The Quarterly of the Texas State Historical Association, Volume 1, July 1897 - April, 1898 Page: 16
334 p. : ill., ports., maps ; 23 cm.View a full description of this periodical.
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16 Texas Historical Association Quarterly.
meantime, the United States ignored Spain's claim to the main
stream of Red river. Louisiana was admitted as a State in 1812.
Civil jurisdiction was ,extended west of Red river below the neutral
ground whenever the necessities of her increasing population de-
manded it. Arkansas Territory was cut off, and Indian Territory
set aside as a reservation for the Cherokees and other Indians. In-
dian Territory embraced the Red river watershed west of Arkansas
on the south, as well as north of Red river.
Spain had always claimed to the main stream of Red river, and
had assigned the territory to Texas and New Mexico. On the other
hand, Mr. Jefferson and his advisers and their successors claimed
the Red river watershed on the south as well as north. Nacog-
doches was the most northerly settlement in Texas, and Captain
Pike's chart had located it about eighty miles south of the 32d par-
allel, and thus, with the aid received from Humboldt's map, fixed
in his mind this parallel as a proper division line between Spain and
the United States south of Red river. Before the ratification of the
treaty of 1819, Cherokee Indians began to occupy Indian Territory,
the treaty having been made with them in 1817, so that when the
country was wrested from Spain by Mexico they had begun to oc-
cupy the country on both sides of the river. Finding themselves
cut off by the treaty ratified in 1821 by Spain and in 1822 by Mex-
ico, they applied to the latter for proprietary rights to the country
north of the 32d parallel, south of Red river; but failing in this,
they obtained a permissive occupancy. In the Fredonian war in
1826, this was agreed upon as a line between them and Edwards'
colonists. In 1835, a treaty was made with them, recognizing their
rights to the sovereignty of the soil; but, being provisional, it was
repudiated by the Republic of Texas, which, though refusing to
recognize them as constituents of the sovereignty, continued their
permissive occupancy until their alliances with the enemies of the
Republic of Texas forfeited that right, and they were driven from
Texas.
By the treaty of 1819 (ratified by Spain in 1821, and by Mexico
in 1822), boundary disputes between Spain and the United States
were finally adjusted. By that treaty, the boundaries between the
two nations were fixed as follows: Beginning at the mouth of the
Sabine river, thence up its west bank to the point where it is crossed
by the 32d parallel of north latitude; thence north to Red river;
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Texas State Historical Association. The Quarterly of the Texas State Historical Association, Volume 1, July 1897 - April, 1898, periodical, 1897/1898; Austin, Texas. (https://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth101009/m1/26/: accessed April 19, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, The Portal to Texas History, https://texashistory.unt.edu; crediting Texas State Historical Association.