor Koeater Presi-
dent, Adolph Naundori*. J. F. Torrey
and George Ulrich Esq. Vice Presidents,
Hermann t>eele Secretary and Hcrrtiann
W'iike Assistant Secretary.
The object of the meeting being
explained by the Chairman, the com-
mittee heretofore appointed by a fortner
meeting by G. H. bherwopd Esq. made
their repot t, which report was after-
wards repeated in the German lan-
guage by Dr.1 * W iilium Kcmer Chair-
man of said cortimittee.
Whereupon Ov H, Judson Esq. mo-
ved that the report of the committee
be fcccftpted which motion being secon-
ded and the vote of the being taken
thereon was unanimously passed.
G. H. judson Esq. then moved
that the resolutions reported by the com
mittee be adopted.^ ; *>i
The meeting was then addressed
and the resolutions discussed with a
lively and enthusiastic flow of argument
and persuasion in favor of the adoption
of the resolutions by G. H. Sherwood,
Ad, Nauendorf, Dr. W. Remer, and the
Hon: Alexander Rossy against the adop-
tion of said repojrt. . ..
And thereupon, on motion of the
Hon- A* Rossy, the Ayes and Noes
being called, the resolutions repotted by
the committee were adopted by a vote
in ratio one to four-—-
Then on motion of J§r- H- Sherwood
Esq- which was seconded by G. H.
Judson Esq. by the uhanimous vote of
the meeting, tn,
It was resolved that the President
6f this meeting appoint three persons as
a corresponding committee to conier with
the President directors of the Houston
and San Antonio railroad - companies
t>n the subject of connecting the cities of
Austin and San Antonio through the
j?ity of New - Braunfels- J-'i j - O
The President appointed Dr- W-
Remer, John J- Torrey and Hermann
Seele Esq- said committee.
Ad Nauetoderf Esq- moved that it
l)e .resolved thai^ t* cominittee of ten bt
appointed to instruct by resolution, our
Rt presentative in the Legislature as to
the sense of this county in regard to in
1 11 i | 11 11 1,1 "
Chairman appoint said committee —
was tnade by A* N&uendorf Esq. and
Seconded by Dr- Remer, whereupon the
resolution as amended was unanimously
passed* - ??.
The Chairman appointed Dr- W -
Remer, L. C- i&rveadLerg, F- fciadhei
—. r «fc.. . ,
mer, F- J. Arnold. G- Klappenbach,
W- A. Andross, D- Murchison, J. Harms,
W- Seekatz and V- Sippel said com-
mittee.
The meeting was tfcen at a very
late hour adjourned until Monday De-
cember 6- 1852, seven o'clock p- M-
Report adopted-
Wc the undersigned railroad meet-
ing held in New-Braunfels City on the
16- day of Nov- instant to draft and re-
port to this meeting resolutions relative
to the utility of the corporation of this
city and county with the enterprise of
one of the contemplated lines of railroad
to be constructed from the coast to the
city of Austin or San Antonio, take
pleasure in recommending to the favor-
able consideration of this meeting and
the citizens of this and adjoining coun-
ties the great demanding necessity exist-
ing throughout Texas and the western
portion in particular of prosecuting to
effect the completion of the enterprises
referred to, believing as we do from
the statistical matter and facts with
which we are posessed, and which are
evident to the mind? of every man of
reflection, together with the experience
of other states in matters of this nature,
That a railroad from some eligible point
on the coast through the western por-
tions of our state will operate as the
great and only adequate means for devel-
oping the resources, populating the vast
and ' fertile domain of our state and
thereby as it were constructing and ap-
plying the key - stone which will secure
the advantages and importance .which
our state is destined to possess and ex-
tend- —
And your committee were unani-
mous in the opinion that it would be
impolite' for. our state to appropriate
by way of a donation any. of her public
domain or treasury to aid in the con-
struction of this enterprise; — But we
are of opinion that the state is reasonably
called upon to assist by way of loans
and pledges of a reasonable portion of
her public domain with security upon
certain terms and restrictions, to aid in
the furtherance of this and other great
and necessary public enterprise- —■
This committee also respectfully
suggest the propriety and necessity of
the legislature of this state to pass a
law authorising any county in tlie state
by a vote of two thirds of the Votes
polled, for such occasion in said county
to levy a tax for railroad - purposes of
not more than one per cent per annum on
every hundred dollars worth of pro-
perty, and to subscribe the amount so
raised as stock in such railroad - com-
pany as the county may wish to assist.
