The Quarterly of the Texas State Historical Association, Volume 9, July 1905 - April, 1906 Page: 53
ix, 294 p. : ill. ; 23 cm.View a full description of this periodical.
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A Chapter in the History of Young Territory.
civilized peoples.' It was from this tribe that the state took its
name, Tejas or Texas.
All the Caddo tribes-Caddoes, Adaes, Bedaes, Keechies, Nacog-
doches, Ionies, Anadaquas, Wacoes, Tawakanos, Towash, Enquis-
acoes, and Tejas-although at the time of the establishment of the
reserve many of them were only feeble remnants, were placed upon
the Brazos Agency and called for convenience "Caddoes." The
Tonkawas, though a nomadic tribe, as they were pacific and always
friendly to the whites, were also placed upon this reservation.
'The nomadic tribes of Texas were the Karankawas, Lipans,
Tonkawas, Kiowas, Apaches, and Comanches. The Franciscan
missionaries who had labored in Texas during the preceding cen-
tury to civilize the more interesting and kindly disposed agricul-
tural tribes had not been neglectful of these more ferocious deni-
zens of the province, and had established missions for some of
them. The Karankawas were a fierce tribe of gigantic size, who
inhabited the coast region, and for whose benefit Mission Refugio
was established; but at this period they had entirely disappeared.
The Lipans ranged from the Brazos to the Mexican frontier along
the foot of the mountains. They had acquired the Spanish lan-
guage, and at an earlier date than the establishment of the re-
serves they emigrated to Mexico, but often made incursions on
the southwestern frontier. In the war for Mexican independence,
they fought on the side of the Republicans against the Spanish.
The Tonkawas ranged between the Brazos and the Nueces from
the coast as far inward as the upper Colorado. La Salle encoun-
tered them on the lower Guadalupe and was kindly treated by
them. The Mission of Our Lady of Guadalupe was established for
their benefit, the ruins of which may still be seen in Mission Val-
ley. As this tribe was a bitter foe of the Comanches, who had
almost destroyed them, they were placed among the friendly tribes
on the Brazos Agency. The Apaches, whose village was at Ban-
dera Pass, were a ferocious tribe that devastated the southwestern
frontier from the earliest settlement of it by the Spanish. There
are ruins in the upper Nueces which no doubt were missions estab-
lished for them by the zealous fathers, who displayed not only
1THE QUARTERLY, II 302-309.
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Texas State Historical Association. The Quarterly of the Texas State Historical Association, Volume 9, July 1905 - April, 1906, periodical, 1906; Austin, Texas. (https://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth101036/m1/57/: accessed April 24, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, The Portal to Texas History, https://texashistory.unt.edu; crediting Texas State Historical Association.