And this committee also further
respectfully suggest and recommend tlikt
the citizens of this county and city by
their private subscription and that of
our city and county so far as it is prac-
ticable to aid in the construction of the
Houston or San Antonio contemplated
railroads and especially to that com-
pany, which gives us assurance that
they will connect the cities of Austin
and San Antonio thereby running near
the old Austin and San Antonio road
jo as to pass through the city of New
Braunfels and^Hays ~countyT"tEai^^Tieing
without doubt the only direct and prac-
Ucahle roTi^ev.. . " VV",'. J..* 'X-
And this committee would further
suggest the propriety of appointing such
committee as may tttd to promote the
interests of this county m regard to the
ubject of public enterprise.
* W Remer. >
G. H. Sherwood
L. C. Erv« 4berg
J'' i tTJ
. &ie ^eibettjn#'
(5ertft$img.) /*
ftnlatt led ?Waulbeerba*nred.(M«rw.y
fo titlt Hrttn titftd ©aumrt 'it
giebt, fo terfefcieten flnt tiefelben in Ijrrt
©irfung aid gutter fur lit ©tilenYairpe.'
©abrent tie eine 2trt etn fiarled (TocOn m!^
fcfter Seite erjeugt, ift bei ler anttrn trt
gerate tad ©egent^eil ter gad. 3 m fcffgt-
meinen fann man anne^men, taf tin ®aum, 1
roeldjer tielc faftige ©latter ^ertoflrin^, v
jum Slnbau 3U empfe^len ifi, toraudgefe^f, ^
tap ter Stolen unt tad Cltma i^m gunfHg ^
ftnl. 3u ten am meifien gef^^ftU 2lrife*,&
gt^oren ter Morus multicaulis clet ttil- 4
f^dfigt, ter Morus alba bter Wtife Want* *
beerbaum unt ter Morus morti. Sim bejfei s
ifl ed, roenn man tiefe 3 Slrten, roel^t in 4
ferem (Slima fe^r gut geleil}tn, jugltty 'an- .
pflanjt unt tann tie flatter ter S3auntt, toel-
d>t tad fettefie unt faftigfit ©latt fctrtor"1'*
brirgen, jur gutftrung ttr Staupen in i^rew '
frattrtn 2I(ter btnufct.
S5ad Itn 53oten anbetrifft, fo nimnti K
ter Waulteerbaum fajl mtt jetcm ©tant- '
punftt ttilitb; lit befle (Seite aber wirt tpn 4
ten ©citenraupen erjtugf, wel^t mit t«
Slattern ton 53dumen ^efuttcrt werten^*
lit auf tincrn tr^b^ten ©tantpunfte in ttroad
fantigem, nic^t ju f^roeren S3oten geroat^fen *
flnt.
Gine Waulbeerbaum - Slnpflanjung ffoft '
iiberafl angelegt werten, nur termttlt man
aUe feu^ten Steflen, intern tie ©latter t#r
auf folcfyen Crten ^ettad^fenen ©iiume einen
turdjaud na^t^eiligen Cfinflu§ auj )>it
funt^eit ter 3laupcit auduben. gbeufo mu|"
man bead)ten, ta§ tie (ttnpflanjung ni^t aa *
Orten angelegt wcrte, tie Ueberf^wemmun-
gen audgefe^t jlnt, intern taturcfc fe^r oft tie*
Slrbeit unt £ojfriung tieler 3a|>re pfoflid^ ^
ternid)iet roirt. ^ SJJad tie Oortpflanjung led
^aulbeeibaumed anbetrifft, fo ift tiefelbe "
tierfac^; entroeter turd> 6amen, luV^ <2eji-
fer, turc^ Sc^nittltnge, oter tur<b ^urjel-
fc^offen. WW man tyn tur^ ©ameu fort-.
pflanjen, fo ^at man Bolgented ju btruift^-?
tigen: 2)ian fammlt tie' rtiftn Sfcren,
fdjneite tie beitcn Gnten lerfe'lbtn ab unt5
bemtjje nur tie in ter Witte fluent en JTerne,
roelc^e audgeroafc^en, getrodnet unt an elnew;
fidseren Crtt bid ^ur ©aatjtit au/bewfltyrf*
werten. lW ■****
Dad ©aamertbeef, wetted eine grgnf
tieJRortwinte gef^it0te £agt ^aben ^tuf,
roirt im ^erbjle tief ftmgegraben, taw^ tie
I'uft auf ten ©olen gebbrtg etnwirfen fann.:
Cfnte $anuar wirt tiefe 7Slrtelt Wieter^t/
worauf tad 53eet mtt lent Steven geefnet
unt gegen ®nte jjebruar oter Knfang
befdet wirt. 5Der ©aamt 5f
©tunlen in Staffer erwei^t, worin. titfa 9
itoc^falj aufgelofl worten ift/intem t^d tad
baltigt JTtimtn btforltrt; tann wilt btrfeT&d
mit trbdtntm©antt termif^t in t83oll toi
einanter entfernttn 3lei^en gefaet unb'l —^
^initn t)od) mit feintr Crtt betedt. 9fa$
2—3 $Bo$tn jfigen ftd^ tie jni^'dt
jtn. ®a§ $a* Zkd Jttifa *<&$***
rein ton Unfraut gt^a tten wertnt ural/V**
Mtfi^ toitfrlff} ebenfo muffhi W jun-
gtn ffianyn auf2-^3 3oO^in ten
oertinnt wtfteu.- •
Km (Site ted 3a!?red werten W«1«i-
gen ©tawnw^en efite ^e toci^-^4,§^
erretaji paten uno ronnnt tw na^peii uttf*
ja^re an ten Drt fyttx Di jUjiiwuii tl-
pflanjt werten, wobei max nur g«
Hgen fat, taf tie fRnmd/tn, Mt&HkMt
prafHgen © wfl jrigtn, aU
He ubrtgtn aber df 3w^bittw^
oter ^tdni benu^t werten.
wen (Eltwa, wfc in
wewi wan ^irfefeawen Wilt^^iitt'
mif^t wtt tew ftaMdetrfaMiett aHdfSet;1to-
mit terfelbe ten jungen ^flanjen mdfmn
gegen tie audtorrenten 6o mea(lrofte« fe
oaf re. Snte ^ottmbtr waft iwlm
aUed tuft am SBoten at nnt MrMlu
•' <•
Upcoming Pages
Here’s what’s next.
Search Inside
This issue can be searched. Note: Results may vary based on the legibility of text within the document.
Tools / Downloads
Get a copy of this page or view the extracted text.
Citing and Sharing
Basic information for referencing this web page. We also provide extended guidance on usage rights, references, copying or embedding.
Reference the current page of this Newspaper.
Neu-Braunfelser Zeitung (New Braunfels, Tex.), Vol. 1, No. 5, Ed. 1 Friday, December 10, 1852, newspaper, December 10, 1852; New Braunfels, Texas. (https://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth232991/m1/1/: accessed April 19, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, The Portal to Texas History, https://texashistory.unt.edu; crediting The Dolph Briscoe Center for American History.